Land Grants

In spring 2023, students in the Historical Archaeology class at Palomar College in San Marcos, California, undertook the first archaeological excavations within and around a late nineteenth century adobe (CA-SDI-4674) in Escondido, California. Nine units were excavated to depths up to 40 cm in this initial session. The adobe is purported to have been the home of Elena and Parker Dear from ca. 1897 to 1904. Elena grew up at Rancho Guajome in Oceanside, California, and Parker became the owner of Rancho Santa Rosa in what is now Murrieta, California. They were well known for their hospitality and generosity, but a series of failed investments cost them their ranch. They moved from their 14-room Victorian home on 48,000 acres to this small adobe that Elena purchased and named Las Violetas in this out-of-the-way enclave known at the time as Aliso. This research presents the preliminary results of the spring 2023 archaeological excavations to determine if artifacts from the time that Elena and Parker Dear are thought to have lived at Las Violetas are present in the assemblage and whether those artifacts relate information about their socioeconomic status at that time. This paper was presented as a poster at the 2024 SCA Annual Meeting.

Prima facie, our field-site, the piedmont-scrublands of Ramanadi Basin, Tamirabarani productive landscape, in the South Indian peninsula, is a Historical Irrigated Landscape (HIL). However, here, we neither reiterate our field-site as a HIL in need of site-specific solutions, nor do we argue for evermore (sub)categories to manage such diverse heritage. Rather we draw on our interdisciplinary fieldwork and argue that the polysemic nature of landscapes and their components are part of their complex contextual lived realities. Continuing to see the multiple meanings and contestations exclusively as ‘wicked problems’ that impinge on practice and policy would be a disservice to the discipline’s well-documented histories of learning through praxis. An ethnographic approach enriched by archival and cartographic studies, which we developed over successive field engagements, enabled us to foreground the (in)adequacies of current heritage conservation-management models, as analytic and heuristic, and present a more progressive model for heritage conservation-management pedagogy.

Agriculture or Agrarian sector had played a crucial role
in our society. Study of Agrarian system and farming in India
provides fresh insights into the multidimensional role perform by
peasantry in economy, importance of monsoon, rise of seaports
into the emporium of international trade, number of taxes
collected by state, types of seasonal crops, condition of farmers
and as well as their status in society and finally their relationship
state officials and rulers. Although the conditions of peasants
hardly altered but still there were many new changes in the
agrarian structure in Medieval period. So, therefore, it is
importance to understand the agrarian system of India in
Medieval times.

In 1909 Clementina Black visited the British Museum and there she opened up and perused the several large leather bound volumes comprising the Cumberland Letters-a remarkable correspondence sent to and from George Cumberland (1754-1848),as well as his brother Richard Denison Cumberland. (George's mother was Elizabeth Balchen (1719-1796) whose sister Mary (1721-1798) married John Man(1718-1783)). Choosing only from the first of the sixteen volumes and covering just thirteen years-1771-1784, Clementina produced a book that she felt reflected the typical concerns of a large family living during the latter half of 18 th century. Considering that George Cumberland went on to live another sixty years after 1784, one can only wonder at how much more material, not least from a genealogical point of view, remains unmined among the fifteen remaining unopened volumes.

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): Social Studies Skills (3) C,D,E Lesson objective(s): 1. Interpreting and analyze primary sources. 2. Relate events and dilemas and issues to the topic. 3. Create critical judgment analysis of primary source. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: Immersive Reader - translation/audio tool. - Brief media clip on topic. (Opening/closing of class

Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve is one of the most important historic areas in San Diego County, containing 68 recorded archaeological sites. One site, the Los Peñasquitos Ranch House Complex (CA-SDI-8125/5220), has been the focus of numerous archaeological and architectural investigations since 1980. In 2010, the Palomar College Department of Behavioral Sciences Archaeology Division began conducting archaeological test excavations in the field and knoll areas adjacent to the Ranch House. Between September 2010 and December 2019, the students in the Palomar College Archaeological Field School excavated 75 units in those two locations to identify historic activity areas and structures. In the fall of 2021, Palomar College students analyzed various historic artifacts to incorporate into a report submitted by Palomar College to the County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation. This article presents the results of the analysis of historic ceramic household artifacts found in the vicinity of the Los Peñasquitos Ranch House.

During the mid-first millennium AD, new kingdoms and states emerged across South Asia. At this time, land grants made to Hindu temples are thought to have led to wide-ranging societal transformations. To date, however, neither the land-grant charters nor the changes they are said to have driven have been studied archaeologically. Here, the authors present the results of the first archaeological investigation of the charters and their landscape context. Bringing together the textual record with a survey of 268 religious and residential sites, the results establish historical baselines against which the longue durée developments of South Asian social, political and economic formation can be profitably re-posed.

During the mid-first millennium AD, new kingdoms and states emerged across South Asia. At this time, land grants made to Hindu temples are thought to have led to wide-ranging societal transformations. To date, however, neither the land-grant charters nor the changes they are said to have driven have been studied archaeologically. Here, the authors present the results of the first archaeological investigation of the charters and their landscape context. Bringing together the textual record with a survey of 268 religious and residential sites, the results establish historical baselines against which the longue durée developments of South Asian social, political and economic formation can be profitably re-posed.

During the mid-first millennium AD, new kingdoms and states emerged across South Asia. At this time, land grants made to Hindu temples are thought to have led to wide-ranging societal transformations. To date, however, neither the land-grant charters nor the changes they are said to have driven have been studied archaeologically. Here, the authors present the results of the first archaeological investigation of the charters and their landscape context. Bringing together the textual record with a survey of 268 religious and residential sites, the results establish historical baselines against which the longue durée developments of South Asian social, political and economic formation can be profitably re-posed.

During the mid-first millennium AD, new kingdoms and states emerged across South Asia. At this time, land grants made to Hindu temples are thought to have led to wide-ranging societal transformations. To date, however, neither the land-grant charters nor the changes they are said to have driven have been studied archaeologically. Here, the authors present the results of the first archaeological investigation of the charters and their landscape context. Bringing together the textual record with a survey of 268 religious and residential sites, the results establish historical baselines against which the longue durée developments of South Asian social, political and economic formation can be profitably re-posed.

During the mid-first millennium AD, new kingdoms and states emerged across South Asia. At this time, land grants made to Hindu temples are thought to have led to wide-ranging societal transformations. To date, however, neither the land-grant charters nor the changes they are said to have driven have been studied archaeologically. Here, the authors present the results of the first archaeological investigation of the charters and their landscape context. Bringing together the textual record with a survey of 268 religious and residential sites, the results establish historical baselines against which the longue durée developments of South Asian social, political and economic formation can be profitably re-posed.

Early Chinese elites were defined by their aristocratic control of land. That control came directly from the emperor and was documented on bronze ritual vessels, which were handed down from generation to generation. The land grant boundaries were defined using decorative symbols inscribed on bronze, and Western Zhou vessels containing these symbols were used to resolve land disputes. Methodical analysis comparing the inscriptions and symbols, combined with an understanding of early Chinese cartography and etymology, allows the bronze vessel land grants to be decoded.

This paper presents 32 different surveyor symbols on China's bronze ritual vessels. These symbols were surveyor landmarks for land grants. Early Chinese elite were defined by their aristocratic control of land. That control came directly from the emperor and was documented on bronze ritual vessels, which were handed down from generation to generation. The land grant boundaries were defined using symbols inscribed on bronze as decorations, and Western Zhou vessels containing these symbols were used to resolve land disputes. Methodical analysis comparing the inscriptions in relation to the symbols, combined with an understanding of early Chinese cartography and etymology, allows the bronze vessel land grants to be decoded.

Early Chinese elite were defined by their aristocratic control of land. That control came directly from the emperor and was documented on bronze ritual vessels, which were handed down from generation to generation. The land grant boundaries were defined using symbols inscribed on bronze as decorations, and Western Zhou vessels containing these symbols were used to resolve land disputes. Methodical analysis comparing the inscriptions in relation to the symbols, combined with an understanding of early Chinese cartography and etymology, allows the bronze vessel land grants to be decoded.

This excerpted narrative commemorated the 225th anniversary of the British occupation of Philadelphia and the Monmouth campaign and the New Jersey regiments’ role in those events. The appended account relates the surprise attack on the 2nd New Jersey Regiment and New Jersey militia at Haddonfield and Coopers Ferry on the night of 4/5 April 1778. Colonel Israel Shreve’s 2nd Regiment was cantoned at Valley Forge with Washington’s army until 19 March when the commander in chief ordered it to march into its home state “either to give protection to the inhabitants upon the Delaware or to the Salt Works upon the Coast." Particular orders were given that the regiment was "to go as light as possible and leave some careful Officer to take care of the Baggage left in Camp." On 22 March Colonel Shreve wrote from Burlington, New Jersey: "This Evening I Arrived with about 130 of my Regt. with orders to join the Militia ... The Remainder of my Regt. will follow in a few Days. I Shall here from the Governor tomorrow and then Expect to march with all Expedition" to take up new quarters at Haddonfield, where they arrived on March 25th or 26th. On May 13th Shreve’s regiment was joined by the 1st New Jersey near Evesham. By the end of May the four regiments of Brigadier General William Maxwell’s Jersey brigade were reunited at Mount Holly, New Jersey.