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Gang Truces

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Gang truces refer to formal agreements between rival gangs to cease hostilities and violence, often aimed at reducing crime and fostering community safety. These truces can involve negotiations and are typically influenced by social, economic, and political factors within the communities affected by gang activity.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Gang truces refer to formal agreements between rival gangs to cease hostilities and violence, often aimed at reducing crime and fostering community safety. These truces can involve negotiations and are typically influenced by social, economic, and political factors within the communities affected by gang activity.

Key research themes

1. How do gang truces function as strategic social and political interventions to reduce intra- and inter-gang violence?

This theme focuses on the conditions, dynamics, and efficacy of gang truces as negotiated agreements aimed at reducing violence between rival gangs or factions. It examines how truces emerge in contexts of weak state capacity, high violence, and political contestation, exploring the interplay of government actors, gang leaderships, and intermediaries. Understanding this process is critical for developing pragmatic violence reduction strategies in urban and conflict-affected environments.

Key finding: This study identifies that national-level gang truces arise primarily in states characterized by significant weakness and corruption, where violent criminal groups pose serious threats to public security. The research reveals... Read more
Key finding: The paper uses field and securitisation theory to analyze the evolution and eventual collapse of the El Salvador gang truce initiated in 2012. It highlights that the success and failure of the truce depended on complex... Read more
Key finding: This working paper analyzes the emergence and unraveling of the El Salvador gang truce (2012-2013), emphasizing the political skepticism and power contestations that hampered its durability. It finds that initial acceptance... Read more
Key finding: Applying the Peace Triangle framework, this qualitative case study of the Salvadoran gang truce demonstrates that inadequate management of gangs’ criminal agendas transformed peace negotiations into damage control rather than... Read more
Key finding: This paper advances the concept of 'criminal spoilers' in peace negotiations and gang truces, showing that criminal groups may both obstruct and facilitate peace processes depending on inducements offered. It highlights that... Read more

2. What roles do symbolic violence and group identity play in gang cohesion and the negotiation of membership and status within gangs?

This theme investigates the socio-symbolic and emotional dimensions of gang life, focusing on how violence—especially during initiation rites—and identity construction reinforce group solidarity, loyalty, and status hierarchies within gangs. It explores the performative functions of violence and the signaling processes that gangs and prospects utilize to sustain internal cohesion and delineate boundaries amid hostile and dynamic neighborhoods.

Key finding: Using theories from sociology and anthropology, this article delineates how violent gang initiation rites serve as social performances that create, maintain, and communicate social capital within gangs. Violent ordeals are... Read more
Key finding: Drawing on signaling theory and ethnographic data from London gangs, this article reveals that gangs resolve trust dilemmas during recruitment by seeking 'hard-to-fake' signals of recruit quality and loyalty, such as... Read more
Key finding: This article highlights how emotions, specifically the transformation of shame into pride, function as a central mechanism underpinning youth gang participation. It shows that gangs cultivate loyalty and esprit de corps... Read more
Key finding: The study establishes links between gang-related behaviors among prisoners—including bullying—and mechanisms of moral disengagement that facilitate participation in prison gang activities. It suggests that social identity and... Read more
Key finding: This conceptual paper examines how gang membership histories impact participation within democratic therapeutic communities (DTCs) in prisons. It highlights that the group dynamics, loyalty, and power structures developed in... Read more

3. How do gang dynamics intersect with territoriality, economic competition, and inter-group boundaries to influence violence and the possibility of peaceful coexistence?

This theme addresses the spatial, economic, and social factors underpinning gang violence and truces, including territorial control over neighborhoods and drug markets, inter-gang competition, and the negotiation of boundaries. It emphasizes how shared identities or master statuses (e.g., as co-residents) can mediate violence, and how economic imperatives like drug trafficking both fuel conflict and create incentives for non-violent coexistence or negotiated truces.

Key finding: Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Toronto's Regent Park, this article finds that intra-neighborhood emergence of rival gangs did not incite expected territorial violence because gangs shared a master status as residents,... Read more
Key finding: This article traces the historical evolution of street gangs' integration into the illegal drug economy in North America, emphasizing how the War on Drugs and the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s transformed gangs from... Read more
Key finding: Utilizing network analysis of gang violence in Los Angeles during phases of civil gang injunction (CGI) implementation, this study uncovers that CGIs corresponded with increased complexity and density of inter-gang violent... Read more
Key finding: Critically assessing prevailing gang theories dominated by social reproductionist views, this article advocates reintroducing resistance as a distinct analytic frame to better understand gangs. It argues that beyond... Read more
Key finding: This qualitative study explores how youth gang membership within the UN Protection of Civilians site in Bentiu, South Sudan, provided displaced youth with protection, identity, and a route out of 'waithood'—a transitional... Read more

All papers in Gang Truces

The weaponization of the state of emergency follows the progressive closure of El Salvador’s civic space. Bukele’s regime has severely restricted access to public information, making it difficult for reporters and transparency activists... more
La violencia en México es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial que ha marcado la vida social, política y económica del país durante las últimas décadas. Sus raíces se encuentran en la desigualdad social, la corrupción institucional y la... more
La violencia en México es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial que ha marcado la vida social, política y económica del país durante las últimas décadas. Sus raíces se encuentran en la desigualdad social, la corrupción institucional y la... more
Salvadoran president Nayib Bukele will extend the state of exception that has earned the country the world’s highest incarceration rate. Gang violence has been traded for arbitrary arrest and detention — with working-class people bearing... more
Earlier this month, the State Department released its annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, which provide nation-by-nation human rights analysis about the previous year. Such reports often reveal political compromises-but,... more
Desde 2019, con la llegada de Nayib Bukele a la presidencia, se han producido cambios relevantes en el sistema de partidos, el régimen político y en las dinámicas de la cultura política. El presente artículo da cuenta de una investigación... more
As authoritarianism surges globally, understanding why some democracies die while others survive gains significant relevance. This article challenges the notion that political culture plays a minor role in the survival of democracy by... more
Libro que muestra algunas perspectivas en torno a la seguridad pública en el Estado de México.
A finales de siglo XX, se entra en una era de la información en la cual se desarrollan indicadores para medir la actividad humana. Uno de los instrumentos para este fin son los observatorios, y los hay para medir actividad económica,... more
El presente artículo es parte de la tesis titulada "La importancia del lugar, el lugar de procedencia de las personas privadas de libertad y políticas públicas. Caso CEDRyS del municipio de Las Heras, Mendoza", producto de una larga... more