Export Marketing Strategy

The United Kingdom's departure from the European Union on 1 January 2021 introduced substantial new administrative, customs, and regulatory burdens on exporters across the continent. For Poland-the UK's fourth largest export market and a country with a deeply embedded trade surplus in bilateral goods exchange-Brexit represented an inflection point of considerable commercial significance. Yet the data that has accumulated since the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into force tells a counterintuitive story: Polish exports to the UK not only survived the transition but accelerated, reaching EUR 18.5 billion in 2024 and sustaining a goods trade surplus of nearly EUR 12.5 billion-the widest bilateral surplus Poland maintains with any major non-EU trading partner (PAIH, 2025; GUS DBW, via HandelPolska.pl). This article examines the structural, commercial, and operational factors that account for this resilience. It argues that three mechanisms were decisive: the structural shift in export composition from automotive components to food products, the mobilisation of the Polish diaspora in Britain as a demand driver, andcritically-the adoption of process automation tools by Polish SMB exporters that enabled them to absorb the administrative costs of post-Brexit compliance without proportional increases in overhead. Documented evidence from Polish firms implementing automation solutions (Digital Development, 2025) is used to illustrate how operational efficiency at the firm level translates into competitive advantage in a higher-friction trade environment. The findings have implications for the broader literature on trade resilience, non-tariff barrier adaptation, and the role of firm-level digital maturity in sustaining export performance under institutional disruption.

Fresh grape exports from India continue to grow rapidly as international buyers search for reliable suppliers who can provide premium quality fruit with complete compliance. Markets such as the United States and the European Union maintain strict import standards to protect consumers, maintain food safety, and ensure traceability across the agricultural supply chain. For exporters, understanding fresh grape export certification requirements is no longer optional. It is a necessary step for building long-term trade relationships and avoiding shipment rejection. In 2026, buyers in the US and EU are paying close attention to food safety documents, pesticide residue levels, farm traceability, and packaging standards. Indian exporters who prepare properly can successfully compete in global markets and expand their export operations.

This paper takes the processing trade of aquatic products between China and Indonesia as the research subject, focusing on the role of cold chain standardization in promoting high-quality development of bilateral trade. Through literature analysis, data statistics, and case studies, it is found that although significant differences exist between the two countries in terms of infrastructure, technical standards, regulatory mechanisms, and enterprise capabilities, there is considerable potential for cooperation under the RCEP framework. The study suggests that comprehensive measures such as mutual recognition of standards, digital traceability, demonstration corridor construction, financial support, and talent training can effectively improve the quality of China-Indonesia aquatic product trade, reduce supply chain risks, and facilitate the transformation of trade models toward high-quality and sustainable development.

This study addresses the relevance of export market orientation in enhancing the market performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), specifically examining the moderating role of government policy and the mediating effect of information access. The paper aims to provide insights into how these factors collectively impact SME performance. Data were collected from members of the Malang Regency SME Communication Forum, chosen for their relevance as active players in one of Indonesia’s regions with the highest SME concentration. An online questionnaire was used to gather insights directly from the business owners and managers, yielding 448 valid responses that provide a representative perspective on SME market dynamics. The collected data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The findings demonstrate that export market orientation significantly boosts SME market performance (path coefficient = 0.512, p < 0.001), highlighting its critical...

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the behavior of Turkish manufacturing firms towards export market orientation. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 export sales managers, and the obtained data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. According to the findings of the analysis, the factors that may influence firms' export market orientation practices are classified under seven themes which include organizational structure, firm characteristics, firm capabilities, export sales manager characteristics, top management characteristics, inter-firm factors, and environmental factors. The study provides important conclusions regarding which firm capabilities should be developed to increase the level of market orientation in export activities, and which characteristics and competencies of export managers and top-level executives should be emphasized. Additionally, it highlights the importance of developing trust-based cooperative relations with importers to obtain export market knowledge and provide effective responses.

El confinamiento social causado en el mundo entero por la problemática de salud derivada de la pandemia del covid-19 evidenció la estrecha dependencia que existe entre la salud, el mercado y las organizaciones. Esta situación ha afectado profundamente las condiciones de funcionamiento, no solo de los mercados y las organizaciones, sino también de la vida cotidiana y las relaciones sociales de las personas.

Las drásticas medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos, relacionadas con la restricción de la movilidad y necesarias para la protección de la población, han puesto sobre la mesa un nuevo escenario social y económico, en gran medida incierto, que se extiende más allá de la etapa de control de la pandemia y se prolongará, configurando una situación emergente denominada pospandemia, en la cual deberá gestionarse la reactivación socioeconómica.

La empresa social ha sido considerada como una estrategia importante para luchar contra problemáticas sociales de discriminación y exclusión. En este capítulo nos interesa analizar las aportaciones que el constructo ofrece para promover los procesos de empoderamiento de las mujeres indígenas, considerando que éstas han sido históricamente vulneradas. A pesar de ello, las mujeres indígenas han podido promover sus niveles de agencia y empoderarse a través de la participación en los emprendimientos sociales. Para ello se recurre a entrevistas en profundidad con mujeres indígenas participantes en grupos de trabajo apoyados por el Programa para la Producción y Productividad Indígena (Proin) en el municipio de Ensenada (Baja California). Como principales hallazgos, se destaca la creación de valor social, empoderamiento, reciprocidad y la inclusión de participantes históricamente vulneradas; no obstante, queda pendiente también la consolidación de rubros para efectivamente cumplir como empresa social. Como implicación práctica se pretende que los hallazgos puedan ser considerados para la generación de políticas y estrategias de los diversos agentes del ecosistema de emprendimiento, buscando mejorar la condición de vida de las mujeres indígenas.

MSMEs, or micro, small, and medium-sized businesses, are the foundation of the Indian economy and play a major role in exports, manufacturing output, and employment. Indian MSMEs face a variety of difficulties in a time of rapid technological disruption and globalization, despite their vital role in promoting inclusive growth. The present state, growth patterns, and sustainability issues that Indian MSMEs are facing have been examined in this study, along with the transformative potential of digital technologies. Based on MSME annual reports and secondary data from 2011 to 2019, the analysis shows strong expansion with notable gains in employment, fixed asset value, and gross output. However, these benefits come with enduring limitations, such as poor infrastructure, outmoded technology, restricted marketing capabilities, and insufficient credit availability. As the competitiveness gap between Indian MSMEs and their international counterparts grows, the study emphasizes the necessity of technological advancement and policy realignment. Additionally, the paper examines sectoral opportunities, with a focus on retail trade, textiles, and hospitality, all of which have significant growth potential. Existing inefficiencies are made worse by a lack of awareness of government programs, inadequate training programs, and inadequate entrepreneurial skills. The study suggests practical ways to overcome these obstacles, including skill development programs, expert consultation panels, enhanced access to financing, and reciprocal technology sharing. According to the study's findings, Indian MSMEs can significantly contribute to improving export performance, drawing in foreign capital, minimizing regional inequalities, and attaining sustainable economic growth with the right institutional support and digital technology.

This study examined the connection between organizational success and corporate culture, particularly the elements of
consistency and adaptation, in Nigeria's South-South brewing sector. A correlational study design was used, and information
was gathered from 300 employees from International Breweries Plc, Guinness Nigeria Plc, and Nigerian Breweries Plc,
who were chosen by the simple random sampling method. Two structured questionnaires were used for data collection, and
the responses were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation and Coefficient of Determination to address the research questions.
The findings revealed a very high positive relationship between adaptability and organizational success, as well as between
consistency and organizational success. The results of the hypothesis testing confirmed that these relationships were
statistically significant. Based on the findings, the study concludes that both adaptability and consistency, as elements of
corporate culture, play a critical role in enhancing organizational success in the brewing industry. The study recommends
that breweries periodically assess and adjust their corporate culture to ensure continued alignment with organizational goals
and market demands, and that they foster a work environment that supports flexibility and operational consistency.

This study examined the connection between organizational success and corporate culture, particularly the elements of
consistency and adaptation, in Nigeria's South-South brewing sector. A correlational study design was used, and information
was gathered from 300 employees from International Breweries Plc, Guinness Nigeria Plc, and Nigerian Breweries Plc,
who were chosen by the simple random sampling method. Two structured questionnaires were used for data collection, and
the responses were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation and Coefficient of Determination to address the research questions.
The findings revealed a very high positive relationship between adaptability and organizational success, as well as between
consistency and organizational success. The results of the hypothesis testing confirmed that these relationships were
statistically significant. Based on the findings, the study concludes that both adaptability and consistency, as elements of
corporate culture, play a critical role in enhancing organizational success in the brewing industry. The study recommends
that breweries periodically assess and adjust their corporate culture to ensure continued alignment with organizational goals
and market demands, and that they foster a work environment that supports flexibility and operational consistency.

Pakistan’s fruit sector is a shining example of how fast
it has grown and the opportunities that hold in the realm
of agriculture and its ability to overcome global
competition. Pakistan takes pride in diverse fruit types
that are widely spread over its vast fertile lands, making
it an important state player in the world fruit business.
This preface is a preamble for comprehensive analysis of
public policies aimed at nurturing and harnessing full
potential of Pakistan’s fruit industry. Having increased
significantly over the last decade, citrus and mangoes
have been leading exporters of Pakistani fruits. This
growth has been underscored by robust government
interventions like “National Programme for Enhancing
Command Area of Barani Areas of Pakistan” and
‘Pakistan Fruits and Vegetables Export Strategy 2023-
2027’. Such measures together with partnerships and
pro-active moves have boosted Pakistan’s capacity of
fruit production to new heights thus contributing
meaningfully to national economies as well as global
trade. In spite of natural calamities as well as market
fluctuation challenges, resilience and hope are shown by
Pakistan’s exports of fruits. The government’s
dedication to promoting fruit farming plus enabling
regulations combined with a series.

The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.

The image of the forest serves as a key symbol in atmospheric black metal, facilitating a connection with the past—an essential component of this music genre's conceptual essence. It also conveys a unique attitude toward nature, often juxtaposed with culture. However, for bands from Russia, the forest additionally functions as an ethnoscape, a significant element of national identity. Some Russian projects further complicate this stereotype by transforming it into a political statement, addressing ecological issues relevant to both global and local narratives. Such an approach is exemplified in Elderwind’s concept album Fires, which highlights the problem of forest fires in the Ural and Siberia, as well as in the ecological manifesto of the duo Grima, who dedicate their creative work to the enigmatic master of the forest. This paper aims to explore how the image of the Russian forest is utilized on visual, textual, and musical levels in the Elderwind project and by bands from the roster of the Slowsnow Records label, which specializes in atmospheric black metal with a forest theme.

Globalization, one of the most significant processes in recent years, has greatly facilitated worldwide economic, social, cultural, and technological interactions through the acceleration of international trade and communication. This process strengthens connections between different countries, encourages expansion in market access and resource utilization, and also increases strategic competition. In this context, strategic competition manifests itself through the long-term plans and strategies that organizations pursue while competing with each other. This competition generally involves strategic moves aimed at increasing market share, expanding customer base, fostering innovation, and ensuring sustainable growth. The relationship between globalization and strategic competition leads competitors to determine their own strategies while competing in global markets. Competitive intelligence, which has come to the forefront within this scope, forms the focal point of the article. Competitive intelligence is an understanding that involves systematically gathering, analyzing, and interpreting critical information about competitors, including their strengths and weaknesses, organizational strategies, market shares, pricing policies, products and services, marketing activities, and other crucial details. This new understanding not only assists competitors in preserving and enhancing their competitive advantages but also presents opportunities for developing preventive and defensive strategies against each other's actions. In this context, the purpose of the article is defined as evaluating competitive intelligence practices within a theoretical framework, focusing on topics such as global strategic competition, strategic intelligence, market, and marketing research.

This study addresses the relevance of export market orientation in enhancing the market performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), specifically examining the moderating role of government policy and the mediating effect of information access. The paper aims to provide insights into how these factors collectively impact SME performance. Data were collected from members of the Malang Regency SME Communication Forum, chosen for their relevance as active players in one of Indonesia’s regions with the highest SME concentration. An online questionnaire was used to gather insights directly from the business owners and managers, yielding 448 valid responses that provide a representative perspective on SME market dynamics. The collected data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The findings demonstrate that export market orientation significantly boosts SME market performance (path coefficient = 0.512, p < 0.001), highlighting its critical role in fostering customer-oriented practices and adaptive marketing strategies. Additionally, export market orientation positively influenced information access (path coefficient = 0.359, p < 0.001), facilitating timely market insights that support decision-making. However, the mediating effect of information access on the relationship between export market orientation and market performance was not statistically significant (path coefficient = 0.242, p = 0.072). Furthermore, the strengthening effects of government policy on both export market orientation and market performance and on export market orientation and information access were also insignificant (path coefficients = –0.103 and 0.053, p = 0.053 and 0.132, respectively).

Handicraft SMEs provide employment to over six million people in India and it is also a major foreign exchange earner exporting to around hundred countries. This is a review paper which tries to explore the impact of digitalization on export potential of handicraft SMEs through analysis of recent literature. Over fifty papers have been studied sourced from Procedia, Emerald, ResearchGate, SSRN, Asian Development Bank, FICCI, EBSCO etc. to bring out the major challenges faced by handicraft SMEs. The study also puts forward the potential benefits that these SMEs can get from the process of digitalization. The work reviewed is related to various craft forms like wooden crafts, coir, handloom etc. and is from Indian states of Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat etc. There are also works from Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to give us an idea about other developing nations as. This work provides a base for further secondary as well primary studies related to the area of Handicraft SMEs and their relation with digitalization. This study concludes that there is little advancement in the benefits that SMEs derive from various government initiatives despite the giant contribution they make to the Indian economy. This paper as an analysis of vast literature provide scope for further quantitative, qualitative and empirical researches.

Traditional medicine refers to herbal products, herbal materials, processed herbal products, and finished herbal products that contain parts of plants, other plant materials, or their combinations as active ingredients. Herbal refers to natural materials widely used for treatment, health supplements, and food additives (WHO, 2013; Suliasih & Mun'im, 2022). The use of traditional medicine for healing has been practiced for thousands of years in various countries, even before synthetic drugs were discovered. Today, traditional medicine is becoming more popular for several reasons, such as the belief that it has fewer side effects compared to conventional medicines, or even no side effects because it is made from natural ingredients. Additionally, herbal medicines are easily accessible without a doctor's prescription, are supported by strong traditions, especially in rural areas, and are increasingly used for treating degenerative diseases that require long-term treatment. In such conditions, many people turn to herbal medicine because

Traditional medicine refers to herbal products, herbal materials, processed herbal products, and finished herbal products that contain parts of plants, other plant materials, or their combinations as active ingredients. Herbal refers to natural materials widely used for treatment, health supplements, and food additives (WHO, 2013; Suliasih & Mun'im, 2022). The use of traditional medicine for healing has been practiced for thousands of years in various countries, even before synthetic drugs were discovered. Today, traditional medicine is becoming more popular for several reasons, such as the belief that it has fewer side effects compared to conventional medicines, or even no side effects because it is made from natural ingredients. Additionally, herbal medicines are easily accessible without a doctor's prescription, are supported by strong traditions, especially in rural areas, and are increasingly used for treating degenerative diseases that require long-term treatment. In such conditions, many people turn to herbal medicine because

Traditional medicine refers to herbal products, herbal materials, processed herbal products, and finished herbal products that contain parts of plants, other plant materials, or their combinations as active ingredients. Herbal refers to natural materials widely used for treatment, health supplements, and food additives (WHO, 2013; Suliasih & Mun'im, 2022). The use of traditional medicine for healing has been practiced for thousands of years in various countries, even before synthetic drugs were discovered. Today, traditional medicine is becoming more popular for several reasons, such as the belief that it has fewer side effects compared to conventional medicines, or even no side effects because it is made from natural ingredients. Additionally, herbal medicines are easily accessible without a doctor's prescription, are supported by strong traditions, especially in rural areas, and are increasingly used for treating degenerative diseases that require long-term treatment. In such conditions, many people turn to herbal medicine because

Comme il a ete demontre dans des etudes anterieures, faire des affaires a l&#39;etranger est plus complexe que transiger uniquement sur les marches nationaux ou locaux et ce, pour diverses raisons. L&#39;absence de proximite, la langue, la culture, les facons de faire sont autant de facteurs pouvant freiner le developpement international des PME ou, du moins, rendre celui-ci moins rapide que le developpement national. Les defis de l&#39;exportation sont lies notamment a une bonne connaissance du marche vers lequel on destine nos activites, a la mise en marche d&#39;un produit distinctif qui pourra concurrencer les produits locaux ou nationaux, a l&#39;efficacite de la production etc. Pour relever ces defis et favoriser le succes de l&#39;exportation, on misera ainsi sur l&#39;innovation pour assurer un produit distinctif, la veille concurrentielle pour obtenir une information strategique, les etudes de marche sur les besoins de la clientele, les collaborations pour reduire l&#39;inc...

Tissue culture seedlings have been used to improve production in agriculture. However, tissue culture suffers from low adoption. In this context, adoption studies in Tanzania of these types of seedlings are scarce and in general, do not jointly account for the judgment factors affecting the adoption decision among banana farmers. This study investigates the Influence of Complexity on Adoption. Farm-level data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro. Binary logistic was used to analyse the data and the results show the easierto-grow significantly increased adoption. The findings of this study propose that; future information on seedlings technology must demonstrate an advantage over traditional seedlings and the investigation evidence supporting seedlings innovation must be clearly visible. We, therefore, concluded that the innovation adoption process has a social and complex element; it requires adequate extension of Information systems and negotiations with key stakeholders in the whole value chain.

The brewing industry in South-Eastern Nigeria is faced with numerous challenges including a dearth of ethical leadership and difficulty in expanding operations in a highly competitive business environment. This study investigated the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational growth in the brewing industry. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses that were assessed at the 0.05 level of significance. The research design employed in the study was correlational research design. 3,222 employees of the six brewing enterprises in South-Eastern Nigeria constituted the population of the study. Using Taro Yamane's (1967) method, 315 employees were drawn for the study. A structured questionnaire served as the data collection tool. Using Cronbach statistics, the questionnaire's reliability was assessed, yielding an alpha coefficient of 0.82. The assumptions were tested using a Pearson correlation critical value table, and the data was analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient as a statistical metric. The study found a strong positive correlation between ethical leadership and organizational growth in the brewing industry in South-Eastern Nigeria. The result led to several recommendations, one of which was that ethical behavior should be prioritized and institutionalized at the leadership level and indeed all levels in the organizational hierarchy. This will significantly improve the growth potentials of companies in various industries as they strive to succeed in a highly competitive business environment.

In a context where world economy is everyday more global, food safety standards and regulations have become a key topic for most food industries, as well as a structuring force for entering or competing on some markets. The shrimp aquaculture chain of the Philippines is currently facing this big challenge, as it has to adapt itself to the requirements of international food safety standards, among which, the new European Food law can be considered one of the strictest as it is aimed at providing a very high level of protection to the consumer. This presentation aims at explaining the experience gained by Philippines&#39; operators in complying with the new European law, as well as discussing some of its consequences.