Last Chance Tourism

Neste artigo é feita uma revisão de literatura do tema Last Chance Tourism (LCT) com o objetivo de compreender quais as principais aplicações deste fenómeno e que consequências este fenómeno tem para os destinos. Como abordagem de pesquisa optou-se pelo estudo descritivo e explicativo. O termo LCT foi referido pela primeira vez na comunicação social em 2008 e em 2010 na literatura académica. Porém, o fenómeno foi anteriormente referenciado com outros termos: “turismo de catástrofe”, “turismo climático”, “turismo de extinção”, “veja antes que acabe”. Os principais resultados obtidos são a evidência das consequências associadas aos destinos de gelo, focando a problemática dos glaciares prestes a desaparecer devido a mudanças ambientais; turismo de animais em vias de extinção, incluindo caça, desaparecimento de cataratas, desgaste da grande barreira de corais, locais com grande desgaste associado ao número de visitantes, e ainda a lugares e objetos percebidos como símbolo de algo que e...

Neste artigo é feita uma revisão de literatura do tema Last Chance Tourism (LCT) com o objetivo de compreender quais as principais aplicações deste fenómeno e que consequências este fenómeno tem para os destinos. Como abordagem de pesquisa optou-se pelo estudo descritivo e explicativo. O termo LCT foi referido pela primeira vez na comunicação social em 2008 e em 2010 na literatura académica. Porém, o fenómeno foi anteriormente referenciado com outros termos: “turismo de catástrofe”, “turismo climático”, “turismo de extinção”, “veja antes que acabe”. Os principais resultados obtidos são a evidência das consequências associadas aos destinos de gelo, focando a problemática dos glaciares prestes a desaparecer devido a mudanças ambientais; turismo de animais em vias de extinção, incluindo caça, desaparecimento de cataratas, desgaste da grande barreira de corais, locais com grande desgaste associado ao número de visitantes, e ainda a lugares e objetos percebidos como símbolo de algo que e...

Last chance tourism presents an intrinsic paradox, while it provides visitors opportunities to experience tourist destinations threatened with disappearance, it also intensifies the impacts on these places, potentially accelerating their degradation. Such destinations, often linked to natural areas, suffer not only from the effects of climate change on the landscape and biodiversity but also have a significant impact on native peoples and local communities, adversely affecting socio-cultural aspects. The aim of this study was to identify and map tourist sites at risk of disappearing. Therefore, an exploratory methodological approach was adopted, complemented by the systematic mapping of scientific literature of a mixed nature, including both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results revealed that most studies focus on tourist destinations in glacial regions directly related to the intensification of global warming. However, few studies address anthropogenic effects, such as threats to predominantly natural destinations and attractions. Additionally, it was observed that there are few publications from Global South countries and regions impacted by environmental crises. Finally, this study seeks to advance the ongoing debate on the touristification of vulnerable spaces and the ethical limits associated with their promotion and the encouragement of visitation. El turismo de última oportunidad presenta una paradoja intrínseca: aunque ofrece a los visitantes la posibilidad de experimentar destinos turísticos amenazados por su desaparición, también intensifica los impactos en estos lugares, lo que potencialmente acelera su degradación. Estos destinos, a menudo asociados con áreas naturales, no solo sufren los efectos del cambio climático sobre el paisaje y la biodiversidad, sino que también generan un impacto significativo en los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales, afectando negativamente los aspectos socioculturales. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y mapear los sitios turísticos en riesgo de desaparecer. Para ello, se adoptó un enfoque metodológico exploratorio, complementado con el mapeo sistemático de la literatura científica, de naturaleza mixta, que incluyó análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los estudios se centran en destinos turísticos en regiones glaciales directamente relacionadas con la intensificación del calentamiento global. Sin embargo, pocos estudios abordan los efectos antropogénicos, como las amenazas a destinos y atracciones predominantemente naturales. Además, se observó que existen pocas publicaciones provenientes de países y regiones del Sur Global afectados por crisis ambientales. Finalmente, se espera que esta investigación contribuya con el debate sobre la turistificación de espacios vulnerables y los límites éticos implicados en su promoción e incentivo a la visitación. Crisis ambiental, cultura, turismo de última oportunidad Culture, environmental crisis, last chance tourism

Last chance tourism presents an intrinsic paradox, while it provides visitors opportunities to experience tourist destinations threatened with disappearance, it also intensifies the impacts on these places, potentially accelerating their degradation. Such destinations, often linked to natural areas, suffer not only from the effects of climate change on the landscape and biodiversity but also have a significant impact on native peoples and local communities, adversely affecting socio-cultural aspects. The aim of this study was to identify and map tourist sites at risk of disappearing. Therefore, an exploratory methodological approach was adopted, complemented by the systematic mapping of scientific literature of a mixed nature, including both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results revealed that most studies focus on tourist destinations in glacial regions directly related to the intensification of global warming. However, few studies address anthropogenic effects, such as threats to predominantly natural destinations and attractions. Additionally, it was observed that there are few publications from Global South countries and regions impacted by environmental crises. Finally, this study seeks to advance the ongoing debate on the touristification of vulnerable spaces and the ethical limits associated with their promotion and the encouragement of visitation. El turismo de última oportunidad presenta una paradoja intrínseca: aunque ofrece a los visitantes la posibilidad de experimentar destinos turísticos amenazados por su desaparición, también intensifica los impactos en estos lugares, lo que potencialmente acelera su degradación. Estos destinos, a menudo asociados con áreas naturales, no solo sufren los efectos del cambio climático sobre el paisaje y la biodiversidad, sino que también generan un impacto significativo en los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales, afectando negativamente los aspectos socioculturales. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y mapear los sitios turísticos en riesgo de desaparecer. Para ello, se adoptó un enfoque metodológico exploratorio, complementado con el mapeo sistemático de la literatura científica, de naturaleza mixta, que incluyó análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los estudios se centran en destinos turísticos en regiones glaciales directamente relacionadas con la intensificación del calentamiento global. Sin embargo, pocos estudios abordan los efectos antropogénicos, como las amenazas a destinos y atracciones predominantemente naturales. Además, se observó que existen pocas publicaciones provenientes de países y regiones del Sur Global afectados por crisis ambientales. Finalmente, se espera que esta investigación contribuya con el debate sobre la turistificación de espacios vulnerables y los límites éticos implicados en su promoción e incentivo a la visitación. Crisis ambiental, cultura, turismo de última oportunidad.

Review (PPR) is a new department introduced to expand the insights produced by the published papers in Tourism Recreation Research, particularly those attempting to develop a concept in pursuit of knowledge creation or pose some epistemological query and seek to fill in gap in received information and so on. PPR contributions (in <2000 words) which must be constructive, re-inventing, academic and prejudice-free are welcome.

last chance tourism, which can be described as the practice of tourism in environmentally damaged or threatened spaces, is an emerging trend that has been considered problematic due to the pressure that it places on already fragile environments. this article explores the possibilities of turning last chance tourism experiences into hopeful tourism experiences, by creating emotionally driven last chance tourism experiences in controlled and safe environments through digital storytelling. We draw on literature on transformative, hopeful and flourishing tourism to argue that last chance experiences provide unique opportunities for eliciting reflection among tourists and promote a greater environmental awareness if they are driven by emotionally engaging narratives. Our study explores the outcomes of an experiment conducted at the ajuda Botanical Garden (lisbon, Portugal) with a futuristic mixed-reality game that places users as members of a scientific expedition looking for plants that have become extinct in the twenty-second century. the results of this study show how the game's last chance narrative generated contradictory, mixed feelings among the participants, which ultimately led to hopeful existential reflection about nature conservation action. With this in mind, we reflect on the potential of transformative last chance tourism experiences guided by digital narratives.

Traditional fashion tourism is a form of shopping, creative and cultural tourism, which tries to use natural materials and cultural elements in designing. This study is especially concerned with the effect of promoting traditional fashion tourism in a destination. A qualitative method (content analysis), factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to discover the positive economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts of traditional fashion tourism. The empirical part of the present study was conducted from February 2019 to July 2019. The proposed model illustrated that promoting traditional fashion tourism in a destination brings about 6 positive economic impacts; 11 positive socio-cultural impacts and 4 positive environmental impacts. The results allow us to introduce a form of fashion tourismtraditional fashion tourismthat follows sustainability. This research also aims to contribute to filling the gaps between fashion tourism and sustainability by introducing a new form of fashion tourism named traditional fashion tourism.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on the tourism sector. With tourism numbers dramatically reduced, millions of jobs could be lost, and progress made in equality and sustainable economic growth could be rolled back. Widespread reports of dramatic changes to protected and conserved 1 area visitation have negative consequences for conservation finances, tourism businesses and the livelihoods of people who supply labour, goods and services to tourists and tourism businesses. This paper aims to share experiences from around the world on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on protected area tourism; and considers how to build resilience within protected area tourism as a regenerative conservation tool.

With the growth of smartphone usage the number of social media posts has significantly increased and represents potentially valuable information for management, including of natural resources and the environment. Already, evidence of using &#39;human sensor&#39; in crises management suggests that collective knowledge could be used to complement traditional monitoring. This research uses Twitter data posted from the Great Barrier Reef region, Australia, to assess whether the extent and type of data could be used to Great Barrier Reef organisations as part of their monitoring program. The analysis reveals that large amounts of tweets, covering the geographic area of interest, are available and that the pool of information providers is greatly enhanced by the large number of tourists to this region. A keyword and sentiment analysis demonstrates the usefulness of the Twitter data, but also highlights that the actual number of Reef-related tweets is comparatively small and lacks specific...

El presente trabajo se enfocará en la controversia ética que sugiere el deseo de conocer lugares o paisajes "turísticos" altamente frágiles por el cambio climático, denominada "la última oportunidad del turismo", desde la perspectiva del principio filosófico de la responsabilidad planteado por Hans Jonas (1984) y Karl-Otto Apel (1985). Se busca aportar al debate y construcción del principio de responsabilidad aplicado a la práctica turística de estos destinos, como un aporte conceptual desde la Geografía a una discusión ética del turismo. Palabras Clave: Turismo; Principio de responsabilidad; Cambio climático; Última oportunidad del turismo; Ética. The principle of responsability in the context of global climate change, as deliberative ethical framework for tourism.

Doğal afetlere ve tehlikelere karşı oluşan turist tepkileri turistik bir bölgeye olan ilginin periyodik olarak azalmasında etkilidir. Büyük bir afet potansiyel bir turistin turizm destinasyonu algısını etkileyerek turisti caydırabildiği gibi ölüm, afet ve yıkımla ilgili yerleri ziyaret etme merakına veya ilk ziyaret eden olma isteğine sahip turisti de destinasyona çekebilir. Bu çalışmada son şans turizmi, afet turizmi ve ikinci şans turizmine yönelik kavramsal bir çerçeve oluşturmak ve farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla derleme bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte literatürde bu turizm türleri üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı olması ve bu üç turizm türünün birlikte değerlendirildiği herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamış olması bu çalışmanın temel motivasyonunu oluşturmuştur.
Ulusal ve uluslararası raporlarda afetlerin sıklaşacağı, artacağı ve şiddetli hale geleceği belirtildiğinden, afet sürecine entegrasyonu daha hızlı sağlamak aynı zamanda da dezavantajlı durumu ekonomik olarak avantajlı hale getirmek için milyar dolarlık bir pazar büyüklüğüne sahip bu yeni turizm trendlerinin bilinirliğinin artırılması gerekmektedir. Çalışmanın amaçları doğrultusunda bu üç turizm türünün geleceğin turizm trendleri olabileceği ön görülmektedir.

For tourism to be entirely sustainable, one cannot travel. This is impossible. This paradox is particularly evident within last chance tourism (LCT), where tourists, seeking experiences with vanishing animals and land/seascapes, can accelerate the decline of those very attractions. Though recent studies hint that those with the highest intentions to visit LCT destinations are also some of the most concerned with climate change, no study has assessed the psychological drivers that may help explain why individuals are increasingly engaging in this paradox. Drawing on the VBN model, this research examines a theoretical framework to assess the psychological drivers behind individuals' intention to engage in environmentally responsible behavior while traveling and, ultimately, their desire to participate in LCT. Results reveal that a set of environmentally referent cognitions (i.e., values, environmental worldview, awareness of consequences, and ascription of responsibility) lead to personal norms activation, which then influence tourists' intent to behave in pro-sustainable ways and, ultimately, individuals' intentions to engage in LCT. Findings are important as they further confirm the benefits of using VBN theory within an LCT context. For practitioners, this research strengthens the appeal of sustainable tourism operations to secure business and receive positive word-of-mouth from potential LCT tourists.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on the tourism sector. With tourism numbers dramatically reduced, millions of jobs could be lost, and progress made in equality and sustainable economic growth could be rolled back. Widespread reports of dramatic changes to protected and conserved 1 area visitation have negative consequences for conservation finances, tourism businesses and the livelihoods of people who supply labour, goods and services to tourists and tourism businesses. This paper aims to share experiences from around the world on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on protected area tourism; and considers how to build resilience within protected area tourism as a regenerative conservation tool.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on the tourism sector. With tourism numbers dramatically reduced, millions of jobs could be lost, and progress made in equality and sustainable economic growth could be rolled back. Widespread reports of dramatic changes to protected and conserved 1 area visitation have negative consequences for conservation finances, tourism businesses and the livelihoods of people who supply labour, goods and services to tourists and tourism businesses. This paper aims to share experiences from around the world on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on protected area tourism; and considers how to build resilience within protected area tourism as a regenerative conservation tool.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on the tourism sector. With tourism numbers dramatically reduced, millions of jobs could be lost, and progress made in equality and sustainable economic growth could be rolled back. Widespread reports of dramatic changes to protected and conserved 1 area visitation have negative consequences for conservation finances, tourism businesses and the livelihoods of people who supply labour, goods and services to tourists and tourism businesses. This paper aims to share experiences from around the world on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on protected area tourism; and considers how to build resilience within protected area tourism as a regenerative conservation tool.

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Last Chance Tourism (LCT) has emerged in recent years as an adaptive response of the global tourism industry to the threats and opportunities of climate change. Referring to the act of travellers explicitly seeking out natural and/or cultural attractions that they deem to be at threat, LCT occurs in many of the World's most iconic and fragile tourism destination regions. While academic scholarship around LCT grows, authors are beginning to question the lack of attention paid to LCT's theoretical underpinnings. One potential contribution is Lefebvre's notion of a ThreeFold view of space, encompassing the interrelated forces of: spatial practice, representations of space, and spaces of representation as a conceptual framing for understanding the spatial dimensions of LCT in Churchill (Canada). Demonstrating both the totality of space and the interrelated nature of its constituent parts, Lefebvre's view of space offers a foundation for future empirical work looking to explore the host community perspective on LCT.

El presente trabajo se enfocará en la controversia ética que sugiere el deseo de conocer lugares o paisajes "turísticos" altamente frágiles por el cambio climático, denominada "la última oportunidad del turismo", desde la perspectiva del principio filosófico de la responsabilidad planteado por Hans Jonas (1984) y Karl-Otto Apel (1985). Se busca aportar al debate y construcción del principio de responsabilidad aplicado a la práctica turística de estos destinos, como un aporte conceptual desde la Geografía a una discusión ética del turismo. Palabras Clave: Turismo; Principio de responsabilidad; Cambio climático; Última oportunidad del turismo; Ética. The principle of responsability in the context of global climate change, as deliberative ethical framework for tourism.

El presente trabajo se enfocará en la controversia ética que sugiere el deseo de conocer lugares o paisajes “turísticos” altamente frágiles por el cambio climático, denominada “la última oportunidad del turismo”, desde la perspectiva del principio filosófico de la responsabilidad planteado por Hans Jonas (1984) y Karl‑Otto Apel (1985). Se busca aportar al debate y construcción del principio de responsabilidad aplicado a la práctica turística de estos destinos, como un aporte conceptual desde la Geografía a una discusión ética del turismo.

Anthropogenic climate change is causing significant changes to the cryosphere. Glaciers and glacier tourism are directly impacted, and glacier tourism operators must adapt to the disappearance of their main resource. Recent studies carried out in this context have demonstrated that Last Chance Tourism (LCT) has emerged as the motivation behind viewing or visiting a natural resource before it disappears. The most frequently visited French glacier is Montenvers-Mer-de-Glace (1920 m a.s.l.), which is becoming a LCT destination. Results from both qualitative and quantitative methods demonstrate that visitors come to Montenvers mainly for its environmental features and for LCT purposes. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) shows that motivations can be classified into LCT and five other factors. Qualitative data identify ‘Fame’ as an unexpected motivational category, and different motivational dimensions of each category are explored. Concerning LCT motivation, four dimensions are revealed: observing, understanding, a sense of urgency, and witnessing environmental changes. Moreover, the more respondents are aware of climate change, the more they consider LCT motivations important. These results lead us to link LCT to cognitive dissonance. Finally, we propose that future research should explore LCT and its relationship with media coverage and pro-environmental behaviour.

Being always a popular issue despite being called differently on media, last chance tourism (LCT) has become a significant matter in tourism literature in recent years due to the increase in global warming and world population. Even though LCT has emerged in relation to visit demands to destinations under the threat of disappearance in Arctic regions, the concept is now not only used for destinations disappearing due to environmental changes but also for places disappearing due to anthropogenic reasons. The most important aspects of this concept are its relation with other tourism types and the paradox that it creates because of its impacts on the environment. These two aspects of this concept are still discussed in tourism literature. With regard to this discussion, the purpose of this study is to examine LCT and its paradox in the literature in detail; to discuss the term with regard to Turkey and to determine possible last chance destinations in Turkey with an emphasis on Hasanke...

Last chance tourism (LCT) is defined by tourists’ urgent visits to landscapes and seascapes, natural environments and places of social and cultural importance/heritage before they disappear. The obliteration of these environments is attributed to the rapid and destructive effects of global environmental change and globalization. These are leading to the demise of natural systems including polar regions, coral reef systems and biodiversity, in addition to cultures and traditions. Scholarly investigations to date reflect on the contention between the experiential gain in visiting destinations before they disappear on the one hand, and the losses to, and demise of, those very destinations through such visits. Despite above-global-average rise in temperature, increasingly frequent droughts and flooding, as well as rapid globalization, the South African experience on LCT destinations remains under-investigated. This paper will therefore explore destinations where cultural groups are threatened, fauna and flora are on the brink of extinction, and landscapes are changing for the worse. Future research opportunities are identified and conceptual concerns are discussed.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, son şans turizminin destinasyon pazarlaması
açısından önemini ortaya koymak ve bu önemi Hasankeyf örneği üzerinden
incelemektir. Son şans turizmi, yok olmak üzere olan destinasyonların, yok
olmadan önce ziyaret edilmesini içeren turizm türüdür. İnsanların bu
destinasyonlarla ilgili yayınları takip edebileceği en ulaşılabilir medya