Game Development

The modern graphics processing units (GPUs), found on almost every personal computer, use the z-buffer algorithm to compute visibility. Ray tracing, an alternative to the z-buffer algorithm, delivers higher visual quality than the z-buffer algorithm but has historically been too slow for interactive use. However, ray tracing has benefited from improvements in computer hardware, and many believe it will replace the z-buffer algorithm as the graphics engine on PCs. If this replacement happens, it will imply fundamental changes in both the API to and capabilities of 3D graphics engines. This paper overviews the backgrounds in z-buffer and ray tracing, presents our case that ray tracing will replace z-buffer in the near future, and discusses the implications for graphics oriented classes should this switch to ray tracing occur. Since computer gaming is one of the most important industry driving graphics hardware and the fact that recently there are many computer science courses related to games and games development, we also describe the potential impact on games related classes.

The modern graphics processing units (GPUs), found on almost every personal computer, use the z-buffer algorithm to compute visibility. Ray tracing, an alternative to the z-buffer algorithm, delivers higher visual quality than the z-buffer algorithm but has historically been too slow for interactive use. However, ray tracing has benefited from improvements in computer hardware, and many believe it will replace the z-buffer algorithm as the graphics engine on PCs. If this replacement happens, it will imply fundamental changes in both the API to and capabilities of 3D graphics engines. This paper overviews the backgrounds in z-buffer and ray tracing, presents our case that ray tracing will replace z-buffer in the near future, and discusses the implications for graphics oriented classes should this switch to ray tracing occur. Since computer gaming is one of the most important industry driving graphics hardware and the fact that recently there are many computer science courses related to games and games development, we also describe the potential impact on games related classes.

Learning introductory programming, especially C++ is difficult for new programmers due to the abstractness of the syntax and logic involved. Traditional teaching methods have difficulty providing students the instant visual feedback they require to remain engaged and motivated in their studies which contributes to the high dropout rate of students enrolled in Computer Science programs. Therefore, this final year project will be presented with a goal on developing a narrative-driven 2D top-down adventure game called Code[X]: Nexus. This project is designed in becoming a supplemental learning tool for the computer science curriculum in the Diploma program at Universiti Teknologi Mara. Code[X]: Nexus was created by utilizing the Godot Engine 4 as the game engine. The game utilizes a Game Based Learning (GBL) methodology that uses visualizations of abstract concepts in the form of game mechanics. A "compiler puzzle" was also developed to allow players to write and debug code to solve puzzles and continue their way through a science fiction narrative. The use of "scaffolding" was integrated into the design of the game to introduce complex topics including Variables, Loops and Conditionals to players in an increasingly difficult manner. Functional testing and User Acceptance Testing (UAT) were conducted on Code[X]: Nexus with 31 participants who are part of the target demographic. The results of the UAT demonstrated that the game improved the confidence of the participants with respect to the completion of the puzzles as 90.3 % of the participants indicated that the interactive puzzles were more effective than traditional textbooks. In addition, 67.7% of participants preferred the game-based method of instruction versus standard lecture methods. Overall, it can be concluded that the use of narrative driven gamification is an effective pedagogical strategy to bridge the gap between theory and practice in technical education.

Coronavirus jokes in Croatian were analyzed by Miloš (2020).  Štrkalj Despot (2020) lists such puns in Croatian and mentions that the phrase u doba korone 'in the time of Corona' has more than 4 million hits on Google.  Apaurin is the name of an anxiolytic.  However, as the pandemic continued, the nickname disappeared as quickly as it appeared.  In Croatian cijepiti se means 'to vaccinate'.

This article examines new growth points in the economy of Uzbekistan with a particular focus on the development of the Game Development (GameDev) industry as an emerging digital sector. It highlights how digital technologies, innovation, and creative industries contribute to economic diversification and sustainable growth. The paper discusses opportunities for investment, talent development, and the role of government support in fostering the GameDev ecosystem. Special attention is given to the integration of IT, entrepreneurship, and global market access in shaping the future of Uzbekistan’s digital economy.

Rad opisuje stvaranje 2D igre Arena Battle u Unity okruženju. U radu je opisan alat Unity, te neke njegove funkcionalnosti. Igra se sastoji od 5 scena. Prva scena prikazuje glavni izbornik. Prva mogućnost prikazuje kratak video s prikazom igre i kontrola koje se koriste. Iduća mogućnost je odigravanje igre, gdje igrača napadaju protivnici, koje igrač mora uništiti da bi preživio. Slijede mogućnosti pregleda rezultata koje je igrač postigao. U radu se detaljno opisuju skripte uz pomoć kojih je nastala igra.This paper describes the creation of 2D Arena Battle game in a Unity environment. The paper describes the Unity tool, some of its functionalities. The game consists of 5 scenes. The first scene shows the main menu. The first option shows a short video showing the games and controls used. The next option is to play game, where opponents attacks player that you have to shoot to survive. The following are options to view the results the player has achieved. The paper describes in deta...

Mixed Reality games are becoming more and more popular these days and offer unique experiences to the players. However, development of such games typically still requires expert knowledge and access to Mixed Reality toolkits or frameworks. In this paper, we present the so-called Magic Lens Box that follows a different approach. Based on standard hardware The Magic Lens Box enables game designers with little technological background to create their own Mixed Reality games in a simple yet powerful fashion. We further outline the development process of the magic Lens Box, describe the conceptual model behind it and discuss three games that have been developed with our system. Evaluation of these games shows the viability of our approach, enabling the creation of a variety of rather different Mixed reality games while keeping the development process simple.

Typical CS 1 classes are about many things. The problems and examples are drawn from a variety of domains, with a goal of teaching a computational problem-solving approach and specific language constructs. Many CS 1 courses begin with writing programs that perform simple calculations, transition to more substantial simulations or games in the middle, and perhaps one or two SIGCSE Nifty Assignments at the end. In this panel, we explore the 'stronglythemed' approach in which many of the programs and examples used in the course come from a single domain which provides a theme for the course.

Edit: see Aerodynamic and Systems-Level Analysis of the Sukhoi Su-57 from Open-Source Data for updated analysis, AI tools (Claude, Anthropic) were used for latex syntax and proffessional formatting, all aero calculation and DATCOM METHODOLOGY were independently derived by the author.

This paper presents an aerodynamic and systems analysis of the
Sukhoi Su-57 (Felon) fifth-generation multirole stealth fighter,
derived exclusively from publicly available geometric and performance
data using NASA DATCOM methodology and standard aerodynamic equations.
Key performance parameters including lift curve slope, drag force,
instantaneous and sustained turn rate, stability derivatives, and
rate of climb are derived from first principles.The paper
additionally covers avionics architecture, radar cross section,
armament, and a strengths and limitations assessment. All values
are engineering approximations intended for flight simulation
development and academic demonstration purposes.

In the Philippines, more than half of its vehicular accidents are caused by motorcycles, and most of the reasons why these accidents are happening is because of distracted driving, lowered road awareness, delayed response to emergency such as accidents, and over speeding to name a few as confirmed by World Health Organization’s reports. Premised on this idea, the researchers decided to design, develop, and test a device that would provide a solution to this. Thus, the title “Sonar Technology Assisted Vehicle Sensor” was created. The device was completed after three months of research and development in Eastern Samar State University Salcedo Campus. Results of the four-stage test: the Benchmark; Alpha; Beta; and Usability tests indicated that the Sonar Technology Assisted Vehicle Sensor is fully functional and can detect vehicles approaching and can produce corresponding alarms, and can now be implemented. As an additional feature, the device has been imbedded with a Global Positioni...

We describe the design background of the mathematics game Fingu for iPad aimed at 4 to 8 year old children. We first describe how Fingu theoretically can support children's development of fundamental arithmetic skills, focusing on conceptual subitizing, the embodiment of numerosity, and finger gnosis. Then we present the results of an exploratory micro-longitudinal study of the game with 11 5-and 6-year old children playing the game for several weeks and being filmed at three occasions. We discuss how their behavior with the game develops over time and can be related to the development of arithmetic skills. Finally we discuss how we will proceed testing the effectiveness of Fingu in a larger controlled study.

This study presents the design rationale and prototyping process of GeoQuest, a mobile educational game designed to foster curiosity and promote lifelong learning in geography among adult learners. Grounded in game-based learning and design thinking, the project explores how user-centered design methods can inform the development of effective educational games. GeoQuest integrates map-based exploration, challenge-based quizzes, and incentive-driven mechanics to stimulate geographic thinking and self-regulated learning. The study follows the design thinking process, including empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing, supported by simulated interviews, persona development, rapid ideation, and iterative prototyping. The primary objective is to investigate how design methodologies can be a pplied to create engaging and educationally aligned game systems for adult learners. The resulting contribution is a high-fidelity prototype, supported by documented artifacts and usability planning, which illustrates a replicable approach to serious game design. This work provides design implications for creating learning environments that support spatial reasoning, curiosity, and lifelong learning through game-based experiences.

The aim of this paper is to describe an innovative Logistic Game® developed by the authors. It creates a competition between different teams in terms of strategic decisions in logistic and production problems in a real production system. The game is innovative in three ways. The first is the type of game. It is a game representing a production and logistic system, with the dynamic problems of a real system where, with finite resources, decisions have a relevant impact on performance. The second is the application of a simulation package to create the real scenario in which the competition develops, with the possibility to consider all factors (WIP, down times, line balancing, skills of person, etc). The third is its possible applications, since the game can be used not only as an educative facility, but also as a tool to assess the management skills of a future/present manager to face real and dynamic logistic problems.

E-testing is a prevalent method of knowledge assessment and grading via internet and computers, which makes testing possible at any time and anywhere, both effectively and efficiently/quickly. Today, e-testing is an essential component of every e-learning platform. This study is conceptualized in such a manner to encompass all relevant aspects of e-learning and e-grading as an integral facet in modernizing the process of education. Upon analyzing systems for e-testing and the characteristics such modern systems should possess, the emphasis is places on e-tests as a product of e-testing and grading systems. The study concludes with an analysis of the most popular web-based tools (systems) for e-testing and grading in e-learning. The importance of e-testing consists of the level of quality and efficacy in grading and knowledge assessment in general.

Піксельна графіка з’явилась разом з першими
комп’ютерними іграми. Обмежене місце пам’яті, обмежений вибор
кольорів, розміри комп’ютерних пристроїв змушувало розробляти
візуальний дизайн ігор прискіпливо до кожного пікселя. З часом
технології прогресували тому і можливостей у розробників ігор стало
набагато більше, збільшилася кількість кольорів (з 256 до понад 16
мільйонів), але не дивлячись на прогрес, піксельний стиль полюбився
багатьом гравцям, тому стиль Pixel Art залишився та продовжив свій
розвиток. Особливо цим стилем почали користуватись інді розробники та художники.

Ovaj rad raspravlja o utjecaju Interneta na stavove studenata prema engleskome jeziku kao nestručnome kolegiju na tehničkome fakultetu kroz sljedeća pitanja: a) je li dominantnost engleskoga na Internetu osvijestila studente o nužnosti takvoga kolegija tijekom cijeloga studija, i b) pomažu li studentima postojeći oblici i sadržaji nastave engleskoga jezika u uporabi Interneta. Ključne riječi: Internet, engleski jezik (u struci) * Ivanka Ferčec, viši predavač, Elektrotehnički fakultet Osijek, Blaženka Šoštarić, lektor, Filozofski fakultet Osijek 1 "Another fear that teachers have is that computers will replace them. … Language learning is, however, a very human experience and human teachers will always be needed in the classroom." (Meloni 1998.), slično Garrett 1991., Dobrić 2002.

One of the most common difficulties an instructor faces during an introductory course in computer programming, is the lack of appropriate pedagogically efficient "tools" that will help his/her students understand fundamental notions of programming. Especially, complicated notions are, most of the times, only partially taught or left uncovered for a more advanced course. However, the use of modern technology and computers in education, programming included, is not confined only in computer science courses, but finds applications also in sciences like Math, Biology and Sociology. As a result, there has been also a demand for simpler and friendlier software environments that will provide the vehicle of knowledge dissemination for these sciences and, more generally, for education. Starlogo -introduced by Mitchell Resnick at MIT Media Laboratory -is an programming environment that simulates decentralized systems and provides an intuitive interface that can be used even by elementary school students to explore systems and worlds in which thousands of objects participate and interact with each other. Of course this same environment can be used for an introduction to programming and especially to massively parallel programming. In this paper we initially present a number of different approaches that have been used so far by instructors to improve the didactic experience of their students with the power of the Starlogo environment. Using the Starlogo environment, we also organized a series of experimental Starlogo courses. In this paper we present the way these courses were organized and some preliminary results of our experimental approach.

In this paper we investigate different methods and algorithms from artificial intelligence that can be used for achieving efficient path finding within games and virtual environments. Path finding is a computationally expensive problem that is solved by searching. We investigate ...

Human-computer interaction (HCI), especially in the games domain, targets to mimic as much as possible the natural human-to-human interaction, which is multimodal, involving speech, vision, haptic, etc. Furthermore, the domain of serious games, aiming to value-added games, makes use of additional inputs, such as biosensors, motion tracking equipment, etc. In this context, game development has become complex, expensive and burdened with a long development cycle. This creates barriers to independent game developers and inhibits the introduction of innovative games, or new game genres. In this paper the PlayMancer platform is introduced, a work in progress aiming to overcome such barriers by augmenting existing 3D game engines with innovative modes of interaction. Playmancer integrates open source existing systems, such as a game engine and a spoken dialog management system, extended by newly implemented components, supporting innovative interaction modalities, such as emotion recognition from audio data, motion tracking, etc, and advanced configuration tools.

As scholarly interest in video games continues to evolve, the intricate relationship between playtime, game development, and audience sentiment is gaining due attention. While the topical frame of playtime as a symptom of pathologic play (Chen et al., 2022, Li et al., 2022, Yildiz Durak et al., 2023) may be the most discussed perspective currently, there is emerging nuance in academic interest in playtime. Unique perspectives such as the valuation of time-based mechanics (slowmo, rewind, etc.) as introductions to temporal concepts (Stamenković and Jaćević 2015) and user experience frameworks that note play as a disruption to perceived time through flow theory (Nuyens et al. 2020), all create unique cornerstones of temporal perspectives and play. To contribute to these and other approaches of time in play, this study frames playtime as both a motivator for audience behaviour and as a category for game design with the potential to impact the commercial viability of video games. By collecting data from both user reviews and marketing blurbs on Steam, this exploratory study delves into playtime as a multifaceted element in shaping the presentation and reception of video games.

Understanding how video games function as digital playgrounds emphasises the value of critically inspecting players and how their experiences intersect with both material and immaterial concepts. While players interact with the digital arenas of video games to learn and play in a spatial context, a less considered element is the exposure to temporal concepts in game spaces. This article will provide an experimental typology to articulate how play intimately relates to temporal experiences through design, behaviour, and positioning in player lives. Alvarez Igarzábal identifies that video games are temporal artifacts that change with time (2019), yet they can also be seen to consume, motivate, and represent temporal values to and from the player. Three frames relating to the play of video games and temporal concepts will be introduced and extended upon; Game Time, Play Time, and Affected Time. While Game Time and Play Time have been used previously to describe temporal distinctions in video games, this article will broaden the historical definitions for a holistic typology.

When discussing time spent playing video games, concern and media panic often cloud the perspectives of both developers and players. To develop our understanding of factors that may influence this concern, we examined the presence of time-centric language across the marketing information of 1,000 popular games on Steam, identifying 315 games that communicate temporal aspects in their marketing. Using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, six themes were identified that communicate temporal aspects ranging from explicit play durations to temporal investment, legacy, and nostalgia. This study contributes to game studies and HCI by providing the first empirical, thematic analysis of time-centric language in video game marketing on Steam. By identifying six thematic patterns which reveal developer practices around temporal communication – while also exploring how such language can shape player motivations – this study opens a new avenue for understanding both developer priorities and player perceptions regarding time in games.

During neuropsychological testing, not all children show equal motivation. Because of this we have been assigned to gamify the complex chessboard task to make it more rewarding since children with a psychopathological disorder are less motivated from extrinsic rewards. These children find it very hard to think about their actions first before doing so and lose focus easily. [1] The purpose of the task is to assess the working memory of children and adolescents with ADHD and the gamified version intends to strengthen engagement to optimize the performance of the participants.

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Dublin Institute of Technology for the degree of M.Sc. in Computing (Knowledge Management DT217) September 2015 i I certify that this dissertation which I now submit for examination for the award of MSc in Computing (Knowledge Management), is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the test of my work. This dissertation was prepared according to the regulations for postgraduate study of the Dublin Institute of Technology and has not been submitted in whole or part for an award in any other Institute or University. The work reported on in this dissertation conforms to the principles and requirements of the Institute's guidelines for ethics in research.

Research on game development frameworks has been extensively conducted; however, most frameworks are still too general. Conventional game frameworks are challenging for students who are new to game development, especially with their limited information and skills. Beginner game developers should ideally be guided by a practical and specific framework to help them better understand the structure of game development in a more directed manner. This paper proposes platformer modular and agile framework (Platforma) that specifically designed for platformer game development. The framework is built based on the atomic design model, breaking down each minor feature of a platformer game element and grouping these features into more specific modules. The framework was tested on three teams of students. Each team was tasked with developing a platformer game with a minimum of 15 levels of the reach game goals typology. Testing results involving 100 respondents using the game experience questionnaire (GEQ) indicated that the games developed had a positive aspect score of 3.48 and a negative aspect score of 2.65. Overall, these results suggest that the Platforma can serve as an effective guide for beginners in developing platformer games.

This paper proposes a design pattern language applicable to mobile mixed reality games. While on the one hand the language covers direct game mechanics and therefore game design considerations, it also aims to provide similar for other aspects of mobile mixed reality games, namely authoring, content creation, interfaces, orchestration as well as testing and logging. Eleven patterns based on these aspects are described in more detail.

Mixed Reality games are becoming more and more popular these days and offer unique experiences to the players. However, development of such games typically still requires expert knowledge and access to Mixed Reality toolkits or frameworks. In this paper, we present the so-called Magic Lens Box that follows a different approach. Based on standard hardware The Magic Lens Box enables game designers with little technological background to create their own Mixed Reality games in a simple yet powerful fashion. We further outline the development process of the magic Lens Box, describe the conceptual model behind it and discuss three games that have been developed with our system. Evaluation of these games shows the viability of our approach, enabling the creation of a variety of rather different Mixed reality games while keeping the development process simple.

In a two-week residential game camp we used the Greenfoot IDE to teach java programming to rising 9 th and 10 th graders. Students created their own computer games which required learning how to write java programs, create a game design, and create art assets. In this paper we focus on the computer science pedagogy used and describe the initial design of an augmented game development framework for the Greenfoot environment. This framework includes classes for the following useful game elements: Animation, Projectiles, Side Scrolling Worlds, Text Boxes, Clocks and Timers. We describe these classes, discuss the effectiveness of each, and describe potential improvements to their implementation and design. We also report the results of a survey conducted during each of the camps.