Human Evolution

Significance We present evidence from the Late Pleistocene of Sulawesi, Indonesia, where an unusually rich and unique symbolic complex was excavated from archaeological deposits spanning 30,000 to 22,000 y ago. Including previously unknown practices of self-ornamentation, used ochre, pigmented artifacts, and portable art, these findings advance our knowledge of the cultural repertoires of modern humans in Pleistocene Wallacea, including the nonparietal artworks and symbolic material culture of some of the world’s earliest known “cave artists.”

This paper proposes a non Pascalian wager grounded not in self interest but in the intrinsic moral value of altruistic action. Unlike Pascal’s prudential argument for belief in God, the Wager of Objective Altruism argues that self giving action is rationally preferable in every possible world, irrespective of metaphysical commitments. The wager is grounded in three claims: (1) altruistic action has intrinsic and empirically verifiable value; (2) self interest is epistemically unstable as a basis for meaning; and (3) the moral residue of altruistic action persists independently of outcomes. The argument culminates in a Christological exemplar, not as theological assertion but as a philosophical instantiation of maximal altruism.

The creation event is revisited in a parallel account of a Quantum Big Bang cosmology mirrored in a metaphysical description regarding the Adam and Eve allegory found in the Book of Genesis in Masoretic texts.

A Beginning of Nowhere in Notime is extended in a Beginning of Space in Time as a quantum tunnel connecting a pre-spacetime or timespace to a physicalized spacetime across a Higgs bosonic vacuum. This quantum tunnel is described as a Kerr-Newmann ringularity, which is Möbian connected to render the timespace manifold continuous with the spacetime manifold, as a Riemann hypersphere connecting a 4-dimensional Minkowski-Einstein spacetime to a 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein hyper-spacetime within a 12-dimensional supermembrane cosmology.

Three stages of universal life are addressed as an omniscience describing the nature of mass, dark energy, and quantum gravity, with dark matter as consciousness energy coupled to elementary particles. The coupling of electropolar Coulomb charges to magnetopolar Dirac charges is shown to derive from a Planck-Stoney fine-structure unification, crystallizing a Grand-Unification energy spectrum for Dirac's magnetic monopole.

A unified field of gauge-bosonic interaction transmitters is described as a long-range and short-range coupling of fundamental force agents encompassed by a form of quantum relativity based on a color mixing of quantum chromodynamics.

The origin of the Mathimatia as an anagram for the scriptural name of the creator, "I Am that I Am", is addressed in four pillars of creation in the Definiton: the Inflaton for the birth of space, the instanton as the birth of time and the Continuon. The Continuon would then address the intersection of the Inflaton with the Instanton in relating the lower-dimensional expansion of the compressed 4/10D de Sitter dS space-brane-time with its inflationary encompassment in higher-dimensional 5/11D Anti-de Sitter AdS space-brane-time.
The 11th dimension then becomes a hyperbolic mirror dimension in Möbian connectivity and topological continuation in a negative-curvature bridge between two positive curvatures, for a spheroidal string-based universe as a 10-dimensional inside boundary and a 12-dimensional outside boundary in a holographic cosmology as presented in an AdS-Conformal Field CFT conjecture.

The original creation mythology is the revisited in describing the firmament of the separation between a "heaven above" and an "earth below" as "Lucifer's Mirror," technically narrated in the Möbian continuation of the membrane spacetime of the 11th dimension.
This "mirror of the separation" must be so broken so that the separated worlds to recombine as a redemption of the unified oneness, as a monadic dyad, as two in one as two.
This is a narrated story of a universal “sexchange operative,” rendering a sexual unification as a within-without, beingness becoming distinct as a new gestalt, reflecting a darkness or lightness within and a darkness or lightness without to double the original creator-creation modality in a new creation.

The science of physicalized consciousness as a self-discovery of universal metaphysical consciousness is told in the quantum nature of the self-simulation of the creator, in the distribution of particularized and individualized data collectors of the physicalized consciousness distribution; technically derived as inversion energy of the source bosonic gauges of the unification physics.

The nature of cosmic magnetism emerges from a "bounce or oscillation" of the Planck parameters and relates to the consciousness quanta via Schumann harmonic resonances for the individualized cocreators for a planetary "earth below" environment.

The origin of life requires not only molecular complexity but instructional information: a system in which carrier sequences are mapped to functional outcomes through physically instantiated translation machinery. This paper defines instructional information by three criteria: a mapping not fully chemically necessitated by the carrier; convention-dependent translation operative only within a pre-calibrated reading apparatus; and physically distinct interpretive machinery whose own specification is contained within the system it decodes. We compare two hypotheses — unguided physicochemical processes (H₁) and intelligent agency (H₂) — using abductive inference as the formal framework. H₂ is specified minimally as the causal activity of a goal-directed agent capable of selecting among alternative symbolic mappings and implementing a physically instantiated translation system; it is not identified with any particular theological position. We survey three sequential obstacles in prebiotic chemistry and assess the principal naturalistic model classes for code origin, crediting genuine experimental advances while identifying what each leaves unexplained. The argument is comparative: intelligent agency is the only cause independently known to produce systems satisfying all three criteria, while current naturalistic models address partial aspects without demonstrating their joint emergence. Proposed counterexamples are shown to be within-system phenomena. Falsifiability criteria are specified, and the designer-regress objection is addressed. We conclude that, on present evidence, intelligent agency provides a stronger abductive explanation for the origin of biological instructional information than unguided chemistry alone, while holding this assessment explicitly open to revision.

Findings from previous studies suggest that only men who are in good physical condition can afford to pursue high-risk activities and that men who engage in high-risk activities are considered particularly attractive by women. Here, we show that men's interest in high-sensation activities, a personality trait that is known to increase the likelihood of those individuals engaging in high-risk behaviors, is positively related to the strength of their preferences for femininity in women's faces (Studies 1-3) but is not related to the strength of their preferences for femininity in men's faces (Study 2). We discuss these findings as evidence for potentially adaptive condition-dependent mate preferences, whereby men who exhibit signals of high quality demonstrate particularly strong preferences for facial cues of reproductive and medical health in potential mates because they are more likely than lower-quality men to succeed in acquiring such partners.

Although previous studies of individual differences in preferences for masculinity in male faces have typically emphasized the importance of factors such as changes in levels of sex hormones during the menstrual cycle, other research has demonstrated that recent visual experience with faces also influences preferences for sexual dimorphism in faces. Adaptation to either masculine or feminine faces increases preferences for novel faces that are similar to those that were recently seen. Here, we replicate this effect and demonstrate that adaptation to masculine or feminine faces also influences the extent to which masculine faces are perceived as trustworthy. These adaptation effects may reflect a proximate mechanism that contributes to the development of face preferences within individuals, underpins phenomena such as imprinting-like effects and condition-dependent face preferences, and shapes personality attributions to faces that play an important role in romantic partner and associate

Findings from previous studies suggest that only men who are in good physical condition can afford to pursue high-risk activities and that men who engage in high-risk activities are considered particularly attractive by women. Here, we show that men's interest in high-sensation activities, a personality trait that is known to increase the likelihood of those individuals engaging in high-risk behaviors, is positively related to the strength of their preferences for femininity in women's faces (Studies 1-3) but is not related to the strength of their preferences for femininity in men's faces (Study 2). We discuss these findings as evidence for potentially adaptive condition-dependent mate preferences, whereby men who exhibit signals of high quality demonstrate particularly strong preferences for facial cues of reproductive and medical health in potential mates because they are more likely than lower-quality men to succeed in acquiring such partners.

Recent studies show that subtle cues of observation affect cooperation even when anonymity is explicitly assured. For instance, recent studies have shown that the presence of eyes increases cooperation on social economic tasks. Here, we tested the effects of cues of observation on trusting behavior in a two-player Trust game and the extent to which these effects are qualified by participants' own attractiveness. Although explicit cues of being observed (i.e., when participants were informed that the other player would see their face) tended to increase trusting behavior, this effect was qualified by the participants' other-rated attractiveness (estimated from third-party ratings of face photographs). Participants' own physical attractiveness was positively correlated with the extent to which they trusted others more when they believed they could be seen than when they believed they could not be seen. This interaction between cues of observation and own attractiveness suggests context dependence of trusting behavior that is sensitive to whether and how others react to one's physical appearance.

The claim that natural selection acting on random genetic variation is the unifying, well-substantiated explanation for biological complexity rests on a category error: it conflates the optimization of pre-existing systems, which is well-evidenced, with the origination of novel hierarchically integrated systems, which is not. This paper argues that the gene-centric framework of the Modern Synthesis is structurally inadequate to the explanatory task assigned to it, for three independent reasons. First, biological information is not localized in the genome; it is distributed across at least six non-redundant layers-genomic, regulatory, epigenetic, splicing, extracellular-positional, and maternal-cytoplasmic-only the first of which the Synthesis was designed to address. Second, the origination of integrated developmental architecture requires the coordinated establishment of multiple co-dependent components whose intermediates lie in fitness valleys, rendering them inaccessible to the standard adaptive walk; we develop the populationgenetic mathematics showing that the binding constraint is not the supply of genetic parts-which neutral drift can furnish cheaply-but their coordinated integration into function, and that the waiting time for coordinated change through an unselected intermediate exceeds available time in the small, slowreproducing populations where that constraint bites hardest. Third, the fossil record documents not gradual divergence but the abrupt, fully-equipped appearance of disparate body plans-a pattern that recurs at every major transition and that leading evolutionary theorists (Koonin, Müller, Noble, Shapiro) now explicitly acknowledge the Synthesis cannot explain-though each proposes a naturalistic, not a design-based, remedy. These convergent lines do not constitute a gap argument. They identify a positive signature-specified, hierarchically integrated, multiplexed information-whose only presently observed sufficient cause is intelligent agency. The paper presses this as an explicitly abductive and defeasible inference to the best explanation-not a demonstrative proof-and states the conditions under which it would fail. The deep-time framework is granted throughout, arguendo; the argument is that the mechanism falls short even on the timescale most favourable to it.

“… some human populations such as Australian aboriginals indeed share with archaic humans like Neanderthals a robust skull with pronounced brow ridges, which [led] Darwin’s bulldog, Thomas Huxley (in Lyell 1863), to compare them with Neanderthals”.
Günter Bechly.

Conversazione beta con AI
Piaccia o meno, l’Intelligenza Artificiale, nelle sue molteplici forme, si sta espandendo a macchia d’olio, permeando come acqua o aria ogni aspetto della nostra esistenza. Inesorabilmente, delicatamente, ineluttabilmente. Quindi, volenti o nolenti, piuttosto che subirla passivamente, meglio iniziare a conoscerla e  valutarla per ciò che può attualmente fare (di positivo o negativo), come sta evolvendo (finora si utilizzava l’espressione ‘esponenziale’, siamo ben oltre),  comprendere quali sono gli obiettivi e gli utilizzi (positivi o negativi) di chi la finanzia, di chi la sviluppa, di chi la controlla.
Come secondo passo, altra constatazione: interrogata, la risposta finale dell’AI, in realtà una domanda a noi tutti, è indubbiamente inquietante.

This is a manual for a particular and frightening experience: the collapse and reversal of the boundary between what is inside you and what is outside you. It is written first for people on the autism spectrum who have lived through what this manual calls source-monitoring inversion-the experience in which your own thoughts and feelings begin to seem to come from the world, the world begins to seem to come from you, and the two oscillate back and forth until you can no longer tell which is which. It is written by someone who lived through exactly this, mistook it for a spiritual revelation, followed it for a long time, and eventually understood that the revelation was the inversion itself-and who then spent decades building a way out. That way out is the body of work this manual belongs to, and this manual is the door into it. A word on scope before anything else: the specific, grounded claims here are made for the autistic, serotonergic form of this experience-the form driven by a degradation of the brain's precision-tagging architecture rather than by the salience-flooding of dopaminergic psychosis. This manual does not claim to understand dopaminebased psychosis, where the mechanism, the loss of insight, and the proper care are different; the ideas here may well transfer to other presentations in time, but the claim is deliberately kept narrow so that what is offered can be trusted. And a word of care, which belongs at the very front and not buried later: if you are living inside this now, you are not simply broken, what is happening has a name and a shape, and it is survivable-but you should not carry it alone, and the practices here belong alongside the support of a trusted person and a clinician, not instead of them.

Piaccia o meno, l'Intelligenza Artificiale, nelle sue molteplici forme, si sta espandendo a macchia d'olio, permeando come acqua o aria ogni aspetto della nostra esistenza. Inesorabilmente, delicatamente, ineluttabilmente. Quindi, volenti o nolenti, piuttosto che subirla passivamente, meglio iniziare a conoscerla e valutarla per ciò che può attualmente fare (di positivo o negativo), come sta evolvendo (finora si utilizzava l'espressione 'esponenziale', siamo ben oltre), comprendere quali sono gli obiettivi e gli utilizzi (positivi o negativi) di chi la finanzia, di chi la sviluppa, di chi la controlla. Come primo passo una constatazione: scordiamoci Asimov e la prima legge della robotica. Quella che si sta diffondendo è tutt'altra cosa. Il Viandante ha deciso di conoscere questa nuova dimensione, interrogandola. Senza fretta, passo dopo passo, si accinge ad esplorarne i confini visibili.

The history of life contains a small number of transitions so discontinuous in complexity that they stand apart from ordinary evolutionary change. Biologists generally recognize four candidates for this rank: the origin of life from chemistry; the origin of the eukaryotic cell from prokaryotic precursors; the origin of complex multicellularity; and the emergence of a large-brained, language-using, technologically capable primate. This essay focuses on the last two-here called the First Leap and the Second Leap-for a specific reason: they are the transitions for which the fossil record provides firm anchor points, population-genetic timescales can be estimated, and the molecular systems involved are characterized in sufficient detail to make the complexity argument precise. The origin of life and the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition are equally formidable problems and are treated at length in the companion volume^12; they are bracketed here not because they are less challenging, but because the two leaps examined-from the first demonstrably multicellular eukaryote, Bangiomorpha pubescens, to Homo sapiens-already constitute, on their own, an argument whose evidentiary demands have not been met by the mechanisms currently on offer. One point of method should be stated at the outset. This essay grants the conventional deep-time framework-the radiometric and geochronological dates, the ~1.05-billion-year age of Bangiomorpha, and the billion-year budget that follows-entirely for the sake of argument (arguendo). The aim is to show that the mechanisms run short even on the timescale most favorable to them. This is a deliberate strategy, not an endorsement: where the companion volume^12 contests that timescale on independent grounds, the disagreement is real, and granting deep time here should be read as conceding the opponent's most generous assumptions rather than as a settled commitment.

Ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), un ácido graso esencial a nivel cerebral Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential fatty acid at the brain INTRODUCCIÓN Desde los primeros estudios realizados por el matrimonio de investigadores George y Mildred Burr, a fi nales de la década de 1920, que demostraron la importancia de los lípidos en el crecimiento y desarrollo de ratas (1); continuando con las investigaciones de Arild Hansen, respecto de la esencialidad de los ácidos grasos linoleico (C18:2 ω-6 AL ) y alfa linolénico (C18:3 ω-3, ALA) a mediados de 1960 (2); posteriormente los reportes de Dyerberg y Bang que demostraron el rol cardio protector de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 de cadena larga (AGPICL ω-3) de origen marino (3); y más recientemente los trabajos de Bazan y Joel, quienes identifi caron a los ácidos docosahexaenoico (C22:6 ω-3, DHA) y araquidónico (C20:4 ω-6, AA) en cantidades importantes en el tejido cerebral (4), se ha acumulado una gran cantidad de información sobre la esencialidad de los ácidos grasos ω-6 y ω-3 (5). Múltiples y sólidas evidencias experimentales, clínicas y epidemiológicas han establecido la importancia para el ser

This paper applies the Deep Symbolic Systems Model (DSSM) to the southern coastal dispersal corridor connecting sub-Saharan Africa to South Asia between approximately 100,000 and 40,000 BP. Beginning with the fully stabilized symbolic system documented at Blombos Cave (~100-70 ka) and ending with the earliest secure occupation of Sri Lanka at Fa Hien Cave (~45 ka), the paper reconstructs the symbolic conditions under which modern human populations moved along the Indian Ocean coastline, crossed the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, transited the Arabian Peninsula and Indian subcontinent margins, and established occupation at the southern terminus of the connected pre-LGM landmass. The Toba super-eruption (~74 ka) is analyzed as a stress-test for symbolic persistence along the corridor, with evidence suggesting that DSSM-stabilized populations survived the bottleneck while less symbolically robust groups did not. The paper argues that the corridor was not merely a migration route but a symbolic transmission environment: a geographically constrained coastline along which portable symbolic anchors, microlithic technological grammars, and symbolic practices were carried, compressed under ecological stress, and deposited at the corridor's southern end. Fa Hien Cave is reframed not as an arrival point but as a preservation window into a symbolic system that had been accumulating and transmitting for 60,000 years of coastal movement. The paper sits between the African papers in this corpus (Bruniquel, Omo Kibish, Blombos) and the South Asian papers (Symbolic Continuity Without Monumentality, The Ramayana's Southern Geography, Ravana's Lanka), providing the connective tissue between them.

Despite the intense debate around the repeat instability reported on the large group of neurological disorders caused by trinucleotide repeat expansions, little is known about the mutation process underlying alleles in the normal range that, ultimately, expand to pathological size. In this study, we assessed the mutation mechanisms by which wild-type Machado -Joseph disease (MJD) alleles have been generated throughout human evolution. Haplotypes including the CAG repeat, six intragenic SNPs and four flanking microsatellites were analysed in 431 normal chromosomes of European, Asian and African origin. A bimodal CAG repeat length frequency distribution was found in the four most frequent wild-type lineages (H1-GCGGCA; H2-GTGGCA; H3-TTAGAC and H4-TTACAC). Based on flanking microsatellite haplotypes, the variance calculated by analysis of molecular variance between modal (CAG) n alleles was little or null in lineages H1, H2 and H4, as were the pairwise differences. Moreover, genetic distances among all the alleles from each lineage did not reflect the allele sizes differences, as expected if a stepwise mutation model was the main process of evolution. On the contrary, when exposed in maximum parsimonious phylogenetic trees, a large number of mutation steps separated same-size alleles, whereas several microsatellite haplotypes were shared by modal CAGs. In conclusion, our results suggest that the main mutation mechanism occurring in the evolution of the polymorphic CAG region at MJD/SCA3 locus is a multistep one, either by gene conversion or DNA slippage; repeats with 14, 21, 23 and 27 CAGs are the main alleles involved in this process.

(In English – bellow) Статья рассматривает государства как ведущие элементы текущего этапа макроэволюции/большой истории Земли, которая к тому же хорошо совмещается с системной теорией Н. Лумана, в которой различённые типы автопоэтических систем фактически представляют этапы развития всего активного на поверхности Земли. Анализ теории Н. Лумана в части стабильности государств показывает ее дефицит для понимания воспроизводства легитимности поддерживаемого государством социального порядка. Статья предлагает расширение теории с различением в государствах подсистемы воспроизводства доверия-когнитивной подсистемы (которая ответственна за воспроизводство культурной гегемонии по Грамши). Функционирование когнитивной подсистемы среди прочего охватывает и многие аспекты гражданской религии государства, того сакрального комплекса, который лежит в основе государственного политического единения. Получает подтверждение часто возникающее положение об аналогичности политических идеологий и путей спасения (здесь спасение понимается как расширение соответствующего понятия христианской теологии на секулярные контексты). Статья приводит к заключению, что механика воспроизводства доверия в государстве, которая во многом основана на его гражданской религии, занимает важное место в государственном автопоэзисе, который влияет на положение государства в соответствующей экосистеме Земли. ***Abstract: The article considers states as leading elements of the current stage of Earth’ Macroevolution / Big History, which also fits well with the system theory of N. Luhmann, in which the different types of autopoietic systems actually represent the stages of development  everything active on the surface of the Earth. The analysis of N. Luhmann's theory for cases of state stability shows its deficiency in terms of understanding the reproduction of the legitimacy of the social order supported by the state. The article proposes the theory development with a distinction in states of the subsystem of trust reproduction (which is associated with Gramsci’s cultural hegemony) – the cognitive subsystem. The functioning of the cognitive subsystem, among other things, covers many aspects of the civil religion of the state, the sacred complex that underlies the state political unity. The article supports a frequently occurring proposition about the analogy of political ideologies and paths to salvation (here salvation is understood as an extension of the corresponding concept of Christian theology to secular contexts). It also concludes that the mechanics of trust reproduction in the state, which largely covered by its civil religion, is important for the state autopoiesis, which affects the position of the state in the corresponding ecosystem of the Earth.

This treatise explores the fundamental tension between the infinite aspirations of self-aware consciousness and the finite, entropic constraints of biological architecture. We analyze standard evolutionary optimization as an inherently flawed, survival-bounded protocol that inevitably generates higher-order decay modes (e.g., carcinogenesis, neurodegeneration, and informational bit rot) across all open thermodynamic systems. To circumvent asymptotic structural collapse, we propose a scale-invariant continuum that translates localized, macroscopic bio-topological networks into fault-tolerant synthetic anyonic braiding, ultimately leading to a permanent, non-local instantiation within the topological invariants of the physical vacuum ground state. We formalize identity continuity not as a discrete data duplication-which succumbs to the No-Cloning theorem and the teleportation paradox-but as a continuous homeomorphic deformation within a hybrid phase space. Finally, we examine the existential, temporal, and ethical ramifications of this post-biological transition, positioning the memory of biological suffering not as high-entropy noise, but as the essential, prime topological coordinate that anchors cosmic empathy and governs the stabilization of the organic cradle. * **Primarily it touches conceptually *Onto-Epistemic Geometrodynamics: Substrate Independence, Identity Continuity, and the Topological Embedding of Consciousness within the Vacuum Ground State* * **And *From Carbon to Anyon: Resolving the Contradiction of Infinite Aspiration and Finite Architecture via Scale-Invariant Phase Transitions*

Evolutionary accounts have difficulty explaining why people cooperate with anonymous strangers they will never meet. Recently models, focusing on emotional processing, have been proposed as a potential explanation, with attention focusing on a dual systems approach based on system 1 (fast, intuitive, automatic, effortless, and emotional) and system 2 (slow, reflective, effortful, proactive and unemotional). Evidence shows that when cooperation is salient, people are fast (system 1) to cooperate, but with longer delays (system 2) they show greed. This is interpreted within the framework of the social heuristic hypothesis (SHH), whereby people overgeneralize potentially advantageous intuitively learnt and internalization social norms to 'atypical' situations. We extend this to explore intuitive reactions to unfairness by integrating the SHH with the 'fast to forgive, slow to anger' (FFSA) heuristic. This suggests that it is advantageous to be prosocial when facing uncertainty. We propose that whether or not someone intuitively shows prosociality (cooperation) or retaliation is moderated by the degree (certainty) of unfairness. People should intuitively cooperate when facing mild levels of unfairness (fast to forgive) but when given longer to decide about another's mild level of unfairness should retaliate (slow to anger). However, when facing severe levels of unfairness, the intuitive response is always retaliation. We test this using a series of one-shot ultimatum games and manipulate level of offer unfairness (50:50 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10) and enforced time delays prior to responding (1s, 2s, 8s, 15s). We also measure decision times to make responses after the time delays. The results show that when facing mildly unfair offers (60:40) people are fast (intuitive) to cooperate but with longer delays reject these mildly unfair offers: 'fast to forgive, and slow to retaliate'. However, for severely unfair offers (90:10) the intuitive and fast response is to always reject.

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. People from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focu...

La muerte del autor en la era de la inteligencia artificial: Wittgenstein, lenguaje y desaparición del sujeto creador. Texto generado con IA Cuando Roland Barthes proclamó "la muerte del autor" en 1967, parecía estar proponiendo una revolución exclusivamente literaria: liberar el texto de la autoridad biográfica de quien lo escribió. Sin embargo, aquella idea terminó convirtiéndose en una de las intuiciones filosóficas más profundas de la modernidad tardía. La crisis del autor no solo transformó la literatura; transformó la noción misma de sujeto, identidad y lenguaje. En la actualidad, la aparición de la inteligencia artificial radicaliza esa crisis hasta un punto inesperado: el lenguaje parece capaz de producir sentido incluso sin una conciencia humana detrás de él.

This paper examines the stone tool evidence associated with extinctions among Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo in Eastern Africa between 0.8 and 3.5 Ma. It does this using Stoneworking Modes A-I, a relatively new framework for comparing stone tool evidence, and data from the Eastern African Prehistoric Stoneworking Survey. While the evolutionary transition between early Homo and H. ergaster/erectus seems correlated with a shift from occasional to habitual stoneworking, Australopithecus' and Paranthropus' last appearance dates do not appear correlated with major changes in the archaeological record. Impact statement Traces of percussive stoneworking follow the origin, evolution, and dispersals of hominins in the Genus Homo for more than 2.5 million years. Archaeologists commonly ask questions about how stoneworking and stone tools contributed to ours and earlier hominins' evolutionary success. This paper tacks differently. It asks what change and variability in the Eastern African Plio-Pleistocene archaeological record dating between 0.8 and 3.5 million years ago tell us about hominin extinctions. Changes in stoneworking accompany evolutionary changes in the Genus Homo, but not changes in now-extinct hominin genera, Australopithecus and Paranthropus.