Indigenous Natural Resource Management

To adapt to the ecological crises and social inequities of the Anthropocene,
a new conservation paradigm is emerging that embraces people in nature
and the positive roles people play in ecosystem health through land
stewardship. We discuss the emergence of this new model and explore
the methods needed to research and coordinate stewardship as part of
conservation landscape planning through a practical case study. Updating
conservation frameworks to include the positive impacts people have on
ecosystems, we argue, is a powerful leverage point for catalysing more
effective and equitable nature conservation and other large-scale societal
transformations necessary for just sustainability.

This study aimed to understand the impact of shrub encroachment on native species in the Guassa Community Conservation Area in Ethiopia. We assessed the soil seed bank composition and density across different elevations and aspects, and management systems within the area. The vegetation was stratified and eight blocks were selected across a range of elevation (<3350 m and >3350 m) and aspect (northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest). Within each block we established twenty 5m x 5m plots for a total of 160. We then collected soil samples from five subplots (1 m x 1 m) at three depths (0-3 cm, 3-6 cm and 6-9 cm) for a total of 480 samples, which were established in pots in greenhouse. We calculated species abundance by totaling the number of seedlings that emerged from each sample. To determine the variability in the abundance of Festuca macrophylla and Helichrysum splendidum in the soil seed bank along altitudinal gradient, we used two-way ANOVA using SAS statistical software version 9.0.1. Shannon diversity index was used to determine species diversity in the soil seedbank. After counting all the seeds, we identified 74 plant species represented in the soil seedbank which belong to 55 genera and 23 families. Eleven species are endemic to Ethiopia. At the lower elevation range, the effects of aspect (P <0.0088) and soil depth (P <0.005) are not significant to determine the abundance of seeds of H. splendidum and F. macrophylla. But when the factors are segregated, both aspect and soil depth play a significant role (p<0.0001) regarding the abundance of the seeds of the competing species at lower elevation. At higher elevation, only the effect of soil depth is significant (P<0.0001) for determining the abundance of H. splendidum. Soil depth and aspect have no significant effects on soil seed bank abundance at this elevation.

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.

In Äthiopien gibt es eines der ältesten und wirkungsvollsten Naturschutz-und Bewirtschaftungssysteme in Afrika südlich der Sahara: die Menz-Guassa Community Conservation Area, eine 11.100 Hektar große Region, mit einer Vielfalt an Grassavannen, Pflanzen und seltenen Tieren. Der Äthiopische Wolf, der Blutbrustpavian und der Abyssinische Hase sind dort beheimatet. Die verschiedenen indigenen Bodenordnungen in Äthiopien sind in sehr komplexen Prozessen entstanden. Dabei verdient die Geschichte der Bodenordnung im Guassa-Gebiet, die sogenannte »Atsme Irist«, 1 besondere Beachtung. Sie gibt Aufschluss darüber, wie Menschen im Distrikt Menz seit mehr als 400 Jahren in der Lage waren und sind, wertvolle Weidegebiete und Ökosysteme regelmäßig gemeinsam zu nutzen, aber auch zu bewahren. In Menz, wozu das Guassa-Gebiet gehört, gab Atsme Irist der dort ansässigen Bevölkerung über Jahrhunderte hinweg das Recht, einen Anteil des Landes gemeinsam mit anderen rechtmäßigen Grundbesitzern zu halten. Dieses Recht geht auf konkrete Vorfahren zurück. Gespräche mit Ortskundigen ergaben, dass die Gründerpioniere Asbo und Gera im 17. Jahrhundert dieses Managementsystem ins Leben gerufen hatten. Gera hatte zunächst ein Stück freies Land in Guassa, im östlichen Teil von Menz, als sein Weideland abgegrenzt. Später haben Asbo und Gera dieses Land-dem Ausgang eines Pferderennens entsprechend-in zwei Teile geteilt. Die Grenze wurde an der Stelle gezogen, an der das erste Pferd vor Erschöpfung nicht mehr weiterlaufen konnte. Die beiden Pioniere bestimmten, dass das Guassa-Gebiet hauptsächlich als Weideland sowie für die Ernte von Guassa-Gras (Festuca sp.) genutzt werden sollte. Wer immer durch den einen oder anderen Elternteil die Verwandtschaft mit Asbo oder Gera nachweisen konnte, hatte Anspruch auf einen Teil des Landes, wobei jeweils die Ältesten die Zuteilung überwachten. Guassa teilt sich noch heute in

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.

This study investigated the impact of community conservation on land use and land cover dynamics in Guassa Community Conservation Area (GCCA), located in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, in Ethiopia. The Guassa community has a long tradition of conserving the locally known GUASSA (Festuca macrophylla) grass, which is important for the livelihoods of the community in the area for roof thatching, household uses and income generation. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and to identify the causes of this change in the GCCA. Satellite data were obtained from LANDSAT satellite images taken in 1986, 2003 and 2015. These images were classified with a maximum likelihood algorithm under a supervised classification method in ERDAS IMAGINE software and LULCC was analyzed using spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS 10.4 software. The local community was surveyed to determine the perception of the local community about LULCC in GCCA. The analysis determined five land cover categories: forest, bare land, farm land, shrubland and grassland. The forest land cover type constituted about 2.12% of the total area of GCCA in 1986 and increased by 1.82% from 1986 to 2003. Bare land increased over the years. Farm land at the border of GCCA decreased from 517.4 ha in 1986 to 495.09 ha in 2003 but increased to 540.8 ha in 2015. Findings from local community survey implied change of government, population growth, agricultural expansion, fire wood collection and settlement and increasing infrastructures as the major causes for the land use change of area. For sustainability of the area, it is important to strengthen and promote the traditional community conservation system which has kept the area for over 400 years.

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.

This study investigated the impact of community conservation on land use and land cover dynamics in Guassa Community Conservation Area (GCCA), located in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, in Ethiopia. The Guassa community has a long tradition of conserving the locally known GUASSA (Festuca macrophylla) grass, which is important for the livelihoods of the community in the area for roof thatching, household uses and income generation. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and to identify the causes of this change in the GCCA. Satellite data were obtained from LANDSAT satellite images taken in 1986, 2003 and 2015. These images were classified with a maximum likelihood algorithm under a supervised classification method in ERDAS IMAGINE software and LULCC was analyzed using spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS 10.4 software. The local community was surveyed to determine the perception of the local community about LULCC in GCCA. The analysis determined five land cover categories: forest, bare land, farm land, shrubland and grassland. The forest land cover type constituted about 2.12% of the total area of GCCA in 1986 and increased by 1.82% from 1986 to 2003. Bare land increased over the years. Farm land at the border of GCCA decreased from 517.4 ha in 1986 to 495.09 ha in 2003 but increased to 540.8 ha in 2015. Findings from local community survey implied change of government, population growth, agricultural expansion, fire wood collection and settlement and increasing infrastructures as the major causes for the land use change of area. For sustainability of the area, it is important to strengthen and promote the traditional community conservation system which has kept the area for over 400 years.

This study investigated the impact of community conservation on land use and land cover dynamics in Guassa Community Conservation Area (GCCA), located in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, in Ethiopia. The Guassa community has a long tradition of conserving the locally known GUASSA (Festuca macrophylla) grass, which is important for the livelihoods of the community in the area for roof thatching, household uses and income generation. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and to identify the causes of this change in the GCCA. Satellite data were obtained from LANDSAT satellite images taken in 1986, 2003 and 2015. These images were classified with a maximum likelihood algorithm under a supervised classification method in ERDAS IMAGINE software and LULCC was analyzed using spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS 10.4 software. The local community was surveyed to determine the perception of the local community about LULCC in GCCA. The analysis determined five land cover categories: forest, bare land, farm land, shrubland and grassland. The forest land cover type constituted about 2.12% of the total area of GCCA in 1986 and increased by 1.82% from 1986 to 2003. Bare land increased over the years. Farm land at the border of GCCA decreased from 517.4 ha in 1986 to 495.09 ha in 2003 but increased to 540.8 ha in 2015. Findings from local community survey implied change of government, population growth, agricultural expansion, fire wood collection and settlement and increasing infrastructures as the major causes for the land use change of area. For sustainability of the area, it is important to strengthen and promote the traditional community conservation system which has kept the area for over 400 years.

Globally, an increasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM), Indigenous resource management (IRM), and Indigenous-led research and management is emerging; yet, case studies within scholarly literature illustrating comprehensive application of these theories and philosophies are scarce. We present the collaborative management model for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) as a contemporary Indigenous Community and Conserved Area (ICCA) that has synergistically operationalized these principles, as well as one that approaches research as a reciprocal collaboration with the Indigenous people and local community (IPLC) of place. The Heʻeia NERR was designated in 2017 through a process led by IPLC members in Hawaiʻi. This research framework is aimed at informing EBM within social-ecological systems. It, therefore, serves as an example of a program designed to demonstrate and provide practical solutions for adaptive resource management. The framework of the Heʻeia NERR embraces the values, perspectives, and IRM strategies that have been foundational for the people of the Pacific to thrive sustainably in the context of limited resources for millennia. As a program, the Heʻeia NERR aims to build bridges between coexisting worldviews as a means of informing policy in the realms of conservation and sustainability. We do this by weaving together conventional and Indigenous science to collaboratively develop research and collaboratively produce new knowledge. We examine these issues through the lens of holistic ecosystem services that consider both the reciprocal benefits that humans provide to nature as well as the full range of existential benefits that humans gain from nature. Research collaborations between the Heʻeia NERR and its partners (University of Hawaiʻi, state and federal agencies, and Indigenous-led NGOs operating in the community) are grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) with applications that will guide a future of enhanced ecosystem services in a changing world.

This document contains the draft Chapter 6 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7 had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters.IPBES typically releases its Chapters publicly only in their final form, which implies a delay of several months post Plenary. However, in light of the high interest for the Chapters, IPBES is releasing the six Chapters early (31 May 2019) in a draft form. Authors of the reports are currently working to reflect all the changes made to the Summary for Policymakers during the Plenary to the Chapters, and to perform final copyediting.

This document contains the draft Chapter 6 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7 had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters.IPBES typically releases its Chapters publicly only in their final form, which implies a delay of several months post Plenary. However, in light of the high interest for the Chapters, IPBES is releasing the six Chapters early (31 May 2019) in a draft form. Authors of the reports are currently working to reflect all the changes made to the Summary for Policymakers during the Plenary to the Chapters, and to perform final copyediting.