Food Habit

INTRODUCTION: Changes in dietary patterns and a decrease in physical activity have occurred in Western countries. These are factors in the variation in body composition observed in populations, characterized by a progressive accumulation of fat with age and a consequent increase in the risk of suffering from common chronic illnesses such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. OBJECTIVE: To investigate weight gain throughout the life-cycle and its relation to modi®cations in dietary patterns, analyzing the causes of these modi®cations and their implications for patterns of adult overweight and obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional sample of Spanish women from a socio-economically disadvantaged class. SUBJECTS: 1037 healthy perimenopausal women (age: 45 ± 65 y). MEASUREMENTS: Juvenile body mass index (BMI), current BMI, food frequency questionnaire, retrospective food habits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of these women, 48.8% had changed their dietary habits during their lifetime. A change in diet due to migration or marriage occurred at approximately 20 years of age and was characterized by an increased frequency of consumption of foods rich in protein and complex carbohydrates, while a change due to illness occurred at around 50 years of age and was characterized by a decrease in the consumption of these types of food. The change in dietary behavior due to migration was associated with weight gain. Weight gain was also inversely associated with BMI during youth; women who in their youth had a BMI `18.5 kgam 2 gained an average of 21.4 kg, compared with those with a BMI b 27 kgam 2 in their youth, who gained an average of 5.4 kg.

The exotic Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, was recently introduced to the northeastern coast of North America and during the 1990's breeding populations were established throughout southern New England. In 1997–1998, ecological studies of several co-occurring brachyuran crabs were conducted and in native (Tanabe Bay, Japan) and invaded (Long Island Sound, USA) habitats of H. sanguineus. Standardized comparisons of H.

The aim of the present work was to analyze the body composition and dietary profile of Spanish celiac men and to compare them to control men and celiac women from our previous studies. Forty-two celiac men (31.5 ± 11.9 years) were recruited and anthropometric measurements were taken. Analysis of energy consumption, macro- and micronutrient intake and food frequency consumption was carried out. Celiac men were more overweight and obese than celiac women, but less than the control population, reporting the same energy intake and macronutrient distribution. Most micronutrient deficiencies in celiac men were not directly related to a gluten free diet; these were also observed for the entire population. The least adherence to Dietary Reference Intakes in women was reported for iron, iodine, potassium and selenium, whereas magnesium intake was higher than in men. Among celiac participants (both genders), cereal, vegetable and legume consumption was poor and meat intake was contrastingly e...

Se analizó los contenidos estomacales de 21 especies de peces capturadas en el río Yucao, en dos sitios y periodos anuales diferentes. Las estructuras del tracto digestivo fueron clasificadas de acuerdo a la posición de la boca, forma del estómago y dientes, longitud del intestino y número de braquispinas y ciegos pilóricos. Estas características se relacionaron con cuatro hábitos alimentarios generalizados: detritívoros, herbívoros, consumidores de perifiton (perifitófagos) y omnívoros. La forma de los dientes y del estómago fueron las estructuras del digestivo que, en los análisis de correspondencia, se relacionaron mejor con los diferentes tipos de alimentación. De acuerdo a la composición espacial y temporal de los contenidos estomacales en cada especie, se puede establecer que los recursos alimentarios aprovechados por estos organismos son variados y pertenecen a diferentes niveles de la trama trófica. Dentro de las especies analizadas predominaron las omnívoras, que consumen indistintamente material vegetal o animal de origen alóctono o del cuerpo de agua. PALABRAS CLAVES: Río Yucao, contenido estomacal, morfología del tracto digestivo, peces tropicales.

The food habits of 232 almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana) were investigated in the Azores (NE Atlantic) between 1997 and 2000. Fish length ranged from 23 to 134 cm (SL), and 83.2% of the stomachs contained food. Their diet was exclusively piscivorous and dominant prey were juveniles of Trachurus picturatus (1997 to 1998) and Scomber japonicus (1999 to 2000). An apparent decrease of T. picturatus stock is interpreted as the main cause for the detected diet shift.

The PASTORAL grazing simulator demonstrates the effects of forage availability and preference values on grazer diets and forage utilization, and provides data for student calculations of preference indexes. It can also serve as a grazing subroutine in a larger model. PASTORAL creates and prints a checkerboard array in which each cell contains a specified biomass of one forage source. The model accommodates as many as nine sources (species, species groups, or lifeforms); the sources, their preference values, and the proportion of the total biomass contributed by each are determined by user input. A grazer is moved through the array and removes forage according to algorithms incorporating preference values, biomass, and random factors. The array and the movement of the grazer through it are displayed on the CRT. At the beginning of each run and at userselected intervals, hard copy is produced of the array and the amount of each forage source remaining.

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This synopsis of the literature was designed to summarize the biological and biochemical studies involving Pandalus borealis as well as to provide a summary of the literature regarding the fisheries data published before early 1984. Included are many unpublished observations, drawn from studies at the State of Maine Department of Marine Resources Laboratory in West Boothbay Harbor, Maine. (PDF file contains 63 pages.)

En France, prendre trois repas par jour constitue une caractéristique culturelle importante qui s'est développée au 19ème siècle sur le modèle bourgeois. Nous avons cherché à tester si ce modèle prévaut toujours et à analyser dans quelle mesure la structure familiale, le sexe, le revenu et la migration sont associés à la fréquence des repas. Cette recherche s'appuie sur l'analyse transversale des données recueillies en 2010 auprès de la cohorte SIRS (Santé, inégalités, ruptures sociales) sur un échantillon représentatif de 3006 adultes habitant l'agglomération parisienne. Les résultats ont confirmé que le modèle des trois repas reste fortement ancré dans les habitudes alimentaires parisiennes. Cependant, l'étude fait ressortir qu'un habitant sur quatre déclare ne faire que deux repas par jour. Elle met en évidence une différence entre hommes et femmes. Les femmes sont plus susceptibles que les hommes de faire trois repas quotidiens, ces derniers étant plus no...

Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) is the well-known species among the old world Monkeys. Rhesus Macaques are found throughout mainland of Asia; from Afghanistan to India and Thailand to southern China. In India the sub-species of Rhesus Macaques are Macaca mulatta villosa and Macaca mulatta mulatta. Most common food for Rhesus macaques include seeds, fruits, vegetables, gums, bark, stems, inflorences and insect supplement like termites, grasshopper, ants, beetles and they also eat birds eggs, shellfish and fish.

DE L'OLTIPRAZ ' ET DE L'ASSOCIATION NlWlDAZOLE (25 MG/KG) I (1 DOSE, 30 MG/KG) -METRIFONATE ( I O MG/KG) CONTRE S. HAEMATOBIUM P a J.L. REY (l), E. SELLIN (2), B. SELLIN (3), E. SIMONKOVICH (4) et F. MOUCHET (3) SUMMARY OLTIPRAZ (1 DOSE, 30 MG/KG) METRIFONATE (10 MG/KG): COMSARED EFFICIENCY ON S. haematobium. PUGH (1978) and TEEDSALE et al. (1980) showed that .a? associated single dose of metrifonate (12.5 mg/kg) plus m idazole (25 mg/kg) gave good results on Schistosoma haematobium: the egg-reduction percentage ranged between 84.7 and 93.2. In Niger, we compared the effects of this medication to oltipraz in a single dose (30 mg/kg). We selected a dosage of 10 mg/kg of metrifonate and 25 mg/kg of niridazole. This trial was carried out during the minimal transmission period. -109 adults (> 15 years) received oltipraz and 159 this combined treatment. They were examined twice: 1 1/2 month and 6 months after treatment. At the first control, the cure rate was 26.7% for oltipraz and 23.3% for the combined treatment, the egg-reduction was respectively 77.1% and 41.3%. Six months after treatment, the cure rate was 43.5% for oltipraz and 27.7% for the combined treatment and the egg-reduction was 66.5% and 2.0% respectively. Following these results, the authors recommend against the combined treatment in Niger. They note that if, in some particular conditions, this medication can give good results (PUGH, 1978, TEESDALE et al., 1980) it is however necessary to include its test in future control projects. Also, they note the weak result obtained with oltipraz; but, in this case, the heavy endemic level and high egg-loads might explain it, as well as the fact that the 30 mg/kg dosage was probably insufficient.