Human-Environment Relations

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Békés County is the region with the fewest trees in Hungary, and trees therefore play a particularly significant role in both local identity and collective memory. We can see that certain trees fulfil functions similar to those of monuments. Due to climate change and other human-induced changes in the region, some trees have recently become endangered, begun to decline, or have disappeared altogether. Local government actors, as key local stakeholders, respond to these phenomena in ways that often reflect their institutional roles, yet at times take on distinctive, context-specific forms. In the initial phase of my research, which adopts a primarily cultural anthropological perspective and an interdisciplinary methodology, I examine the issues identified by local stakeholders and, in this paper, relate the cases of specific settlements to these issues. After presenting these practices, I use case studies to explore how the relationships among trees, local identity, spatial appropriation, and tourism may highlight the need to place greater emphasis on human-environmental research in local ecosystem studies in the future.

Establishing conservation management requires an understanding of local livelihoods, human-wildlife interactions, and community risk perceptions of wildlife, particularly in fragile landscapes with residing human populations. The Iona National Park in Angola is characterized by a harsh but unique arid environment and is home to seminomadic human residents. Due to the prolonged civil war, the park's management only resumed in the early 2000s. To understand the socio-ecological needs of such systems, we conducted semi-structured questionnaires with 356 respondents across all villages in the national park. We identified main livelihood strategies in Iona National Park as livestock production of goat and cattle, and cultivation of maize. Estimates of livestock biomass (8.42 kg ha -1 ) indicated severe overstocking. Seventeen wild mammal species were reported as threatening livelihoods, of which leopard and cheetah presented the highest risk for cattle; leopard, fox species, and caracal for goats; and porcupine and baboon for crops. The complexity of human-wildlife conflict was highlighted by contrasting perceptions of species abundance, perceived risk, and culprit species. The restoration of arid African landscapes may require the implementation of community-based natural resource management that is aligned with ecosystem carrying capacity. This study therefore provided new insights and baseline information for effective conservation management, both for the Iona National Park and for areas with a similar socio-environmental context.

ITA: L’articolo propone un’intervista immaginaria al Vesuvio, costruita come dispositivo narrativo e antropologico per riflettere sugli incendi che hanno colpito il vulcano nell’agosto 2025. Attraverso la personificazione del Vesuvio, emerge una critica alla gestione ambientale, all’abbandono e alla responsabilità umana, ribaltando la tradizionale rappresentazione del vulcano come minaccia. Il Vesuvio appare invece come entità vulnerabile, che chiede cura, manutenzione e ascolto, sottolineando l’interdipendenza tra ambiente e comunità umane.
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ENG: The article presents an imaginary interview with Mount Vesuvius, conceived as a narrative and anthropological device to reflect on the wildfires that affected the volcano in August 2025. Through personification, the text articulates a critique of environmental mismanagement, neglect, and human responsibility, overturning the conventional view of the volcano as a threat. Instead, Vesuvius emerges as a vulnerable entity that calls for care, maintenance, and attention, highlighting the interdependence between environment and human communities.
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FRA: L’article propose une interview imaginaire du Vésuve, conçue comme un dispositif narratif et anthropologique pour réfléchir aux incendies qui ont touché le volcan en août 2025. À travers la personnification, le texte développe une critique de la gestion environnementale, de l’abandon et des responsabilités humaines, renversant la représentation traditionnelle du volcan comme menace. Le Vésuve apparaît ainsi comme une entité vulnérable, qui réclame soin, entretien et attention, soulignant l’interdépendance entre environnement et sociétés humaines.

Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung erscheint rückblickend als ein Ergebnis politischer Entscheidungen, technologischer Erfindungen oder sozialer Prozesse. Doch ein Blick in die Tiefen der Menschheitsgeschichte zeigt ein anderes, vielschichtiges Muster. Immer wieder war es das Klima, das Gesellschaften dazu zwang, ihre Wirtschaftsformen neu zu erfinden. Von der Entstehung der Landwirtschaft über den Zusammenbruch ganzer Imperien bis zu den Krisen und Innovationen der Frühen Neuzeit. Der Klimawandel war immer ein stiller, aber mächtiger Akteur.

Palaeoecological records from the Maya lowlands indicate that there is an emerging pattern of complex vegetation change across the Terminal Classic Period, a time that was characterised by frequent droughts and collapse of major Maya centres. To fully understand the extent of anthropogenic influences on Yucatan forest composition in space and time, more palaeoecological records are needed, as well as a better understanding of the relationship between forest cover and modern pollen deposition in lakes. Here, we investigate pollen-landscape relationships from lakes in the northern central Yucatan (19°50′N, 88°44′W) through comparison of forest cover data with arboreal pollen in recently deposited sediments. Twelve pollen assemblages from across two lakes, Lagunas Esmeralda (ca. 0.6 × 0.1 km) and Chichancanab (ca. 14.5 × 0.7 km), indicate that the lakes capture local and regional pollen signals, respectively. This spatial understanding was applied to the interpretation of a new 386 cm palaeoecological record dating to 4200 BCE from Esmeralda and an existing record from Chichancanab dating from ca. 200 CE until present. The data show that fire use and maize cultivation occurred at Esmeralda as early as 3500 BCE, but impact on forest cover and composition was minimal throughout. The Chichancanab record shows maize cultivation through the Classic period and relatively stable forest cover. In contrast, high variability of forest pollen values from Laguna Esmeralda during the Late and Terminal Classic periods shows localised changes in forest composition, likely driven by human activity in response to cultural change and climate stress.

Granada) publicados por Manuel de Góngora en 1870 editados y coloreados por Alberto Dorado. Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley.

Magnetic, palynological, and paleoecological data indicate that in the Rio de la Pasion drainage, one of the most thoroughly investigated areas of the southern Maya lowlands, a refugee population remained in the Laguna Las Pozas basin long after the Classic Maya collapse and the Terminal Classic period, previously identified by archaeologists as eras of near-total regional abandonment. During the Early Postclassic period, ca. A.D. 900 to 1200, agriculturalists colonized and deforested the Laguna Las Pozas basin for agriculture while adjacent, abandoned terrain was undergoing reforestation. After discussing the archaeological utility of magnetic analyses, we conclude thatfollowing the Maya collapse, some refugee populations migrated to geographically marginal non-degraded landscapes within the southern lowlands not previously occupied by the Classic Maya. Los resultados de analisis magneticos, palinologicos y paleoecologicos muestran que en el Valle del Rio de la Pasion, una de las zonas ma's estudiadas de las Tierras Bajas del sur del a'rea Maya, una poblacion de refugiados permanecio en la cuenca de la Laguna Las Pozas hasta mucho despue's del colapso de la sociedad maya del Clasico y del periodo Clasico Terminal, hasta ahora considerados por los arqueologos como periodos de Abandono casi total de la zona. Durante el Poscla'sico Temprano, c. 900-1200 d. C., Ia cuenca de la Laguna Las Pozas fue colonizada por campesinos y desforestada para el cultivo, mientras que el terreno abandonado adyacente experimentaba un proceso de reforestacion. La aplicacion paralela de te'cnicas de ana'lisis magne'ticos y palinologicos constituye una herramienta de investigacion muy poderosa para el estudio de los cambios ambientales ecoge'nicos y antropoge'nicos. Los ana'lisis magne'ticos revelan tendencias de erosion y modificaciones del terreno local, mientras que los ana'lisis de polen ayudan fundamentalmente a determinar los cambios en la vegetacion a nivel regional. En este trabajo, tras una discusion sobre la utilidad arqueologica de los ana'lisis magne'ticos, llegamos a la conclusion de que despue's del colapso Maya, algunos grupos de refugiados emigraron a terrenos geogrdficamente marginales no degradados, dentro de los limites de las Tierras Bajas del sur (por ejemplo, a la cuenca de la Laguna Las Pozas), que no habian sido ocupados intensivamente por los mayas durante el periodo Clasico.

Rural tourism in Spain is following a growing trend and is generating income that is complementary to agriculture. Within rural tourism, some of the main tourist activities are those related to gastronomy and visiting wineries, which are becoming the main reason for visiting a region (López-Gúzma et al., 2010). This means that wine tourism is increasingly more important for the development of certain wine-producing areas. In order to adequately develop wine tourism, there must be both a wine-growing industry where wineries can be visited and tourism organisations that offer other types of activities. This requisite is reflected in one of the first definitions of wine tourism: «Wine tourism is a trip related to the attraction of wineries and of a wine-growing area, a kind of market niche and way of destination development, and it is an opportunity for direct sales and a marketing opportunity for the wine industry» (Getz, 2000, p. 5). Purchasing and tasting wine are the main motivations for participating in wine tourism (

Altogether six portable Mesolithic zoomorphic figurines are known from Western Norway. They are 3 to 5 cm long, naturalistically shaped in soapstone, and turned up during the excavations of residential sites on the outer coast. The occupation layers in which they were found have been dated tobetween 5,300 and 4,000 cal BC. The figurines all represent marine species: five of them sea birds, and the sixth probably a porpoise. This paper presents the figurines themselves, the sites, and the dates. They are thereafter discussed in an interregional context, focusing on the importance of these animals as prey, based on osteological material, and as images at rock art sites. We argue that while sea birds and whales do not seem to have been procured to any extent and are rarely represented in the rock art of Mesolithic Western Norway, these animals may still have been important for humans in their daily lives as mobile hunter-fishers.

Canguilhem lecteur de Freud

D’une philosophie de l’erreur, au fondement d’une théorie des valeurs et des normes

Auteur : Valentine PROUVEZ
N° ISBN : 978-2-8107-1361-5
Format et nombre de pages : 13,5 × 22 cm – 328 p.
Parution le 05/03/2026
Année : 2026

https://pum.univ-tlse2.fr/produit/canguilhem-lecteur-de-freud/

Fruit d’une relecture systématique de l’œuvre de Georges Canguilhem, fondée sur l’ensemble de ses textes publiés et, de façon inédite, sur l’exploration minutieuse de ses archives, ce livre révèle une dimension jusqu’alors méconnue de sa pensée : l’attention soutenue que le philosophe porta à Freud, dès le milieu des années 1930, et la fécondité de ce dialogue pour sa réflexion sur l’erreur, la valeur et la norme.

Cette étude, qui suit pas à pas l’évolution de ses positions grâce à la datation rigoureuse de ses manuscrits, met en lumière la cohérence profonde d’une œuvre traversée par la question de l’erreur : loin d’être un motif secondaire, celle-ci apparaît comme le véritable fil conducteur de sa philosophie, au croisement de la critique du scientisme, de la théorie des valeurs et de la normativité. Loin de se limiter à une critique de la psychologie et des sciences humaines, Canguilhem, à l’appui de sa lecture de Freud, élabore une thèse originale : l’erreur, loin d’être un simple écart à la vérité, manifeste la puissance normative du vivant et la liberté du jugement.

Ce travail inédit éclaire ainsi, à partir des sources les plus directes, la genèse et la portée d’une philosophie de l’erreur qui renouvelle de fond en comble la compréhension des rapports entre science, subjectivité et action.

Ouvrage réalisé avec le soutien du laboratoire CRISES EA4424

The complexity of pedestrian spatio-temporal behaviour calls for the combination of several complementary empirical methods in order to comprehensively understand human motion behaviour patterns and underlying motives, habits and intentions. This is essential for the development of mobile spatial information technologies, as the huge amount of potentially available information has to be filtered and customised to individual needs. Therefore, in this contribution a currently ongoing project aiming at the classification of pedestrian walking behaviour and related influence factors is described. We illustrate the multi-methods-approach applied in this study and present experimental results based on a dataset of more than 100 trajectories of pedestrians observed in indoor and outdoor environments as well as results of a survey containing 130 interviews. The project uses a multi-method triangulation approach in order to obtain comprehensive insight to human spatio-temporal behaviour. Firstly, a brief overview concerning most common methods in pedestrian monitoring is given. Secondly, the current approach is described and each employed method and related preliminary results are presented. Finally, an outlook concerning forthcoming steps is given and the main conclusions at this stage of the study are discussed.

On the Atlantic coast of northern Norway there is a small group of rock-art sites dated to the early Holocene. Here we address this unique group of sites by exploring their role in the colonization process. The pioneer population encountered a pristine and unknown landscape, still impacted by the melting ice cap. Rather than focus on the motifs, we emphasize the significance of the local topography and the role of relational ontology, where a significant aspect of the process was the impact of the highly active landscape and unusual sceneries. We situate the rock art in a prolonged multi-generational relationship between humans and landscape. We propose a phased model in which distinctive natural features first functioned as navigational landmarks, later became anchored in oral narratives, and eventually acquired cosmological associations, culminating in their physical marking through rock art. Over time this created palimpsests of human-landscape relations with evolving memoryscapes where mobility, myth and materiality intersect. Our approach highlights the dynamic and storied nature of pioneer engagement with animate and agentive landscape in early northern Fennoscandia.

Archaeological research conducted since the 20th century in the eastern Bolivian plains highlights the process of anthropogenization established between the indigenous groups of the Llanos de Moxos and the Amazonian landscape during the pre-colonial period. These studies demonstrate the existence of an anthropogenic spatiality in Moxos, that is, an environment domesticated and improved by different human groups, some of probable Arawak ethnolinguistic origin. Thus, when the Spanish arrived in the Llanos de Moxos in the 16th century, they encountered traces of civilizations characterized by low-density agricultural urbanism. Based on a literature review of recent archaeological data, this study considers that the Llanos de Moxos hosted a sophisticated engineering system that addressed both survival needs and cosmological frameworks. This engineering involved the development of dikes, canals, artificial lakes, pyramids, and raised agricultural fields, within a subject-subject relationship with the landscape.

Indonesia is one of the largest exporter sea cucumber in the world. However, information on this resource, especially in Maluku province is still lacking. Research to study species and size composition of sea cucumber was carried out in Un bay, Southeast Maluku on October to November 2013. Data of sea cucumber was collected by using belt transect. A total of 104 individuals belonging to 11 species from five genuses namely Holothuria, Stichopus, Actinopyga, Bohadschia and Thelenota were found during the study. Genus Holothuria had the most individuals whilst genera of Actinopyga and Thelenota had the least individual. Minimum size in term of length and weight represented by Holothuria scabra while maximum size belonged to Stichopus variegates. Further analysis on the most dominant species i.e. H. scabra showed that most of the individual consists of large size with the ratio between male and female was 1:0.51. Growth pattern of this species was negative allometric (b < 3).

Indonesia is one of the largest exporter sea cucumber in the world. However, information on this resource, especially in Maluku province is still lacking. Research to study species and size composition of sea cucumber was carried out in Un bay, Southeast Maluku on October to November 2013. Data of sea cucumber was collected by using belt transect. A total of 104 individuals belonging to 11 species from five genuses namely Holothuria, Stichopus, Actinopyga, Bohadschia and Thelenota were found during the study. Genus Holothuria had the most individuals whilst genera of Actinopyga and Thelenota had the least individual. Minimum size in term of length and weight represented by Holothuria scabra while maximum size belonged to Stichopus variegates. Further analysis on the most dominant species i.e. H. scabra showed that most of the individual consists of large size with the ratio between male and female was 1:0.51. Growth pattern of this species was negative allometric (b &lt; 3).

The roots of Mongolia's horse culture are usually located in the Late Bronze Age and associated with the appearance of horse-drawn wheeled vehicles from regions to the west. The earliest evidence in Mongolia for both horse and vehicle is not material but rather pictorial: it is detailed in hundreds of images pecked into the boulders and bedrock of the Altai Mountains. The second indication of an emerging horse culture is offered by ritual horsehead burials associated with Late Bronze Age khirgisuur, as well as with the related deer stones. Within that same period appears the earliest material evidence of the equestrianism that became the Mongolian engine of conquest over the following millennia. In all three cases, the horses in question were domesticated, Equus caballus, rather than one of the Asian wild horses, Equus przewalski and Equus ovodovi. From that has followed the assumption that Mongolia's horse culture is predicated upon the appearance of the domesticated horse in the Late Bronze Age. This paper interrogates these assumptions regarding the roots of equine significance within Mongolian prehistory. Using the pictorial documentation available in Altai Mountain rock art, it locates the roots of Mongolia's horse culture in a much earlier period and associated not with E. caballus but rather with the wild Przewalski's horse.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beruht auf der Frage, welche Akteure und Netzwerke im Kontext eines Vollmondrituals in Tübingen auf welche Weise miteinander interagieren. Im Verlauf der Annäherung
an diese Frage wird die These aufgestellt, dass vielfältige Akteure als Netzwerk einer lebendigen und in Beziehung tretenden Landschaft interagieren und sich dabei gestalten. Hierbei wird das Konzept der
Relationalen Landschaft formuliert, um die Verbindungen und Interaktionen im Netzwerk des Vollmondrituals möglichst genau beschreiben zu können. Demnach sind Landschaften als nichts
Lebloses zu verstehen, sondern als ein lebendiges Netzwerk vielfältiger Akteure, die sich entlang von Austauschprozessen, Interaktionen und Beziehungen miteinander gestalten und formen. Die schamanische Arbeit bietet im Vollmondritual und in weiteren Fallbeispielen einen Rahmen, entlang welchem sich Interaktionen und Beziehungen gestalten. Hieraus ergibt sich die weitere Einbettung der Fallbeispiele in Ansätze der Öko-Kosmologien, in denen Sozialität, Spiritualität und Ökologie
zusammen gedacht werden. Es wird nach dem Potential der Interaktionen und Beziehungen, die sich innerhalb schamanischer Arbeit gestalten, in Anbetracht aktueller Klimakrisen gefragt.

Dies ist ein Mobilitätssemesterbericht über mein Studienprojekt des Masterstudiums in SOcial and Cultural Anthropology and er Universität Tübingen. Für zweieinhalb Jahre begleitete ich schamanisch Praktizierende in der Schweiz, Deutschland und in Nepal. Dabei
beobachtete ich wechselseitige Beziehungen von Wesen in pluralen Welten, die in Austauschprozessen gemeinsam Transformation geschehen ließen und hierdurch Leben miteinander gestalteten. Diese
Gestaltung von Leben schien in unmittelbarer Relation der beteiligten Wesen und Landschaften zu stehen. Diesen Gedanken betrachte ich in vorliegender Arbeit mithilfe von Konzepten zu Landschaft und Relationalität, wobei ich Ansätze der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie anwende.

In this paper we review the scientific efforts that were led over the last decades to reconstruct geomorphic patterns from continuous alpine lake sediment records. Whereas our results point a growing importance of humans as erosion forcing factors, we will focus here on climate-related processes. Our main dataset is made of a regional approach which was led without any a priori regarding erosion forcing factors. We hence integrated a set of sediment sequences from various environment along an altitudinal gradient from 200 up to 2400m asl in Northern French Alps. Altogether our data point climate change as one of the main factor of erosion variability. In particular, the last two cold spells that occurred during the early middle age (Dark Age) and between the 14th and the 20th century AD (Little Ice Age) appear to be outstanding compared to any other periods of enhanced erosion along the Holocene. The climatic forcing of those erosion phases is supported by an increase in the contrib...

Gender equality is a cross-cutting issue that affects all dimensions of sustainable development; women must be at the centre of the 2030 Agenda. Despite the interlinkages between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the commitment to “leave no one behind,” progress on gender mainstreaming is uneven across the SDGs. This brief looks at two selected areas: education (SDG 4) and responsible consumption and production (SDG 12). Progress has been made on gender mainstreaming in both areas, but there are significant gaps and a holistic approach is lacking.

To accurately understand and recreate the foodways of the Wampanoag in 1627, three factors must be kept in mind. First, the diet of people, English as well as Native, was very seasonal in nature. Although various foods, such as corn, beans, squash, shellfish, fish, lobsters, berries and nuts were
dried and stored for winter use, people made concentrated use of resources as they became seasonally available. When recreating the foodways, one should attempt to highlight this seasonal nature, as it
would have been centrally important to what foods people were eating at a given time of the year. Secondly, it must be kept in mind that we are attempting to recreate the recipes and diet of people who lived over 300 years ago. We should not allow twentieth century culinary techniques and sensibilities to interfere with what our goal here is. After reviewing the few recipes we know of for the Wampanoag and comparable recipes from the Iroquois, it has been found that the diet was rich in diversity but scant
in what went into a pot at one time. This will be discussed further when the basics of recipes are outlined. Additionally, the incorporation of items such as salt and especially sugar should be kept to a minimum. Of course, to our tastes, a sweeter nasamp or a saltier sabaheg tastes "better" but when these substances are added, our exhibit becomes nothing more than a simulation and not a recreation. While this appears to be an minor distinction, it will change how foodways are understood and appreciated.
At the same time one should not attempt to connect with the children by comparing Wamapnoag cuisine to modern day foods by means of ridiculous comparisons. These would include the comparison
of nasamp to "Berry, Berry Kixs". The fact that the cuisine of the Wampanoag in 1627 was different than ours today means that we should not attempt to turn a sabaheg into "Saturday Night Stew" so that
it sounds better or tastes better to us.