Journal Paper

For decades, the prospect of transferring human consciousness to a non-biological substrate has been dismissed as fantasy by serious engineers. Three objections dominated: (1) no synthetic device could match the electrical and chemical signaling parameters of a biological neuron; (2) the bandwidth and biocompatibility of brain-computer interfaces were orders of magnitude too low; and (3) no hardware architecture could plausibly scale to the brain's ∼86 billion neurons within a feasible power budget. All three objections have been decisively weakened by published results in the past eighteen months. The question is no longer whether the fundamental devices can be built. It is how to integrate them into a coherent system, and how fast a focused program could proceed. This paper outlines that integration pathway, identifies remaining gaps, and proposes a staged technical roadmap with estimated timelines.

This paper proposes an original digital artificial neuron architecture designated the Temporal Gradient Adaptive Threshold Neuron (NTAGT), grounded on four integrated theoretical-technological pillars: (i) a dynamic firing threshold mechanism governed by a temporal context gradient operator; (ii) hierarchical control of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) at three functional abstraction levels-synaptic, cortical, and executive; (iii) integration of photonic memristive neurons for wireless three-dimensional neural network communication; and (iv) formal mathematical description via Emergence Calculus (EC), the author's original framework that models computational phase transitions as fractional-order differential operators acting over emergent state spaces. The proposed architecture-the Adaptive Photonic Neuron (APN)-is specifically designed for Edge AI applications in embedded systems with severe energy constraints, targeting sub-5 mW operation for 10,000-neuron networks. The unifying formalism of EC provides diagnosticability and phase control across all hierarchy levels, bridging the gap between neuromorphic hardware design and the theory of emergent computation in complex adaptive systems.

This research Paper rigorously analyzes the relationship between Islam and democracy in Muslim-majority countries, emphasizing their compatibility, points of contention, and the potential for participatory government. This study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating political theory, comparative politics, and Islamic jurisprudence, to examine the alignment of Islamic principles with democratic norms and the problems encountered in their integration. Case studies from Indonesia, Turkey, and Egypt are used to illustrate the diverse experiences and outcomes of this relationship. The research suggests that although Islam and democracy have intrinsic compatibilities, the implementation of participatory governance depends on contextual interpretations, institutional structures, and socio-political dynamics.

The pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) faces fundamental roadblocks in the unsustainable energy consumption and architectural rigidity of conventional von Neumann computing. This report presents a comprehensive analysis of neuromorphic computing as a foundational alternative, positing that its brain-inspired paradigm is a viable path toward truly general AI. By architecturally mimicking the brain's principles of massively parallel, event-driven, and memory-integrated computation, neuromorphic systems directly address AGI's requirements for extreme energy efficiency, inherent plasticity for lifelong learning, and real-time adaptability. A technical survey of leading hardware platforms, including Intel's Loihi 2 and IBM's TrueNorth, grounds the analysis in current technology. The report also critically examines the formidable software, algorithmic, and scalability challenges that persist. It concludes that while not a panacea, the core tenets of neuromorphic computing may represent a necessary, though not sufficient, condition for realizing sustainable AGI, likely through hybrid architectures. The profound ethical dimensions inherent in creating brain-like artificial minds are also addressed as a critical component of this forward-looking roadmap.

Siguiendo la línea de Annick Louis, que editó las clases de teoría literaria de Josefina Ludmer en la Universidad de Buenos Aires en 1985, Sylvia Saítta se ocupa de compilar las clases de literatura argentina que Beatriz Sarlo dio en la misma casa de estudios entre 1984 y 1988. A casi 40 años de la vuelta a la democracia, estos libros recuperan las primeras experiencias académicas del reformado plan de estudios de la carrera de Letras de la UBA en 1984, no como un signo de origen, sino como prueba de algo que nunca ha dejado de suceder.

This paper critically examines the evolving nature of democracy in the 21st century, questioning whether current governance structures truly reflect the principle of "government of the people, by the people, and for the people" or have become arenas for demographic contests. Amid an escalating lack of trust in governmental institutions and widespread discontent among the youth—a demographic that constitutes over 60% of the global population yet occupies less than 10% of leadership positions—the study explores the disconnect between democratic ideals and their practical implementation. Drawing upon historical and contemporary definitions of democracy, the analysis reveals that the institutionalization of democratic processes often leads to a concentration of power in the hands of a few, thereby marginalizing minority voices and perpetuating a modern form of majority tyranny. The paper further illustrates this paradox through examples such as Nigeria’s governance structure, where a disproportionately small number of elected officials represent millions of citizens, underscoring the potential for democratic systems to morph into pseudo-dictatorships. Ultimately, this work challenges conventional interpretations of democracy by highlighting the tension between collective will and individual rights, and by calling for a re-evaluation of democratic practices to ensure they genuinely embody inclusive governance.

Central pattern generator (CPG) models have long been used to investigate both the neural mechanisms that underlie animal locomotion, as well as for robotic research. In this work we propose a spiking central pattern generator (SCPG) neural network and its implementation on neuromorphic hardware as a means to control a simulated lamprey model. To construct our SCPG model, we employ the naturally emerging dynamical systems that arise through the use of recurrent neural populations in the neural engineering framework (NEF). We define the mathematical formulation behind our model, which consists of a system of coupled abstract oscillators modulated by high-level signals, capable of producing a variety of output gaits. We show that with this mathematical formulation of the CPG model, the model can be turned into a spiking neural network (SNN) that can be easily simulated with Nengo, an SNN simulator. The SCPG model is then used to produce the swimming gaits of a simulated lamprey robot ...

The discourse surrounding freedom of religion and expression in Muslim-majority countries is  complex and multifaceted, shaped by a myriad of factors including cultural, political, and legal dynamics. This volume examines the complex interplay of these factors within the contexts of Egypt and Malaysia, offering valuable insights into the challenges and advancements in safeguarding these fundamental freedoms. From the diverse interpretations of Islamic principles to the varying legal frameworks and the influence of global events, such as geopolitical conflicts and terrorism, on human rights dynamics, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of the complexities involved. Moreover, it delves into the historical, social, and political contexts that shape the protection and limitation of these freedoms, offering a nuanced understanding of the evolving discourse surrounding human rights in Muslim-majority countries. Through comparative analyses and discussions on the role of civil society and advocacy groups, this volume serves as an invaluable resource for scholars, policymakers, and activists seeking to deepen their understanding of the multifaceted realm of freedom of religion and expression in Egypt and Malaysia.

The past decade has witnessed the great success of deep neural networks in various domains. However, deep neural networks are very resource-intensive in terms of energy consumption, data requirements, and high computational costs. With the recent increasing need for the autonomy of machines in the real world, e.g., self-driving vehicles, drones, and collaborative robots, exploitation of deep neural networks in those applications has been actively investigated. In those applications, energy and computational efficiencies are especially important because of the need for real-time responses and the limited energy supply. A promising solution to these previously infeasible applications has recently been given by biologically plausible spiking neural networks. Spiking neural networks aim to bridge the gap between neuroscience and machine learning, using biologically realistic models of neurons to carry out the computation. Due to their functional similarity to the biological neural netwo...

Una interpretación detallada y abarcadora de "La muerte y la brújula", con una remisión constante a otros textos de Jorge Luis Borges, al género al que esta ficción se adscribe y subvierte y a las tradiciones textuales convocadas. Atribuyendo a los cuatro puntos cardinales los regímenes hipertextuales lúdico y satírico descritos por Gérard Genette y el orden de modalidades de figuración (basadas en los cuatro tropos maestros según Hayden White), ensayo una lectura de este cuento como alegoría del propio desarrollo literario de Borges (las revistas en que participó, los temas y escenarios que su literatura creó), de su relación respecto a las poéticas entonces recientemente canonizadas (Proust, Joyce, Kafka) y de la creación de un nuevo protocolo de lectura que pudiese dotar de leyentes a las ficciones borgeanas.

Wireless communications represent a rapidly emerging area of growth and importance for providing ubiquitous access to the network for all type of community. Nowadays, all community increasingly wants network access for general purpose at classrooms, meeting rooms, auditoriums, and even the hallways of campus buildings. Wireless communications can both support the institution mission and provide costeffective solutions. Wireless is being adopted for many new applications: to connect computers, to allow remote monitoring and data transceiver or acquisition, to provide access control and security, and to provide a solution for environments where wires may not be the best solution. Wireless technology will become our new life in the future. VI ABSTRAK Teknologi komunikasi tanpa wayar adalah teknologi yang semakin berkembang dengan pesat dan penting dalam memberikan kemudahan melayari Internet tanpa kabel kepada semua lapisan masyarakat. Hari mi, masyarakat semakin memerlukan kemudahan teknologi mi untuk tujuan harlan seperti di kelas, bilik kuliah, dewan, bilik mesyuarat, hinggakan di kawasan kolej. Teknologi komunikasi tanpa wayar mi memberikan kelebihan dan sokongan dalam mencapai misi sesuatu institusi dan memberikan pilihan yang berkesan dari segi kos penyelengaraan. Pada zaman mi hampir semua aplikasi baru mula menggunakan teknologi mi seperti: menghubungkan antara komputer, mengawasi alat secara jauh, menghantar dan menerima data, kemudahan mengawal dan keselainatan,, dan memberikan pilihan terbaik untuk sesuatu situasi dimana mengunakan wayar bukanlah pilihan yang terbaik. Teknologi in akan menjadi sebahagian danipada hidup kita pada suatu han nanti. vi'

The main objective of the study was to find out students liking regarding the various audio visual aids which can improve the lectures in Pharmacology in future in Nepal.This was a cross sectional questionnaire based study was carried out at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal between January-July 2013. Chi square test were used for analytical purpose. We calculated odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Questionnaire validation tests showed that the Alpha Cronbach was 0.68. Two eighty two preclinical medical students participated in the study. Two seventy two students completed the questionnaire completely and their responses were evaluated which gives an overall response rate of 96.45%. 52.6% of the students were males and rest were females. Based on the Nationality 41.2% were Indians followed by Nepali 30.1%, Srilankan 25.7% and Maldivian were 2.9%. According to the students the best teaching aids were combination of teaching aids was opted by 61% of the students followed by power point presentation 31.6%, black board 5.9% and dictating notes 1.5%. Most of the students preferred handouts after lectures 56.6% and 43.4% preferred taking notes during lecture classes. Female student preferred taking lecture notes whereas male students preferred taking handouts after the lecture class. It was found that male student has a [OR 4.834, 95% (CI 2.882, 8.109)] more tendency of taking hand outs after the lecture class as compared to taking down notes during lectures. This finding was statistically significant (P<0.05). It is concluded from the study that a combination of different Audio visual aids, viz. blackboard presentation and power point presentation together can improve the lectures and will facilitate the medical student to understand Pharmacology in a better way.

Pendidikan Islam memiliki tiga pengertian dari sudut pandanga bahasa, yaitu tarbiyah, taklim dan takdib.
Kata tarbiyah berasal dari tiga kata yaitu, raba, rabiya, rabba.  Kata rabba-yarbu dengan nama- yanmu yang berarti bertambah tumbuh menjadi besar. Kata rabiya-yarba dengan wazan khafia-yakhfa artinya naik, menjadi besar atau dewasa, tumbuh berkembang. Kata rabba-yarubbu dengan arti ashlahahu (memperbaikinya), tawalla amrahu (mengurusi perkaranya, bertanggungjawab atasnya).

It is required for every research, journal paper, and academic thesis or dissertation to have a scientific summary of the whole work. This paper aims to present some components of writing an ideal abstract in academic writing. A systematic literature review and personal observation were done to achieve this aim. It was found that an ideal abstract should have a title, author's name and other details, an introduction, the aim of the study, methodology, findings, conclusion, and some recommendations based on the study's findings. It was also noted that around five keywords must be included at the end of the abstract. Conclusively, if the highlighted components are written methodically, they will collectively provide a clear and organized overview of the research thereby helping readers and assessors to easily grasp the purpose, methodology, findings, and implications of the study. It was also recommended that scholars should always meticulously write abstracts for their scholarly works to enable readers and assessors to quickly decide on the work.

In design of analog circuits not only the gain and speed are important but power dissipation, supply voltage, linearity, noise and maximum voltage swing are also important. Noise limits the minimum signal level that a circuit can process with acceptable quality. Today analog designers constantly deal with the problem of noise because it trades with power dissipation, speed, and linearity. So in this paper a biquad GIC notch filter is design which provides low noise linearity. In this research, the design and VLSI implementation of active analog filter, based on the Generalized Impedance Converter (GIC) circuit, are presented. The analog features include the filter type (band pass, high pass, low pass or notch), the centre or cut off frequency, and the quality factor. The circuit is then modeled and simulated using the Cadence Design Tools software package. Active filters are implemented using a combination of passive and active (amplifying) components, and require an outside power source. Operational amplifiers are frequently used in active filter designs. These can have high Q factor, and can achieve resonance without the use of inductors. This paper presents a new biquad GIC notch filter topology for image rejection in heterodyne receivers and Front End receiver applications. The circuit contains two op-amp, resistors, and capacitor topology for testing purposes. It is implemented with standard CMOS 0.18µm technology. The circuit consumes 0.54 mW of power with a open loop gain 0dB, 1 dB compression point the linear gain obtained +7.5dBm at 1.1 kHz and 105 degree phase response , from a 1.8V power supply optimum.

The purpose of this research is to optimize the process parameters such as pouring temperature, pouring time and the thickness of coating using Taguchi mod in expandable polystyrene assisted investment casting process. In this paper, zircon flour and mullite sand with potassium silicate binder and coarse fused-silica sand stucco are used as coating materials. Problems like cracking, breaking, bending, expanding and distending in shell are eliminated by preheating the shell and slowly rise in temperature, during foam removal process. For maximum impact strength, the optimum values of process parameters-pouring temperature, pouring time and thickness of coating layers are 750°C, 15 seconds and 5 mm respectively.

Cognitive Radio is a promising way to overcome the spectrum scarcity for wireless communication and improving the spectral efficiency by using the vacant licensed spectrum band. Non-Cooperative communication is a new communication technique which utilizes the help of neighboring nodes to reduce the bit error rate (BER) in a harmful fading environment. The challenging factor is to combine the Non-cooperative communication in cognitive radio to improve the spectral efficiency and to reduce the BER factor of unlicensed user's communication. In this paper, a comparative study of different communication techniques are done by considering Rayleigh fading channel environment and the advantages of non-cooperative communication is analyzed.

Introduction: Practicing pharmacy in Libya is still limited to the dispensing roles. However, pharmacists have started to work proactively to advance modern practices by expanding their roles in different practice settings. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the status of pharmacy practice in Libya through self-assessing competencies of hospital and community pharmacists. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional online survey study of community and hospital pharmacists. The survey questionnaire was based upon the “Global Competency Framework for Pharmacists̶ and the Joint FIP/WHO guidelines on good pharmacy practice. Results: A total of 199 responses were received with 93% response rate. 47.0% were community pharmacists, 39.4% worked both in hospital and community, and 13.6% practiced exclusively in hospitals. 10% of respondents graduated in 1980–1989; 15% graduated in 1990–1999. 30% graduated in 2000–2009, and 45% graduated in the past 8 years before the study (2010–201...

The various trajectories of the development of the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D) programs in BRICS countries were reviewed individually, showing the progress of Pharm D programs in each context. Evidence from developed countries indicates that Pharm D programs have contributed towards the positive development of public health and a country's local health requirements, with well-trained clinical pharmacists having a key role in the health and economic development of these emerging powers. The health systems of BRICS countries are heavily challenged with a dual burden of disease, weak health infrastructure and public health initiatives. Thus, not only will the development of Pharm D programs in BRICS countries strengthen pharmacy education contributing to a pharmacy workforce more readily able to target health-related problems, demographic and epidemiological shifts; but will also better equip public health systems with more patient-centered pharmaceutical care necessary for evidence-based, individualized and cost-effective healthcare.

Objectives The objective of this study was to update the self-assessment tool and to evaluate current hospital pharmacy practices in six sub-Saharan African countries. Methods Questions in the validated survey were edited if the revised Basel Statement changed intent. A total of 13 updates were made. The survey was administered via e-mail to pharmacy personnel in any hospital centre in Ghana (258 total hospitals), Nigeria (17 038 total hospitals), Malawi (499 total hospitals), Uganda (155 total hospitals), Zambia (98 total hospitals) and Zimbabwe (1389 total hospitals). Snowball sampling increased reach of the survey across each country. Key findings Responses were received from all six countries, with nine respondents from Ghana, 15 from Nigeria, two from Malawi, five from Uganda, nine from Zambia and four from Zimbabawe. Uganda had the highest achievement rates for tier one and tier three constructs, and Ghana had the highest achievement rate for tier two constructs. Malawi showed...

Pharmacists and their new and important conquest! After many years of fighting, looking for a dream coming true, the Brazilian pharmaceutical community was awarded with the law 13.021, which was published August 11th, 2014, and entered into force September 25th, 2014. According to this important regulation, the pharmacies and drugstores are now considered a health unity. This completely changes, and improves, the relationship between the society and the pharmacists once the pharmacies and drugstores move from a business establishment to a place for pharmaceutical care and assistance, which means health assistance. It is worth to note that in this new model, the rational use of medicines is promoted thanks to the pharmacists' expertise. Besides, it helps implementing other activity of pharmacists, the drug prescription, which was approved more than one year before.

Investment casting is well-known for its distinguished characteristics such as manufacturing small industrial components of ferrous as well as nonferrous alloys used in aerospace, automobile, bio-medical, chemical, defense, etc. with closed tolerances at relatively low cost. These industrial components need to be defect free as well as must possess desired mechanical properties. This quality metrics (defect free castings with desired mechanical properties) is mainly driven by process parameters associated with different sub-processes of investment casting including wax pattern making, shell making, dewaxing, melting & pouring, and chemical composition of alloys. It is always challenging to identify such parameters affecting quality of investment castings. In this work, an application of Genetic Algorithm has been extended to identify critical parameters and their specific set of values affecting quality of investment castings. This technique is found be very useful in performing data analytics.

Background Professional organisations exist as international or national organisations, with each country establishing at least one national professional association. There remains a knowledge gap about factors that influence professional organisational involvement of pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. This study aims to explore the motivators and barriers of pharmacy professionals holding organisation membership from a global perspective. Methods An online questionnaire was developed and disseminated between May and July 2021. The survey was open to all pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. The survey consisted of four sections; demographic information, questions about professional organisations, about the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and its impact on the members. Data were analysed descriptively. Results A total of 1033 complete survey responses were received and included in the analysis. Of all respondents, 761 (73.7%) respondents were current membe...

Pelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi faktor internal dan eksternal terhadap tax compliance penyetoran SPT Masa. Penelitian ini merupakat jenis penelitian asosiatif dengan pendekatan kauntitaif. Data yang digunakan yaitu data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu nonprobability sampling dengan teknik sampling insidental. Alat analisis data yang digunakan adalah Partical Least Square (PLS) versi 3.0. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa sikap, kewajiban moral berpengaruh postif terhadap niat untuk patuh dan berpengaruh postif terhadap kepatuhan pajak dengan variabel moderating niat untuk patuh. Sedangkan Norma subyektif dan kontrol prilaku yang dipersepsikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap niat untuk patuh dan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kepatuhan pajak dengan variabel moderating niat untuk patuh. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan Niat untuk patuh dan sangsi hukum perpajakan berpengaruh postif terhadap kepatuhan pajak...

Islam and the Drive to Global Justice: Principles of Justice Beyond Dominant Ethnic and Religious Communities contributes to the current debate over Islam in a globalizing world by drawing on the contemporary and historical justice discourse within the Islamic traditions, and by examining policies and practices of global powers towards Muslim populations in the Global South. The discussions aim at bringing insights from Islamic authoritative sources and scholarly literature, and to enrich the current deliberation on the universality of modern values and the relevance of the Islamic traditions to advancing more inclusive notion of global justice. The book examines in particular several models rooted in the monotheistic traditions, crucial for overcoming three interrelated challenges facing the dispensation of justice in contemporary society: inclusivity, disparity, and selectivity. The book uses the normative framework it outlines to analyze the connection between European powers and the autocratic regimes in the MENA region. Several chapters in the book illustrate how supporting Arab autocracy contributes to the rise of religious extremism and has already produced failed states in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen that undermine both national and global peace and stability.

The article deals with the selected global phenomena of democracy as redefined at the end of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century, and focuses on Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s vision of a democratic state rooted in Islamic tradition. The author refers to Samuel Huntington’s concept of Democracy’s Third Wave and to the survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in the Middle East following the Arab Spring, which generally confirms the demands for democracy in the whole region. He also re-reads the work of Francis Fukuyama &quot;The End of History&quot; in the light of political and social transformations that have occurred in various places around the globe during the last 30 years and puts forward a thesis based on the concept of the &quot;long duration&quot; as proposed by the French Annales school of historical writing that there is no one universally approved model of democracy that could be implemented in every country. Nevertheless, the author makes a reference...

The present embedded system has been design and developed in order to measure, display and control polyhouse related environmental factors such as humidity, soil moisture and temperature by using 89E516RD microcontroller. In order to maintain favorable condition for plant growth in polyhouse the humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor along with microcontroller are deployed. The micro-controller based embedded system sense and display information on 16x2 LCD display and also provides automated ON-OFF control action for exhaust fan, heater and fogger. The result in the graphical format shows the response of embedded system under discussion. This system is cost effective, easy handling and has compact hardware.

The World Health Organization constitution declares that it is a fundamental right of every human being to enjoy the highest standard of health regardless of their racial, religious, and political or socio economic background. Challenges in not attaining the Alma Ata declaration by the year 2000 brought governments together in signing a Millennium Declaration at the 2000 Millennium Summit. Eight millennium development goals (MDGs) with time controlled targets to measure progress were listed. MDG 5 identified two targets for assessing progress in improving maternal health: reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015, and achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015. The leading cause of maternal deaths worldwide is due to obstetric haemorrhage. Other direct causes of maternal deaths are due to ectopic pregnancy, embolism and causes related to use of anaesthetic. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognised priority medicines for maternal health which form an essential constituent for combating maternal health complications. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia account for 84% of global maternal deaths, with haemorrhage as the leading cause of death in these regions. South Africa is a middle income country under the WHO Africa region, with a well-developed private sector and a stable macro-economy. Regrettably, South Africa appears amongst the 68 priority countries that have not made progress in reducing the maternal mortality rate since 1990. India, a lower middle income country also features amongst the 68 priority countries that have made insufficient progress in reducing their maternal mortality rate. With the countdown to 2015 drawing closer, the India and South Africa have a pressing obligation to take evocative steps to significantly decrease maternal mortality.

Background Professional organisations exist as international or national organisations, with each country establishing at least one national professional association. There remains a knowledge gap about factors that influence professional organisational involvement of pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. This study aims to explore the motivators and barriers of pharmacy professionals holding organisation membership from a global perspective. Methods An online questionnaire was developed and disseminated between May and July 2021. The survey was open to all pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. The survey consisted of four sections; demographic information, questions about professional organisations, about the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and its impact on the members. Data were analysed descriptively. Results A total of 1033 complete survey responses were received and included in the analysis. Of all respondents, 761 (73.7%) respondents were current membe...

In design of analog circuits not only the gain and speed are important but power dissipation, supply voltage, linearity, noise and maximum voltage swing are also important. Noise limits the minimum signal level that a circuit can process with acceptable quality. Today analog designers constantly deal with the problem of noise because it trades with power dissipation, speed, and linearity. So in this paper a biquad GIC notch filter is design which provides low noise linearity. In this research, the design and VLSI implementation of active analog filter, based on the Generalized Impedance Converter (GIC) circuit, are presented. The analog features include the filter type (band pass, high pass, low pass or notch), the centre or cut off frequency, and the quality factor. The circuit is then modeled and simulated using the Cadence Design Tools software package. Active filters are implemented using a combination of passive and active (amplifying) components, and require an outside power source. Operational amplifiers are frequently used in active filter designs. These can have high Q factor, and can achieve resonance without the use of inductors. This paper presents a new biquad GIC notch filter topology for image rejection in heterodyne receivers and Front End receiver applications. The circuit contains two op-amp, resistors, and capacitor topology for testing purposes. It is implemented with standard CMOS 0.18µm technology. The circuit consumes 0.54 mW of power with a open loop gain 0dB, 1 dB compression point the linear gain obtained +7.5dBm at 1.1 kHz and 105 degree phase response , from a 1.8V power supply optimum.

Objectives The Western Pacific Pharmaceutical Forum aims to foster Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). Our objective in this work was to develop and implement a process that equitably and constructively engaged pharmacy associations from the diverse cultures, languages and models of pharmacy practice in the WPR to identify common issues influencing the implementation of GPP. Methods The World Caf e concept was incorporated into a modified Tuckman's model for group development to conduct a workshop of leaders from the major pharmacy associations of the WPR. Facilitated discussion groups and collaborative decision-making were used to gather opinions and achieve agreement between the regional leaders. Key findings Participants reported the method to be open, systematic and enabled full contribution. Two major issues were identified in relation to each of the four key pharmacist roles associated with GPP. The regional pharmacy leaders agreed the common priority issue for implementing GPP as: 'National competency standards should be established to enable the formulation of professional development framework that lead to enhanced pharmacy practice and patient care' and developed a strategy and work plan to address this issue. Conclusions Identification of GPP issues and the common major priority occurred with shared knowledge of the current state of practice across the WPR. The adopted methodology overcame cultural and practice differences to ensure full and equal participation of all delegates. The approach ensured ownership by all participants of the strategy and work plan developed to address competency and professional development in the WPR.

Madrasah Aliyah Syaroful Millah Semarang adalah salah satu sekolah tingkat menengah atas yang terletak di jalan sunan kalijaga, kec. pedurungan – Semarang. Madrasah Aliyah Syaroful Millah Semarang memiliki misi bahwa di masa mendatang siswa Madrasah Aliyah Syaroful Millah Semarang mampu meraih kejuaraan dalam bidang akademik dan dapat menjadi insan yang kompetitif. Selama ini metode belajar mengajar yang digunakan kurang maksimal, siswa mudah jenuh, waktu belajar yang terbatas dan belum ada sarana untuk guru baru dalam mempelajari materi yang efisien. Untuk itu penulis mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis interaktif yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut khususnya pembelajaran ilmu Tajwid Al Qur’an. Media pembelajaran ini dikembangkan dengan pendekatan SDLC. Proses pembuatan materi dan animasi ditampilkan dalam bentuk Visualisasi menggunakan fasilitas Software Corel Draw X3, Camtasia Studio 5 dan Macromedia Flash 8. Hasil dari pengembangan tersebut telah menghasilkan s...

The need to know the current state of professional practice in Argentina in different areas, and the absence of systematic information about it, led to the organisation of a workshop with pharmacists from several different practice settings. The workshop provided a space for reflection and dialogue for the participants committed to improving pharmacy education and professional practice in Argentina. The objective of this report was to document the main points from this workshop; which allowed the participants to reinforce their identity as pharmacists, review health policies in Argentina and identify the strengths and weaknesses of pharmacy education and professional practice in order to work on the gaps observed. A list of future actions to be implemented in the work setting was drawn up and the representatives who would allow the implementation of necessary action plans and who expressed their commitment to act upon them were identified. This experience highlighted the need to strengthen the professional role of the pharmacist and demonstrated that this type of activity could contribute to pharmacy education and professional practice, and would allow the gathering of useful information for future guidelines to bring about the necessary changes for improvement of patient care. This report aims to share the results of the activities performed that reflected the present situation and the need for change. By transmitting their experience, the authors will allow others to replicate and adapt it to different contexts. This report contributes to the global knowledge regarding issues that impact pharmacy practice from the Argentinian perspective.

Objectives The objective of this study was to update the self-assessment tool and to evaluate current hospital pharmacy practices in six sub-Saharan African countries. Methods Questions in the validated survey were edited if the revised Basel Statement changed intent. A total of 13 updates were made. The survey was administered via e-mail to pharmacy personnel in any hospital centre in Ghana (258 total hospitals), Nigeria (17 038 total hospitals), Malawi (499 total hospitals), Uganda (155 total hospitals), Zambia (98 total hospitals) and Zimbabwe (1389 total hospitals). Snowball sampling increased reach of the survey across each country. Key findings Responses were received from all six countries, with nine respondents from Ghana, 15 from Nigeria, two from Malawi, five from Uganda, nine from Zambia and four from Zimbabawe. Uganda had the highest achievement rates for tier one and tier three constructs, and Ghana had the highest achievement rate for tier two constructs. Malawi showed...

Considering the importance of accreditation for hospital pharmacies, this study was to determine the challenges of medication management in hospital pharmacies affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The study was a mix-method research conducted in two qualitative and quantitative phases during the years 2014-2015 in Shiraz, Iran. National Accreditation Standard checklist for hospitals was used for data collection in the first phase, and Delphi method was applied in three rounds to achieve the most challenges of medication management and the related solutions. Results indicated a medium status of accreditation for all three dimensions in the above hospital pharmacies (3.53, 42.15 and 7, respectively). Lack of clinical pharmacists, nonparticipation of the pharmacy director in annual budgeting, lack of access to patient information, discontinuity of pharmaceutical care for patients discharged, defects in pharmacy staff training, lack of legislation in support of pharmacists and lack of adequate access to physicians' prescriptions, shortages in reporting medication errors, and lack of evidence related to microbial contamination are the most challenges extracted from the second phase. It seems that the studied hospital pharmacies encounter numerous problems regarding accreditation, pharmaceutical care as well as appropriate medication management and supply chain. Attempts to solve these problems can play an important role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of pharmacies in Iran.

The Investment castings generally employ wax as the pattern material whereas the present study is concerned with expandable polystyrene as the pattern material. The castings thus prepared are subjected to investigation of the surface roughness and porosity defects. The design of experiments has been done by Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. The various process parameters taken under consideration are mould firing temperature, pouring temperature, firing time and mixing of silica sand of different grain fineness numbers. The deductions made from readings rendered the variations in the trend of the aforesaid defects through it was concluded that roughness decreases with the increase in the preheating temperature and grain fineness number respectively. It increases with the increase in the pouring temperature of the molten alloy. It further shows a decreasing and increasing trend with the increase in the firing time. Porosity increases with the increase in the grain fineness number, preheating temperature, firing time and the pouring temperature of the molten alloy.

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of students and lecturers towards the development of Module-based digital TV Engineering System teaching materials, as well as comparing perceptions between students and lecturers towards the development of Module-based digital TV Engineering Systems teaching materials. This type of research is a type of expos facto research in which researchers collect data directly to respondents through data collection instruments. Data obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and observations. The data analysis technique is done by quantitative descriptive method. The results of the study found that students in the category really needed as many as 14 people or 35%, 13 people needed (32.5%) and in the enough categories also as many as 13 people (32.5%) while Lecturers in the category of very much needed were 2 people or 10%, needed 12 people (60%) and in the category enough as many as 6 people (30%). The results of the hypothesis test...

Borges, in his productions, showed his aptitude to generate new speeches departing from the classic genres. This way not only allowed him to construct new communicative possibilities but also it helped him to shape little by little new configurations of the individual, principally, as social subject. In this respect we will approach the «compadrito» in his process of decline and final. In «La muerte y la brujula» we will approach the different portraits that it he developed in a crossing to discipline of the areas socio-political and literary. From the first look he constructs by means of a fiction-not fiction type of social concrete individual of our Argentine history: the «compadrito». For it, he placed the prominent figures in a series of landscapes and spaces formed with plastic resources. Especially this observes in the treatment that it gave him to the conclusion of the work: «the periodic series of facts of blood that culminated in the Triste-Le-Roy Inn between the endless sm...

The electronic prescription system has emerged to reduce the ambiguity and misunderstanding associated with handwritten prescriptions. The opportunities and challenges of e-prescription system, its impact on reducing medication error, and improving patient&#39;s safety have been widely studied. However, not enough studies were conducted to explore and quantify the factors that affect rural patients&#39; compliance with e-prescription, especially from the perspective of Asian developing countries where most of the world&#39;s population resides. The objective of this study is to explore and assess the factors that affect rural patients&#39; primary compliance with e-prescription in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 95 randomly selected rural patients who received e-prescription through a field survey with a structured questionnaire from Bheramara subdistrict, Bangladesh, during June and July 2016. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the research hypotheses. The stud...

Purpose: To determine the potential value of an adapted questionnaire to discover the predictors of preceptors&#39; higher interest in precepting pharmacy interns and to evaluate preceptors&#39; motivational factors and incentives for teaching as well as their professional satisfaction. Method: A link to the survey study of adapted questionnaire (JSAMPPP) was e-mailed to all pharmacists registered with the Pharmaceutical Chamber of the Republic of Srpska. Pharmacists&#39; demographic and work experience characteristics, their attitudes related to motivation for precepting, value of incentives for precepting, job satisfaction, and influence of interns on pharmacists&#39; professional practice were obtained. Results: Half of the preceptors who reported feeling satisfied with their professional life also showed interest in teaching. In addition, teaching pharmacy students positively contributed to the overall job satisfaction of the preceptors. Pharmacy preceptors were found to be most...

The electronic prescription system has emerged to reduce the ambiguity and misunderstanding associated with handwritten prescriptions. The opportunities and challenges of e-prescription system, its impact on reducing medication error, and improving patient&#39;s safety have been widely studied. However, not enough studies were conducted to explore and quantify the factors that affect rural patients&#39; compliance with e-prescription, especially from the perspective of Asian developing countries where most of the world&#39;s population resides. The objective of this study is to explore and assess the factors that affect rural patients&#39; primary compliance with e-prescription in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 95 randomly selected rural patients who received e-prescription through a field survey with a structured questionnaire from Bheramara subdistrict, Bangladesh, during June and July 2016. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the research hypotheses. The stud...

Resumen: Borges, en sus producciones, mostró su capacidad de generar nuevos discursos partiendo de los géneros literarios clásicos. Así no solamente construyó nuevas posibilidades comunicativas sino que fue, poco a poco, plasmando novedosas configuraciones del individuo, principalmente como sujeto social. En este sentido abordaremos al «compadrito» en su proceso de declinación y su final. En «La muerte y la brújula» analizaremos los distintos retratos que desarrolló en un cruzamiento disciplinar de las áreas socio-política y literaria. Desde la primera mirada, Borges construye mediante una ficción-no ficcional un tipo de individuo social concreto de nuestra historia argentina: el compadrito. Para ello, colocó a los personajes en una serie de paisajes y espacios configurados con recursos plásticos. Sobre todo, esto se observa en el tratamiento que le dio al desenlace de la obra, «la periódica serie de hechos de sangre que culminaron en la quinta de Triste-le-Roy entre el interminable...