Low Pass Filters

This study describes a memcapacitor emulator without a multiplier that make use of second-generation current conveyor (CCII), operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and the fewest possible passive components. The proposed memcapacitor is proved mathematically and verified using several simulation approaches, such as process corner, non-volatile and hysteresis analysis. Also, provided the layout of CCII and OTA as well. The standard CMOS 90 nm technology is used in the Cadence Virtuoso tool to simulate the proposed memcapacitor emulator. This article also includes the use of memcapacitor emulator in the applications of R-C frequency selective network as well as adaptable neuromorphic structure. To investigate the experimental outcomes, an experimental setup was constructed with commercially available integrated circuits (ICs) CCII's AD844AN and OTA's CA3080EZ.

In this paper an effective size reduction technique using fractal structure is suggested. The proposed technique has been applied on a band stop and a low pass filter separately. This technique provides 42% reduction of size for the band stop filter and about 26% for the low pass counterpart. Both the designed structures are fabricated and the measured results are compared with the simulated results. The proposed technique does not require any recalculation or optimization of dimensions of the filter, and is straightforward to implement. The band stop filter is designed for the center frequency of 3 GHz where as the cut-off frequency for low pass filter is 2.5 GHz. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. A comprehensible explanation of the proposed technique is also provided.

Pan-sharpening is the process of improving spatial resolution of multi-spectral (MS) satellite images using the spatial details of a high resolution Panchromatic (PAN) image. Pansharpening can be divided into scaling and fusion processes. In the first part of this paper we use Induction instead of bicubic interpolation for up-scaling the MS images. SFIM (Smoothing Filter based Intensity Modulation) is used to obtain fused MS images for the two different scaling techniques. In the second part, "Indusion", a new fusion technique, derived from Induction, is proposed. In this technique the high frequency content of the PAN image is extracted using a pair of up-scaling and downscaling filters. It is then added to the up-scaled MS images. Finally a comparison of Indusion with Intensity, Hue, Saturation (IHS), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and SFIM fusion techniques is presented for IKONOS satellite images.

Este trabajo presenta la implementación y análisis de técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes en el dominio de la frecuencia. Se utilizaron imágenes de diversas fuentes: radar de apertura sintética (SAR Sentinel-1) con y sin filtrado speckle previo, imágenes ópticas multiespectrales (Landsat 8, Banda Roja) y una imagen RGB de alta resolución capturada por

In this paper we address two problems related to the parametric reconstruction of the diffusion signal in the complete 3D Q-space. We propose a modified Spherical Polar Fourier (mSPF) basis to naturally impose the continuity of the diffusion signal on the whole space. This mathematical constraint results in a dimension reduction with respect to the original SPF basis. In addition, we derive the expression of a Laplace regularization operator in this basis, and compute optimal regularization weight using generalized cross validation (GCV). Experiments on synthetic and real data show that this regularization leads to a more accurate reconstruction than the commonly used low-pass filters.

A HEVC-based scalable 3D video coding system is proposed. The proposed system supports scalable transmission of multiview video data with depth maps. Key technologies in this system are reference picture management, reference picture list construction, and cross-layer dependency signaling. All the proposed technologies are used for the development of video coding system for UHD stereo display and glassless 3D display.

Improving sensorless control performance in elevator drive systems using three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) has become increasingly popular to reduce costs and enhance system stability. The primary operation of the elevator involves motor mode when the cabin moves upward and shifts to generator mode or braking mode under the influence of gravity when moving downward. This presents significant challenges for sensorless control. To address these issues, the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based on the mathematical d-q axis model of the PMSM is proposed to estimate rotor speed and position. Combined with fieldoriented control (FOC), this method optimizes performance and precisely controls motor torque without requiring physical sensors. Additionally, a low-pass filter is employed to process input signals, such as voltage and current, to improve estimation accuracy and optimize speed response. Simulation results from MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate highly accurate speed responses, particularly under continuous load variations.

This paper highlights three new topologies which realize universal current-mode (CM) biquads employing only three multiple-output-Current-Conveyors (MOCC) and all grounded passive elements while providing tunability of all the three filter parameters namely, bandwidth (ϖ 0 /Q 0 ), angular frequency (ϖ 0 ) and gain (H 0 ). One of the new circuit is shown to lead to a novel electronically controllable universal CM biquad when MOCCs are implemented as Current-Controlled-Conveyors with multiple outputs. The workability of the CMOS versions of the new biquads, as well as that of the bipolar version of the electronically controllable biquad, has been confirmed by PSPICE simulations.

Power distribution systems (PDS) on printed circuit boards (PCB) have increasing complexities associated with them. Multiple voltages, lower voltage levels, higher frequency content, increasing supply demands, and parasitics magnify sensitivities to transients and noise voltage/current. Capacitors are typically used as a local source of energy to suppress transients and provides a low-pass filter operation for noise by providing low impedance. This paper investigates the impedance properties of standard multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and compares them to the X2Y® technology circuit 2 configuration for use in decoupling applications.

This paper analyses the signal distortions in phase generated carrier demodulation schemes used in fibre optic sensing applications due to errors in the estimation of the quadrature components of the signal at the output of low pass filtering stage.

The objective of this document is to provide a technical response to a widely circulated article [1], co-authored by P. Ioannou, K. Narendra, A. Annaswamy, S. Jafari, L. Rudd, R. Ortega, and J. Boskovic, in which the authors “have come together” to express “with one voice” their “growing concern” about the claims on performance and robustness guarantees of L1 adaptive control. The article has been submitted to IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, and was also sent to funding agencies, government, industry, as well as academic communities. I was invited to provide a technical review for the article by IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, which I formally declined because of two reasons. First, the document violates the objective standards for scholarly publications, and it seems to be written in an ill-spirited tone. Second, it is so wrong that it is clear that the authors did not put any effort to follow up on our work and rushed to create a document that shows complete lack o...

Effect of turbulence on wildfire propagation 1 STEFANO LEONARDI, MARTAND MAYUKH GARIMELLA, UMBERTO CIRI, The University of Texas at Dallas -Wildfires are natural hazards which pose existential threat to humanity and nature. To ensure minimal damage, predictive monitoring systems have been established and are being improved by research. In recent times, numerical fire prediction models have been developed by coupling numerical weather prediction (NWP) models with fire propagation models. However, to minimize computational time, the NWPs are run at a coarser resolution relative to the resolution of the fire models. This gap in resolution is counterproductive as details of small scale interactions, which can lead to extreme events such as crown fires, are neglected. To investigate this effect, large eddy simulations (LES) are performed to propagate a two dimensional fire front using the level-set method which is advanced in time by a third-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The heat flux generated from the fire is fed back to LES as boundary condition and the effect of buoyancy on wind propagation is included to model a realistic fire weather interaction. From the simulation data, the effects of small scale turbulence structures and change in local atmospheric conditions on fire spread are analyzed. The LES simulation results are compared with the weather research and forecast (WRF) model simulation for wildland fire.

In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a masters degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of this thesis is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with the "fair use" as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Any other reproduction for any purposes or by any means shall not be allowed without my written permission. The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government.

In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a masters degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of this thesis is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with the "fair use" as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Any other reproduction for any purposes or by any means shall not be allowed without my written permission. The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government.

There is no fundamental difference between lag-windowing a correlation sequence and multiple-windowing a data sequence when the objective is to reduce the mean-squared error of a spectrum estimator. By analyzing the approximate low-rank factorization of a bandlimiting Toeplitz operator, we find that lag-windowed (or spectrally smoothed) spectrum estimators have multiple-data-windowed implementations. This makes the Blackman-Tukey-Grenander-Rosenblatt spectrogram equivalent to the Thomson spectrum estimator (and vice-versa), meaning BTGR spectrograms may be implemented in a multichannel filterbank version of the Thomson estimator. Ŝ(e j ) = y 3 D(e j )Q(0)D(e 0j )y; Q(0) 0: (3) This representation will allow us to explore the similarities between different estimation procedures. Manuscript

The present work proposes a new current-mode, programmable Kerwin Huelsman Newcomb (KHN) filter suitable for very low frequency processing. The proposed implementation, developed with only six current mirrors and two large-valued, programmable active resistors, solves some of the more challenging problems of low frequency filtering. HSPICE simulation results using BSIM3.3 models for a 0.5-µm CMOS technology, are shown. Center frequencies in the range of 12.4 Hz -33 Hz, total harmonic distortion less than 1 %, and static power consumption of 1.05 mW, were observed.

This paper presents the first real and well tested prototyping duty cycle modulation (DCM) signal transmission system. The experimented system is applied to the transmission of ECG signals. It consists of an ECG signal acquisition system, a duty cycle modulation transmitter, a coaxial cable transmission medium and finally a simple low-pass filter as receiver. After a brief review of the literature highlighting the interest of this experiment, we analytically developed different parts of the proposed system. The experimental workbench and main results obtained are presented. These yield very good results since in addition to the high quality of ECG signal reconstitution, we manage to eliminate the power line interference induced during transmission. These results experimentally confirm the feasibility as well as new perspectives of using the proposed systems as a simple remote biomedical instrument.

The analytical design procedure of lowsensitivity, low-power, low-pass (LP) 2 nd -and 3 rd -order class-4 active-RC allpole filters, using impedance tapering, has already been published [1][2]. In this paper the desensitisation using impedance tapering is applied to the design of LP 4 th -order filters. The numerical design procedure was performed by Newton's iterative method. Analytically designed unity-gain LP 4 th -order filters [3] can provide initial values for Newton's method. The sensitivities of a filter transfer function to passive component tolerances, as well as active gain variations are examined by the Schoeffler sensitivity and Monte Carlo PSpice simulation. Butterworth and Chebyshev 0.5dB filter examples illustrate the design method.

This paper presents a comparative assessment of feed-forward schemes in hybrid control schemes for antiswaying and trajectory tracking of a double-pendulum-type overhead crane (DPTOC) system. A nonlinear DPTOC system is considered and the dynamic model of the system is derived using the Euler-Lagrange formulation. To study the effectiveness of the controllers, initially nominal characteristics following trajectory following (NCTF) is developed for position control of cart movement. The controller design, which is comprised of a nominal characteristic trajectory (NCT) and PI compensator, is used to make the cart motion follow the NCT. This is then extended to incorporate feed-forward schemes for anti-swaying control of the system. Feed-forward control schemes based on input shaper and filtering techniques are to be examined. The input shaper and filtering techniques with different orders were designed based on properties of the system. The results of the response with the controllers are presented in time and frequency domains. The performances of hybrid control schemes are examined in terms of level of input tracking capability, sway angle reduction and time response specifications in comparison to NCTF controller. Finally, a comparative assessment of the control techniques is discussed and presented.