Historic environment

The upper Mersey valley, largely within the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA), represents deep affection, sense of place, and a sense of history for local communities. With World Heritage declaration, these people were 'locked out' and left out of decision-making. This paper covers two approaches to these problems: an upper Mersey cultural values study, and recent Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service responses that changed TWWHA planning prescriptions and the culture of management. First, the upper Mersey study incorporated important variations from Australian Heritage Commission methods for: social and aesthetic values assessment. The differences are explained in terms of doing fulljustice to local values and place perceptions (and historical values). Secondly, the paper analyses the TWWHAs two management plans (1992, 1999) and finds a major turnaround in accepting cultural values. Tasmania's parks are beginning to recognise an expanded mandate, shifting the focus from the exclusively natural. Important questions remain, however, about how cultural values will be understood, valued, and integrated into the management of the State s large-scale natural areas In the past, mountains were a place apart, valuec for their special resources but away from dwelling places. This place, the upper Mersey Valley, is one such example where people's experiences, work and endeavour in the mountains created special and ongoing attachments. It is also a place where new reserve boundaries and the 1WWHA have affectec nearby communities. Through the initiative of Jim Russell and Simon Cubit, a project was developed to explore the cultural associations of the upper Mersey Valley. This valley is located high within and adjoining Tasmania's Central Plateau. The project received funding from the National Estate Grants Program. Its primary purpose was to assess the cultural values of the upper Mersey using methods derived from those used throughout Australia in the Australian Heritage Commission's regional assessment of forested areas (e.g. Australian Heritage Commission & Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Victoria, 1994), but with the aim of closely involving the community in understanding values and assessing significance. The methods used in the regional assessments involved community heritage workshops to provide information on

İnsanlığın ortak değer olarak kabul edilen Tarihi Çevreler somut ve somut olmayan kültürel miras ürünleri ile bir bütün olarak anlam ifade etmektedir [1]. Bu çevrelerin korunması, sürdürülerek yaşatılması ve yeniden miras bırakılması için arayışlar mimarlık disiplininde önemli bir gündem oluşturmaktadır. Tarihi bir yerleşimi kentsel ölçekten başlayarak yapı ve detay ölçeğine kadar incelemek, bu alanlara dair duyarlılık seviyesinin bir göstergesidir. Bu bilinçle eski yerleşimler etrafındaki yeni binaların kent siluetinde neden olduğu değişimler incelemeye değer bir konudur. Türkiye’de kentsel ölçekte korunan ilk yer Safranbolu’dur [2]. 1975’te başlayan koruma çalışmaları Safranbolu’nun 1994’te Dünya Miras Kenti ilan edilmesiyle ile hız kazanmış, çok sayıda yapının bakım-onarımı yapılmıştır. Diğer yandan kentsel sitler etrafında yeni yerleşimler inşa edilmiş ve kent günümüzdeki halini almıştır. Ancak son yıllarda kentteki hızlı yapılaşma, tarihi alanların kültürel sürdürülebilirliğini olumsuz etkileyen binalarla çevrelenmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Safranbolu kentsel sitleri etrafına tanımlanmış etkileme geçiş alanındaki yeni yapılaşmalar Tarihi Çevrelerde Tasarım İlkeleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Geleneksel evlere benzeyen yeni binalardaki mimari unsurlar sınıflandırılmış ve tablolar oluşturularak değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.  Böylece tarihi çevrede yeni yapı inşası ve tarihi bağlam ilişkisinin Safranbolu ölçeğinde evrildiği mimari dile dikkat çekmek ve koruma aktörlerini yeniden düşünmeye sevk etmek amaçlanmıştır. Koruma çalışmaları bakımından örnek bir kent olan Safranbolu’nun yeni yerleşim alanları ile birlikte bütüncül bir yaklaşımla planlanmasının kentin kültürel değerine olumlu katkı sağlayacağı belirtilmiştir.

In 2011, Operation Nightingale was established to promote archaeology as a means to support the wellbeing and recovery of serving military personnel and veterans. Since then, the number of opportunities for participation has increased enormously. This article seeks to contextualise the current landscape of 'rehabilitation archaeology' for military personnel and veterans, through the presentation of data from the largest service evaluation to be based on standardised psychological measures undertaken to date. The results demonstrate improvements in wellbeing among veterans participating in fieldwork in 2018, including a reduction in the occurrence of anxiety, depression and feelings of isolation, and a greater sense of being valued.

It is obvious that of all the language skills that children develop, listening is the one
developed earliest and practised most frequently. As much as 80 percent of the information
learners obtain is the result of listening, yet listening has suffered much neglect, and taught
least often in the classroom and had been referred to as the neglected or forgotten language
art, in spite of the benefits that can accrue from it. Where listening and speaking are taught,
both skills are viewed and taught as a different discrete skills. However, 1980s and 1990s
have witnessed a paradigm improvement in the teaching of listening and speaking skills with
the integration of both listening and speaking skills as one communicative process called oral
communication or oral language. This paper examined the concept of listening skill, its
development as interactive and communicative processes in children, the benefits that both
listening and speaking skills have on children’s language, intellectual, social, academic and
emotional development. Problems militating against development of listening skill were also
identified and suggestions on how to help children develop their oral communication were
made.

Today the quality of townscape, in the realm of renovation and restoration of deteriorated areas, is generally disregarded. These areas are mostly located in city centers. However, the low quality of townscape itself could be included among the elements of area deterioration and results in mental pressure and diminishing civic pride among the citizens. Concerning deteriorated area of commercial center of Ilam city as a case sample, in this article, firstly through library studies, the importance and elements of scape quality are determined. Then, applying field observations, it comparatively investigates the case sample and theoretical principles. Finally, after determination of site quality problems, useful suggestions are given in order to improve the quality of public space in Ilam center. Based on the fact that most of deteriorated area in Ilam center has not been organized yet, these suggestions could be highly influential in future improvements of spaces quality in Ilam center.

History matters. It helps us understand where we have come from, where we are now and how we might choose to move forward. Landscape also matters, but the past is often presented as something separate from everyday life and the landscapes in which we live and work today. This research examines the official discourse of landscape in Scotland in order to

The excavation in 2007 of a cemetery of the Hellenistic times (from the end of the 4th century BC) in the wider region
of Piraeus (the biggest harbor of Greece), brought to light 93 graves and 88 skeletons the remains of which were macroscopically
studied from the anthropological point of view. The study demonstrated - among other pathological findings - a high rate of porotic
hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia (47,8%), both these lesions being possibly connected (besides other factors), with the infectious
disease of malaria. This fact (viewed within an ecological frame) motivated the theoretical approach of the particular characteristics
of the environment of Piraeus, that may have been determining factors for malaria in antiquity; apart from the existence of a vast
marshy area in ancient Piraeus (Alipedon), there also were other equally aggravating natural factors for the dispersal of the disease:
the lack of running water or the repeatedly overflowing Kifissos river along with the transformation of the coastline, to mention but
a few. Among the anthropogenic factors associated with the occurrence of the disease, are included the Long Walls - that major defensive
work stretching between Athens and Piraeus -, the methods of cultivation in that time, as well as the role of the Harbor itself.

This study investigated the nature o f knowledge co-construction between more and less competent children who are often paired as learning partners in Zimbabwean infant classes. A sample o f thirty-six (36) pairs o f children in the six to eight year age range from infant classes participated in the study. The data were collected using the Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories coding system and were analysed and interpreted through simple descriptive statistics. Overall, the study established that more able partners tended to m onopolise the performance o f tasks while the less competent partners passively followed what they were instructed to do. The interactive patterns between sets o f children showed that bright children tended to tell answers to and work out problems for their less able partners instead o f mediating for their partners'difficulties. In turn, the strategies for less able partners included following instructions without question and sometimes giving no responses due to lack o f clarity o f concepts or demands from their more able partners. The conclusion o f the study was that although the young partners may be competent, they may not have efficient co-construction skills which are a core demand in Vygotsky's co-construction paradigm. The idea o f using bright children as teachers for the less competent ones in the infant class, under the assumption that they would co-construct knowledge may be questionable.

This study explores the integration of UAS-based multispectral remote sensing and targeted agricultural practises to improve cropmark detection in buried archaeological contexts. The research focuses on the Vignale plateau, part of the pre-Roman city of Falerii (Viterbo, Italy), where traditional remote sensing methods face challenges due to complex environmental and archaeological conditions. As part of the Falerii Project at Sapienza Università di Roma, a field was cultivated with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), selected for its characteristics, enabling a controlled experiment to maximise cropmark visibility. The project employed high-density sowing, natural cultivation practises, and monitoring through a weather station and multispectral imaging to observe crop growth and detect anomalies. The results demonstrated enhanced crop uniformity, facilitating the identification and differentiation of cropmarks. Environmental factors, particularly rainfall and temperature, were shown to significantly influence crop development and cropmark formation. This interdisciplinary approach also engaged local stakeholders, including students from the Istituto Agrario Midossi, fostering educational opportunities and community involvement. The study highlights how tailored agricultural strategies, combined with advanced remote sensing technologies, can significantly improve the precision and efficiency of non-invasive archaeological investigations. These findings suggest potential developments for refining the methodology, offering a sustainable and integrative model for future research.

Objectives: Combining research from infant and child development, public health, anthropology, and history, this research examines the relationship between growth, growth disruption, and skeletal indicators of chronic and/or episodic physiological stress (stress) among juvenile individuals (n = 60) interred at the late antique infant and child cemetery at Poggio Gramignano (PG) (ca. 5th century CE), associated with a rural agricultural community.
Materials and methods: Growth disruption—evidenced by decreased long bone length compared to dental age—and stress experience—evidenced by skeletal stress indicators—within these individuals are compared to those within juveniles from a comparative sample (n = 66) from two urban Roman-era cemeteries, Villa Rustica (VR) (0–250 CE) and Tragurium City Necropolis (TCN) (0–700 CE).
Results: Results indicate that individuals from PG had significantly smaller femoral lengths-for-age than those from VR and TCN; however, the frequency of skeletal stress indicators was higher among juveniles from VR and TCN.
Discussion: These differences in growth and stress experience are likely related to the different biosocial and ecological environments present in these two regions. For the community at PG, internal and external violent conflicts, as well as social, political, and economic turmoil, and subsistence shortages, endemic and epidemic infectious disease, nutritional deficiencies, and inherited or acquired anemia may have synergized to create chronically and/or episodically deleterious conditions for its juveniles.

Although the traditional Turkish house sustained its existence for centuries, it has been abandoned over time due to various reasons, both in rural settlements and cities. It is seen that the studies on the legal protection of such housing culture, which lasted for hundreds of years, merely began to be conducted by the second half of the 20th century in Turkey. In this regard, the documentation of cultural heritage buildings is one of the most basic data for conservation works. This study aims to determine the circumstance of Row Houses, which is located in the historical city center of Adana and constitutes the original instances of the traditional Turkish House, using the data that can be obtained from various persons and institutions from the past to the present. In the first phase, a comprehensive documentation study of the past is conducted. The transformation of Row Houses in the context of its relationship with its surroundings was also examined within the documentation study. The study is carried out by compiling and assessing old and current photographs, measurement statements, and restoration projects on different dates. In the second phase, the situation of 5 different terraced mansions, which are located in Adana Seyhan Kayalıbağ District lot number 249 within the study area, is interpreted according to the historical process. As a result of the examination, prominent changes were determined in the whole of the mansions, and it was revealed that these were primarily realized in the ground floor plan schemes and in the relationship established with the street. As a result of the examination, prominent changes were determined in the whole of the mansions, and it was revealed that these were primarily realized in the ground floor plan schemes and in the relationship established with the street. However, the conservation works for the mansions were carried out not with a holistic perspective, but within a building-based manner, both constituted a challenge for the documentation work and caused the Sıra Mansions to exist in a way that is far from holistic today.

YAPILANDIRMACI COĞRAFYA ÖĞRETĠMĠNDE HALK KÜLTÜRÜNE DAYALI BĠR DURUM ÇALIġMASI ÖZET Coğrafya, dünyanın fiziki ve kültürel boyutlarını bütünleştirerek inceleyen bir bilimdir. Coğrafyanın amaçlarından biri, yerel ve evrensel düzeyde yaşam tarzlarına, kültürel çeşitliliğe etki eden etmenlere farkındalık geliştirmektir. Bu araştırmada yapılandırmacı Coğrafya öğretiminde halk kültüründen yararlanılmasının öğretmen adaylarının öğrenmelerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 40 öğretmen adayının katıldığı araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeyle toplanan veriler, içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Gözlem kayıtları, görüşme verilerini desteklemek için kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta halk kültürünün kültürel farkındalık yaratma, dikkati toplayarak güdüleme, zevkli ve kalıcı öğrenme, model alma kapsamında yapılandırmacı Coğrafya öğretimine katkı getirerek öğretmen adaylarının öğrenmelerini olumlu yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır.

The future of heritage buildings is seriously endangered due to rapid development, particularly in urban areas. Hence, identifying a heritage curtilage is essential to protect heritage items from future and uncontrolled development. Curtilage helps to safeguard all elements contributing to the heritage significance, conservation, and interpretation of a heritage item. This paper highlights the crucial importance of preserving the building and its curtilage situated along Leboh Ampang and Jalan Ampang, thereby ensuring the comprehensive conservation of the building and its immediate surroundings. Employing a mixed-methods approach, involving qualitative site observations and a quantitative survey through questionnaires, this study aligns with the New South Wales (NSW) Heritage Curtilages Guidelines to explore the curtilage of nineteen selected heritage buildings as proposed by Kuala Lumpur City Hall (KLCH) along Leboh Ampang and Jalan Ampang. The research findings exemplify the practical application of General Principles to heritage trail buildings, thereby enhancing recognition and emphasis on the paramount significance of conserving the buildings and their associated curtilage.

A walkover survey was undertaken by Bolsterstone Archaeology and Heritage Group at Burbage Moor, Sheffield, South Yorkshire between October and December 2023 to systematically map and record surviving examples of prehistoric rock-art. Twenty eight panels of poorly preserved simple rock-art motifs were recorded that were carved on an arc of boulders and outcropping bedrock ridges. The distribution of the panels in relation to their environmental and archaeological context indicates that panels were deliberately chosen to mark that framed and had views over a localised wetland plateau where springs rise that feed into the nearby River Sheaf. The locale was a scene of activity during the Early Mesolithic and the plateau is close to but elevated above an area of demonstrable activity during the Early Bronze Age. One concentration of panels appears to have a spatial relationship with a small ledge-like area between breaks of slope where a later possible cairn is situated.

The development of the Qatar National Historic Environment Record (QNHER) by the Qatar Museums Authority and the University of Birmingham in 2008 was based on a customised, bilingual Access database and ArcGIS. While both platforms are stable and well supported, neither was designed for the documentation and retrieval of cultural heritage data. As a result it was decided to develop a custom application using Open Source code. The core module of this application is now completed and is orientated towards the storage and retrieval of geospatial heritage data for the curation of heritage assets. Based on MIDAS Heritage data standards and regionally relevant thesauri, it is a truly bilingual system. Significant attention has been paid to the user interface, which is userfriendly and intuitive. Based on a suite of web services and accessed through a web browser, the system makes full use of internet resources such as Google Maps and Bing Maps. The application avoids long term vendor "tie-ins", and as a fully integrated data management system, is now an important tool for both cultural resource managers and heritage researchers in Qatar.

This report presents the results and findings of the first phase of the
Forestry Commission’s Tree Roots and Archaeology project. The project
phase was a collaboration between Oxford Archaeology (OA) and the
Forestry Commission, funded by the Nature for Climate Fund.
The Phase 1 study aimed to investigate heritage and forestry professionals’
preconceptions and practical experiences of the relationship between
tree roots and archaeological remains. It coincides with the UK
government’s commitment to significantly increase woodland cover
across England to meet the net zero target and biodiversity goals
(Environment Act 2021), which will raise the incidence of tree planting in
areas of archaeological significance. In this context, and bearing in mind
the urgency of tackling the global environmental emergency, it is
essential that archaeologists and forestry professionals scrutinise their
current practices and priorities and build a strong evidence base to guide
new tree planting policies relating to the historic environment.
A range of sources were consulted in building this report, including
published research, online reports, data held in the Archaeology Data
Service (ADS) Library, and heritage and forestry practitioners themselves
(via questionnaires and interviews). The findings are summarised in the
main report chapters and illustrated with case studies.
The key findings are:
The current approaches to tree planting in areas of archaeological interest
are largely built on anecdotal evidence that derives from ‘worst case
scenarios’ where tree roots have damaged archaeology. This view has only
been reinforced by the lack of specific detailed field-based research.
Direct investigations of the relationship between tree roots and
archaeology are rare. Where these have been undertaken, the findings are
complex. The character of the relationship between tree roots and
archaeology, including the degree of damage caused, depends on a
range of context specific factors and the type of archaeological remains.
There is clear evidence that tree roots do sometimes damage archaeology
by displacing and diminishing the preservation of artefacts and ecofacts,
blurring stratigraphic relationships, altering the soil matrix and burial
environment and making areas inaccessible for further archaeological
study. These impacts are primarily localised and unlikely to negatively
affect the overall archaeological interpretation of the site.
The level of impact of new tree planting on archaeology needs to be
assessed on a case-by-case basis. Afforestation will not be appropriate on
all archaeological sites. However, it is likely that past approaches to tree
planting in areas of known archaeological interest have overplayed and
oversimplified the detrimental impacts of tree roots on archaeology.
Trees also contribute positively to archaeology by enhancing peoples’
experiences of archaeological sites, by facilitating the conservation of
upstanding earthworks (helping to stabilise slopes, prevent soil erosion,
and discourage anti-social behaviour), by curbing other more damaging
forms of land use (e.g. ploughing) and by preventing shrub/fern
establishment. In the past, woodland creation has incorporated many
archaeological sites and monuments within programmes of long-term
land management and these have often been shown to be better
preserved than archaeological remains under different land uses or
management schemes.
Approaches to tree planting in areas of known archaeological interest are
already changing. New ‘sensitivity mapping’ methods incorporating
Historic Environment Record (HER) and LiDAR data are being developed,
which will help practitioners to identify the location of archaeological
features and to determine their broad significance (Last and Kidd 2023).
The concept of ‘adaptive release’ – the idea that, in undertaking urgent
nature restoration measures, it is sometimes necessary to manage
positively the dynamic transformation of heritage assets rather than to
stick fixedly to outdated conservation measures built on a thin evidence
base (DeSilvey et al. 2021) – presents a useful working framework for
developing future policies for tree planting in areas of archaeological
interest.
Overall, the presence of archaeology should not be seen as a prohibitive
block to new tree planting schemes. In the right areas, and with the right
planting regimes, it can be seen as a positive step in helping to protect
archaeological sites, whilst contributing to valuable biodiversity, carbon
capture and environmental goals. However, archaeology should be
considered and balanced alongside other ecological and environmental
factors, ideally on a site-by-site basis.

This study explores the level of environmental awareness among geography teachers in public schools in Diyarbakır, Turkey and examines geography teachers' role in raising environmental consciousness. The study first provides an overview of previous studies on environmental education in Turkey and the world. It then presents the results of a survey administered to geography teachers in December, 2005. The survey results show that teachers generally lack skills and knowledge in raising environmental awareness. However, the results also indicate that teachers are aware of this fact and are willing to improve their skills and knowledge. This study is the first of its kind in Turkey and we hope that it will trigger further studies, which may help to form new perspectives and policies to raise awareness and responsibility towards environment.

Bu araştırmada, sosyal bilgiler dersinin "Üretim, Dağıtım ve Tüketim" öğrenme alanı kazanımlarıyla ilişkili olarak düzenlenen geziler ile ilgili ortaokul 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin görüşleri alınmış ve böylece gezilerin sosyal bilgiler öğretimindeki katkısı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma nitel durum çalışması olup veriler görüşme ve doküman incelemesi teknikleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Kütahya-Merkez ilçedeki bir ortaokulun 6.sınıfına devam eden 28 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, öğrencilerle sosyal bilgiler dersi "Üretim, Dağıtım ve Tüketim" öğrenme alanındaki kazanımlarla ilişkilendirme yapılarak gerçek dünya bağlamlarına geziler düzenlenmiştir. Öğrencilerden gezilerdeki gözlemlerini günlüklerine yansıtmaları istenmiştir. Ayrıca ünite bitiminde tüm öğrencilerle yarıyapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Sürecin sonunda dersin kazanımlarıyla ilişkili olarak düzenlenen gezilerin, öğrencilere okul ile gerçek yaşam arasında bağ kurmalarına olanak tanıdığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin, geziler sayesinde okul öğrenmelerinin gerçek dünya bağlamındaki karşılıklarını görme imkânı buldukları, uzman kişiler ile bir araya gelerek birincil kaynaklardan bilgi edinme fırsatı yakaladıkları ve böylece sınıf ortamında elde edemeyecekleri bilgi, beceri ve deneyimleri geziler sırasında gerçek dünya bağlamlarında edinme imkânı buldukları anlaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, eğitimcilere ders kazanımlarıyla ilişkilendirmeler yaparak uygunluk, ekonomiklik ve öğrenci faydası göz önüne alınmak suretiyle geziler düzenlemeleri tavsiye edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sosyal bilgiler eğitimi, okul dışı faaliyet, gezi ve gözlem.

Adaptation: modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use (Burra Charter 1.9). Adaptation is appropriate where no other option can be applied and where such work does not detract from the cultural significance of the place. Area of State Significance: The current boundary of state heritage listed area, within the Esplanade recreation area, running parallel to block bounded by Aplin, Florence, Abbott Sts and The Esplanade. Excludes The Memorial Walk. Includes approximately 130 m of the Esplanade recreational area that contains no elements of the Cairns Cenotaph Heritage Precinct. Cairns Cenotaph: The memorial structure that was built to commemorate the lives lost during WW1. Cairns War Memorial: The memorial, including plinth, memorial clock and soldier statue which has state heritage values. It includes the area that contains memorials. Includes palm trees and other landscaping, the Cairns Cenotaph Memorial, 1889 5" breech gun and other gun, other memorials and The Memorial Walk with plaques and sculpture. Compatible use: a use which respects the cultural significance of a place and involves no, or minimal impact on cultural significance (Burra Charter 1.11). Conservation: all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance. It includes maintenance and may ... include preservation, restoration, reconstruction and adaptation (Burra Charter 1.4).

Is Architecture a vulnerable practice, anchored in the specific place and time of its birth? Are decay, change, abuse, and mutation inevitable conditions that wear architecture down? Why do we find the remnants of an old structure attractive? What is compatible with the existing fabric? On what terms can abandoned architectural structures be regenerated without sacrificing their values and their tangible and intangible dimensions? What is the impact of an intervention on the existing site and its wider context? These key questions dominate the contemporary discourse on the conservation and management of the building stock. This book addresses the issue of ReStart, i.e., restarting the life of existing architectural sites. Through the analysis of a set of 100 cases, it traces and highlights RestArt, i.e., the remaining timeless value of art, in each of the structures studied. The book's three-part structure explores the issue of the “ReStart to RestArt” succession, through the lens of theory, methodology, and applications. Firstly, it acknowledges that the issues of architectural conservation and intervention are social constructs and, therefore, dynamic, influenced by social developments. It then outlines a methodology that considers research and understanding of the characteristics of the existing built environment as a necessary condition for its redesign and reappropriation. Finally, through the presentation of numerous case studies of transformed structures, it reveals that the process of redesign knows no spatial boundaries, while it pertains to every scale, use, and construction.

In the fourth chapter we develop a discussion on the topic of reusing abandoned shipyards. Our intention is the recognition of the value of remaining structures, as well as the evaluation of the architectural interventions, in relation to the memories of the place. We focus on the analysis of six emblematic historic shipyards, which in the past played an important role not only in the prosperity of the city they belong, but also in the world's maritime history. The analyzed projects constitute a sample of revealing cases, because they concern shipbuilding infrastructures spanning a millennium, highlighting the common remaining characteristics of the shipyards, but also the differences and developments determined over time. We present the uniqueness and variety of shipbuilding facilities, as well as the conditions for their conservation and reuse, so as they pass on their values to future generations.

In the first chapter, the aim is to introduce the reader into maritime life and maritime culture that developed the shipyard. We examine aspects of maritime culture such as: nautical terminology, navigation routes, ships, launching ceremonies, the adventures of Greek shipping and shipbuilding. We present the subjects in reference to navigation, maritime networks, commercial relations and exchanges, the transportation of products, goods and works of art, developments in the construction technology of the vessels. For this, we refer to written sources, shipwreck findings, related poetry and myths, iconography of wall paintings or ceramic vases.

It has been exactly 40 years since the publication of one of the earliest ARC issues: Volume 2:1 Archaeology and the Public (1983), emerged from a Theoretical Archaeology Group conference put on by Mike Parker Pearson and others in 1982. Our publication likewise has strong theoretical underpinnings. Archaeology as a discipline has never been more concerned with its positionality within public discourses and its relativity to different segments of the publics. This is because the Information Age has brought with it new challenges with respect to what defines public spaces and who are accepted as authorities in these spaces (Stephens et al 2023). By pluralising the ‘public’ in our volume title, Archaeology and the PublicS, we hope to demonstrate and highlight the multivocality and diversity inherent in the public – and the opportunities and challenges that come with this diversity.

It has been exactly 40 years since the publication of one of the earliest ARC issues: Volume 2:1 Archaeology and the Public (1983), emerged from a Theoretical Archaeology Group conference put on by Mike Parker Pearson and others in 1982. Our publication likewise has strong theoretical underpinnings. Archaeology as a discipline has never been more concerned with its positionality within public discourses and its relativity to different segments of the publics. This is because the Information Age has brought with it new challenges with respect to what defines public spaces and who are accepted as authorities in these spaces (Stephens et al 2023). By pluralising the 'public' in our volume title, Archaeology and the PublicS, we hope to demonstrate and highlight the multivocality and diversity inherent in the public-and the opportunities and challenges that come with this diversity.

This paper provides a preliminary outline of a case study in the exploration of social attachment to the Great Barrier Reef The case study was designed to inform a broader study on consultation processes and heritage management in relation to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park while at the same time furthering the research agenda of the CRC Reef's cultural heritage task. The paper presents the preliminary outcomes of a workshop held at Bowen to explore the cultural attachment of people to landscapes or places within the Bowen coastal landscape and seascape" The outcomes of the Bowen case study are used to draw preliminary conclusions about how well these values are identified and protected in the current management processes. In addition the implications for current and future management of the Great Barrier Reef WHA and Marine Park are outlined. This project has been carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Centre for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (incorporated as CRC Reef Research Centre Ltd and abbreviated as CRC Reef in this report). CRC Reef is a knowledge-based partnership of coral reef managers, researchers and industry. CRC Reef provides research solutions to protect, conserve and restore the world's coral reefs by ensuring industries and management are sustainable and that ecosystem quality is maintained. The CRC Reef Research Centre was established and is supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centre Program (IN\I\IW.reef.crc.org.au).

This paper provides a preliminary outline of a case study in the exploration of social attachment to the Great Barrier Reef. The case study was designed to inform a broader study on consultation processes and heritage management in relation to the Great Barrier Reef ...

This paper provides a preliminary outline of a case study in the exploration of social attachment to the Great Barrier Reef The case study was designed to inform a broader study on consultation processes and heritage management in relation to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park while at the same time furthering the research agenda of the CRC Reef's cultural heritage task. The paper presents the preliminary outcomes of a workshop held at Bowen to explore the cultural attachment of people to landscapes or places within the Bowen coastal landscape and seascape" The outcomes of the Bowen case study are used to draw preliminary conclusions about how well these values are identified and protected in the current management processes. In addition the implications for current and future management of the Great Barrier Reef WHA and Marine Park are outlined. This project has been carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Centre for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (incorporated as CRC Reef Research Centre Ltd and abbreviated as CRC Reef in this report). CRC Reef is a knowledge-based partnership of coral reef managers, researchers and industry. CRC Reef provides research solutions to protect, conserve and restore the world's coral reefs by ensuring industries and management are sustainable and that ecosystem quality is maintained. The CRC Reef Research Centre was established and is supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centre Program (IN\I\IW.reef.crc.org.au).

Historical settlements, which are integral parts of the cultural heritage, should be documented and evaluated with their local characteristics. The aim of this study is to document, analyze and evaluate the architectural, environmental and social characteristics of an urban settlement called Değirmendağı District, which has a historical background beginning with the Roman period to the present, in the center of metropolitan city of İzmir, on the Aegean coast of Turkey. The settlement is one of the earliest that was planned by local administration in İzmir and contributes to the İzmir silhouette with its location on a steep hillside in the township of Konak. Documentation methods used are sketches, photography and architectural and social questionnaires. Inventory cards were prepared to collect architectural characteristics of each building and the social questionnaires were comprised of socioeconomic characteristics of the settlers. Data gathered at the site was analyzed and evaluated to develop a conservation approach, including historical review of the ancient era. Since the area is easily accessible and close to city center, the area becomes attractive. It has the advantage of the vista based on its inclined topography and grid-planned scheme. Değirmendağı District is a special area requiring special conservation within the city of İzmir. However, historical pattern has changed through the years because of changing lifestyle. The area, which is one of the most important and valuable districts in İzmir considering its history, location, and architectural characteristics should be integrated with the city and citizens. This study documents the present potentials and values of the area and forms a basis to prepare conservation approaches.

Historical environments function as repositories of a metropolis's social, economic, cultural, physical, and architectural history. But, they are now not static; they evolve in response to adjustments in society, technology, and existence. Creation of recent buildings inside historical contexts is a mirrored image of these modifications. Even as some new constructions may be designed to harmonize with the features and aesthetics of their environment, others would possibly lack attention for the historic context, ensuing in incongruity. Integrating new buildings into historic environments raises critical concern. One sizable aspect is the interplay among new and historic structures. Balancing the need for conservation with the force for innovation and development is crucial. This balance aims to create new structures that appreciate and decorate the historical environment even as taking into account new architectural expression and capability. Ensuring that new buildings complement instead of detract from the historical environment's identity and values is paramount. Namik Kemal square, located in Northern Cyprus, represents a unique historical and cultural amalgamation styles by using diverse ancient durations and socio-political affects. The square character is defined by means of the imprint of various civilizations and administrative eras, each leaving distinct social, bodily, and useful imprints. The structuring of this research incorporates diverse headings so that it will help in supplying a systematic and comprehensive exploration of the assessment. The square case studies are from the 360 view of the square and are categorize in to 2 sections: Historic and The New buildings.The simple thoughts that form the premise of this research have been derived from latest works on the topic that are referred to in the literature evaluate. Additionally, facts are also collected from the selected case study area; records are collected in form of notes, pictures, and analyses of the plan, façade arrangements, constructing components, and materials, and many others. Key words: New Buildings, Historic Buildings, Historic Square, Namik Kemal Square, Old City Famagusta North Cyprus

Recently, many municipalities of historic cities in Turkey are working to preserve and revitalize their downtowns as they are significant touristic magnets. The city of Izmir also provides many attractions for both the citizens and the locals within its historical city center. Documenting the historical buildings in these areas is a prerequisite for taking the preservation decisions. In this study, we focus on the historic street façades in the city center prior to conservation decisions of street rehabilitation projects and we selected Necatibey Boulevard in Izmir in Turkey, which is situated in the urban retail core of the city, as the case study. We are all aware of the fact that façade intervention decisions taken independent from the building itself are inappropriate. In addition, ICOMOS underlines the importance of evaluating the historic buildings not only with their own style, scale and ornamentation, but also within their environmental context. It also emphasizes the importance of historical research in the conservation planning of a historic city. In other words, deciphering the timeline of a historical area has a priority in taking conservation decisions. In this frame, we proposed a methodological way of producing rectified image mosaic of a historic streetscape for visual analysis and deciphering its timeline in the context of close range digital photogrammetry. Amount of control points, light conditions of the photographs, planes at different depths, curvilinear surfaces and hidden areas are the critical points to be considered while producing rectified image mosaic of a historic streetscape with conservation aim. After the production of the rectified image mosaic, one should use mapping technique for visual analysis as rectified image mosaic is a sufficient underlay for it. Then, he/she should produce the historical timeline of the streetscape within the light of archive and historical research. The result descriptions give way for the better perception of architectural details, colors, textures and changes in time to the architectural restorers. Moreover, the production of digital image mosaics of the historic street façades are also important inputs for street rehabilitation projects, research studies on urban history and virtual environments in the context of cultural tourism.

The thesis provides a review of the history of the regulations and management of cultural assets at an international level and in three countries (Spain, France and the United Kingdom). The regulatory and management system of the study area is analyzed and its application on several case studies of different types of assets (built heritage, archaeological, underwater, intangible...) to consider possible defects and benefits of each system and its regulations.
The thesis continues with a recapitulation on the application of regulations in each country on the management of the different elements of the historic environment to point out the weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities of each system. It ends with a proposal for the organization of regulations and management of the historic environment to avoid defects in the analyzed systems.
Annexes are added to the work with the regulations applicable to the historic environment at an international level and in each of the three countries of the study area, as well as with the managing bodies of the historic environment and relevant vocabulary.

The Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences at UCL highlighted heritage
and conservation, the environment and biodiversity as key challenges
to be addressed as part of its Strategic Vision for 2019–29. Staff at
Archaeology South-East (ASE) are actively pursuing research into livestock and landscapes and how knowledge of past farming regimes has wider public benefit in terms of informing modern choices regarding
food production, sustainability and nature recovery. The author of the
present article has also engaged with conservation bodies on aspects of
historic grazing and current rewilding projects. This article is intended
as an introduction to the essential elements of this work, highlighting
how archaeologists and heritage professionals can contribute to debates
surrounding the future of our countryside. It draws on a previous blog
post as well as themes pursued for associated publication outputs.

Seen often like something from the past, bearing a certain, not always clear, significance and probably having a particular value, cultural heritage, in its tangible and intangible forms, is far from being considered an asset that local communities may benefit from. Therefore, the contribution of the cultural heritage to the sustainable development of the local communities is less relevant and expresses accurately the extent toward which individuals and institutions understand, value, care for and enjoy this heritage. Widening of the economic and social inequalities in many of the advanced and emerging economies led toward a different model of growth and development addressing and including the entire community aiming not only to improve the economic performance in terms of the gross domestic product, but also the standards of living of its members in terms of income, employment and overall quality of life. Paper presents the results of an exploratory assessment of the connections between the key indicators describing cultural heritage, sustainable development and inclusive growth, under a vision of marketing, in order to identify potential paths local communities may follow by learning the global lessons on how cultural heritage may support the sustainable development in order to ensure their inclusive growth.

Historical settlements, which are integral parts of the cultural heritage, should be documented and evaluated with their local characteristics. The aim of this study is to document, analyze and evaluate the architectural, environmental and social characteristics of an urban settlement called Değirmendağı District, which has a historical background beginning with the Roman period to the present, in the center of metropolitan city of İzmir, on the Aegean coast of Turkey. The settlement is one of the earliest that was planned by local administration in İzmir and contributes to the İzmir silhouette with its location on a steep hillside in the township of Konak. Documentation methods used are sketches, photography and architectural and social questionnaires. Inventory cards were prepared to collect architectural characteristics of each building and the social questionnaires were comprised of socioeconomic characteristics of the settlers. Data gathered at the site was analyzed and evaluated to develop a conservation approach, including historical review of the ancient era. Since the area is easily accessible and close to city center, the area becomes attractive. It has the advantage of the vista based on its inclined topography and grid-planned scheme. Değirmendağı District is a special area requiring special conservation within the city of İzmir. However, historical pattern has changed through the years because of changing lifestyle. The area, which is one of the most important and valuable districts in İzmir considering its history, location, and architectural characteristics should be integrated with the city and citizens. This study documents the present potentials and values of the area and forms a basis to prepare conservation approaches.

The phrase 'museums are safe spaces for unsafe ideas' (Gurian 2006b: 99) belies the reality that museums are often wary of discussing unsafe ideas, not to mention queer ideas which often fall under this classification. Yet the phrase follows from the aspiration that museums can do better - that they can be socially responsive and responsible, and that they can seek to include the diversity of the communities they serve. The three exhibitions discussed are moments where their host institutions provided safe harbour for unsafe ideas leading to queer inclusiveness but also to controversy: Mapplethorpe at the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth, in 1995; Becoming Visible at the Constitutional Museum, Adelaide, in 1982; and Prejudice and Pride at the Australian Museum, Sydney, in 1994. Controversy almost inevitably follows from unsafe and queer ideas, the issue becoming how to mediate rather than avoid it. The above museum moments together suggest directions for best museum a...

Forests are in the spotlight: they are expected to play a pivotal role in our response to society’s greatest challenges, such as the climate and biodiversity crises. Yet, the forests themselves, and the sector that manages them, face a range of interrelated threats and opportunities. Many of these are well understood, even if the solutions remain elusive. However, there are also emerging trends that are currently less widely appreciated. We report here the results of a horizon scan to identify developing issues likely to affect UK forest management within the next 50 years. These are issues that are presently under-recognized but have potential for significant impact across the sector and beyond. As the forest management sector naturally operates over long timescales, the importance of using good foresight is self-evident. We followed a tried-and-tested horizon scanning methodology involving a diverse Expert Panel to collate and prioritize a longlist of 180 issues. The top 15 issues...

Living on the edgewaterfront views Australia developed as a nation of coastal fringe dwellers even before the realisation in colonial times that there was no inland sea and the continent had a 'dead heart' of desert and scrub. The maritime character of the nation developed with the reliance on coastal seas for transport and trade during European settlement, through to the present day where the coast is the setting for most of Australia's population, industry, tourism and recreation. The geological history of the coast and its distinctive configuration, landforms and environmental regimes have produced a unique, highly diverse continental margin. In turn, the coast has profoundly influenced the pattern of settlement and development of Australia.

Bu araştırmada, sosyal bilgiler dersinin "Üretim, Dağıtım ve Tüketim" öğrenme alanı kazanımlarıyla ilişkili olarak düzenlenen geziler ile ilgili ortaokul 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin görüşleri alınmış ve böylece gezilerin sosyal bilgiler öğretimindeki katkısı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma nitel durum çalışması olup veriler görüşme ve doküman incelemesi teknikleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Kütahya-Merkez ilçedeki bir ortaokulun 6.sınıfına devam eden 28 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, öğrencilerle sosyal bilgiler dersi "Üretim, Dağıtım ve Tüketim" öğrenme alanındaki kazanımlarla ilişkilendirme yapılarak gerçek dünya bağlamlarına geziler düzenlenmiştir. Öğrencilerden gezilerdeki gözlemlerini günlüklerine yansıtmaları istenmiştir. Ayrıca ünite bitiminde tüm öğrencilerle yarıyapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Sürecin sonunda dersin kazanımlarıyla ilişkili olarak düzenlenen gezilerin, öğrencilere okul ile gerçek yaşam arasında bağ kurmalarına olanak tanıdığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin, geziler sayesinde okul öğrenmelerinin gerçek dünya bağlamındaki karşılıklarını görme imkânı buldukları, uzman kişiler ile bir araya gelerek birincil kaynaklardan bilgi edinme fırsatı yakaladıkları ve böylece sınıf ortamında elde edemeyecekleri bilgi, beceri ve deneyimleri geziler sırasında gerçek dünya bağlamlarında edinme imkânı buldukları anlaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, eğitimcilere ders kazanımlarıyla ilişkilendirmeler yaparak uygunluk, ekonomiklik ve öğrenci faydası göz önüne alınmak suretiyle geziler düzenlemeleri tavsiye edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sosyal bilgiler eğitimi, okul dışı faaliyet, gezi ve gözlem.

Bu araştırmada, sosyal bilgiler dersinin "Üretim, Dağıtım ve Tüketim" öğrenme alanı kazanımlarıyla ilişkili olarak düzenlenen geziler ile ilgili ortaokul 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin görüşleri alınmış ve böylece gezilerin sosyal bilgiler öğretimindeki katkısı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma nitel durum çalışması olup veriler görüşme ve doküman incelemesi teknikleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Kütahya-Merkez ilçedeki bir ortaokulun 6.sınıfına devam eden 28 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, öğrencilerle sosyal bilgiler dersi "Üretim, Dağıtım ve Tüketim" öğrenme alanındaki kazanımlarla ilişkilendirme yapılarak gerçek dünya bağlamlarına geziler düzenlenmiştir. Öğrencilerden gezilerdeki gözlemlerini günlüklerine yansıtmaları istenmiştir. Ayrıca ünite bitiminde tüm öğrencilerle yarıyapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Sürecin sonunda dersin kazanımlarıyla ilişkili olarak düzenlenen gezilerin, öğrencilere okul ile gerçek yaşam arasında bağ kurmalarına olanak tanıdığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin, geziler sayesinde okul öğrenmelerinin gerçek dünya bağlamındaki karşılıklarını görme imkânı buldukları, uzman kişiler ile bir araya gelerek birincil kaynaklardan bilgi edinme fırsatı yakaladıkları ve böylece sınıf ortamında elde edemeyecekleri bilgi, beceri ve deneyimleri geziler sırasında gerçek dünya bağlamlarında edinme imkânı buldukları anlaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, eğitimcilere ders kazanımlarıyla ilişkilendirmeler yaparak uygunluk, ekonomiklik ve öğrenci faydası göz önüne alınmak suretiyle geziler düzenlemeleri tavsiye edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Sosyal bilgiler eğitimi, okul dışı faaliyet, gezi ve gözlem.

Baskılar ve izinler: Yazarlar makalelerini USBED/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Dergisinde yayınladıktan sonra basılı olarak veya Birinci Baskı olarak çevrimiçi paylaşma iznine sahiptir. Öne Çıkanlar "Tarih Öğretimi" dergisi İngiltere'de 1969 yılından bu yana tarih eğitimi alanında uygulamada ve akademik anlamdaki dönüşümlere ışık tutan ve yön veren zengin bir yayın içeriğini barındırmaktadır.