Maori Studies

Professor Moolya Vijayalakshmi's contribution to language studies extends beyond her own research endeavors. By motivating her children to engage in linguistic research, she exemplified her profound commitment to and passion for language. This significant aspect has been incorporated into the present article.

The classical method of loci has long served as a foundational technique for organizing information through imagined spatial environments. Although historically associated with mnemonic performance, its underlying principle-structuring cognition through spatialized mental architectures-remains relevant to contemporary theories of symbolic processing, metacognition, and cognitive scaffolding. This article reexamines the method of loci as an early form of structured internal environment and analyzes its limitations within modern cognitive demands. We then introduce the Nemosine System as a post-mnemonic, symbolic-modular architecture that extends spatial cognition beyond memory enhancement, functioning instead as an operational cognitive framework with distributed agents, epistemic regulation, and functional mental environments. The comparison highlights how classical spatial techniques can evolve into dynamic symbolic systems relevant to AI-assisted cognition and internal cognitive engineering.

There are many known factors that can help or hinder Indigenous students undertaking tertiary study, but little is known about how Māori students experience Māori studies courses specifically. Against the backdrop of low Māori student retention in universities and the short history of Māori studies as a field of study, this article shares findings from a thematic analysis of interviews with Māori students in Māori studies. It proposes a framework, Te Ara Mātauranga, which organises new findings about Māori cultural enclaves, aspirations, engagement, learning opportunities, and support. Ultimately, this article distinguishes the experiences of Māori students in Māori studies from previous generic research about Māori students in tertiary education and identifies a set of consequential challenges and opportunities.

Tulisan ini akan lebih banyak bicara tentang upaya-upaya yang selama ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan bangun pendidikan kehumasan yang ideal. Tulisan diawali dengan perlunya pendidikan kehumasan, dilanjutkan dengan paparan elemen pendidikan kehumasan yang perlu dimasukkan dalam kurikulum didikuti paparan isi materi, dan diakhiri dengan paparan beberapa metode pembelajaran dalam pendidikan kehumasan

Memahami public relations bukanlah hal yang mudah dan sederhana. Public relations mengalami perkembangan yang cukup dinamis. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut, dan nantinya akan mempengaruhi masa depan public relations. Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada pemaparan masa depan public relations sebagai sebuah profesi. Secara khusus tulisan ini akan dibagi menjadi tiga pokok bahasan, yaitu perkembangan public relations serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, etika public relations sejalan dengan perkembangan yang terjadi, serta diakhir dengan harapan dan visi misi masa depan public relations

La historia de Te Nohoaka o Tukiauau o Sinclair Wetlands nos revela diferentes modalidades de vivir su naturaleza desde el establecimiento del ser humano. Estos humedales se sitúan cerca de la ciudad de Dunedin, en la región de Otago al sureste de Te Waipounamu, es decir, la Isla Sur de Aotearoa Nueva Zelanda. A lo largo del tiempo,  han sido habitados por parte de (1) la tribu maorí de los Kāti Māmoe, (2) los colonos occidentales y devueltos finalmente a (3) la actual tribu de los Kāi Tahu. A través del  (1) pūrākau, una antigua narración maorí que protagoniza el taniwha o guardián monstruoso Matamata, se mostrará la coordinación estructural de los Kāti Māmoe con la naturaleza, considerando su valor intrínseco. Observando (2) la toponimia de la zona, aflorará la profunda modificación del entorno a manos de los asentamientos coloniales después de 1844, quienes lo tenían en consideración como paisaje pasivo a explotar o preservar, de forma alternativa. Llevando a cabo una investigación de (3) la gestión de los recursos físicos, a raíz del mantenimiento de una relación con la dimensión espiritual desde 1998 por parte de los Kāi Tahu, se mostrará una ‘colectividad natural’ basada en el whakapapa, o sea en la estratificación intergeneracional del mana o autoridad y poder. Estas tres fases de relaciones entre el ambiente de los humedales y los diferentes grupos humanos desvelan diferentes ideas de ‘naturaleza’ que corresponden a distintas visiones de la vida y de como vivirla. Se analizarán estos vínculos cuestionando cómo se aplica la kaitiakitaka o custodia de la naturaleza, la cual es entendida como ‘casa’ según la Oikologie del filosofo alemán Hans Rainer Sepp. En el contexto de las tres diferentes perspectivas culturales mencionadas, la definición misma de naturaleza resultará como las posibles relaciones entre el ambiente y las personas que lo habitan.

Operationalising Indigenous rights and resistance involves strategic growth, emphasising collective empowerment and innovative knowledge dissemination within Indigenous communities. This paper will focus on the balance between operationalisation and resistance in the context of self-determination and social justice for Tapuika (Sacred Fish), a Māori tribe who are the sole case study of this research. Te Takapū o Tapuika (The Belly of Tapuika) is the ancestral homeland, located in the North Island of Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ). Tapuika survived historical trauma from more than one and a half centuries of colonial violence by the NZ State; through all of this, Tapuika have maintained their claim to Indigenous sovereignty and selfdetermination. Colonialism, lawfare and dispossession are the foundations of the State; ethnic cleansing, involving scorched earth policy and vast land grabs, dispossessed Tapuika of more than 95% of their ancestral homeland (Marsh et al., 2005). The study frames the achievement of social justice and rights in terms of internal and external justice, emphasising healing and resistance. This paper concludes that operationalising Indigenous rights and resistance requires a strategic balance to achieve the structural and constitutional transformation necessary to rectify injustices within the hierarchy of rights, thereby enabling Indigenous communities to enjoy self-determination and social justice fully. This research addresses a gap in the literature by demonstrating how rights-based and resistance-based approaches can be operationalised to advance selfdetermination and Indigenous liberation. This paper aims to activate community engagement while also contributing academically to Indigenous policy and strategy.

The previously formulated model for the evolution of the genetic code was shown to clarify why base triplets of some precursor amino acids differ by a single base from product amino acid codons, while others show less homology. First, the model indicated that the direction of code evolution changed on expansion from the N-fixers code (stage 2). Growth of the code from 16 codons in the NAN column (N, any standard nucleotide) proceeded by assignment of codons in the GNN, ANN, CNN and UNN rows. Expansion phase (stage 4 to 7) precursor/product pairs that spanned this shift included aspartate/threonine, aspartate/methionine and glutamate/proline. Both 5' and mid-base differ in the codons of each of these pairs. Second, post-expansion additions (stage 9 to 14) required codon reassignment, eliminating initial correlations. Codons for the post-expansion pair, aspartate (glutamate)/arginine, also differ at both 5' and mid-base sites. Third, the distribution of core structure groups among acceptors indicated that variant tRNA specific for a sibling, rather than precursor, commonly participated as cofactors in early amino acid synthesis. Sibling pairs, rather than precursor/product pairs, then exhibit codon correlations. On removing these sources of variation, highly significant correlations emerged between codons assigned to biosynthetically related amino acids.

In comparing legal deglobalization and illegal globalization, one can confidently state that legal deglobalization is largely an artificially-induced process, driven by policies such as trade tariffs, whereas illegal globalization emerges from natural economic forces, albeit outside the law.  The coexistence of legal deglobalization and illegal globalization intensifies the confrontational nature of modern globalization, signaling a more severe and complex stage of confrontational globalization. (In Chinese.)

Scholarship in Pacific and Indigenous studies has made decisive contributions to understanding how colonial governance depends upon cartographic practices that miniaturize islands, abstract oceanic worlds, and render Indigenous homelands administratively available. Archipelagic approaches have unsettled these narratives by restoring relational understandings of land, sea, ancestry, and mobility. This article accepts those interventions as foundational but argues that exposure alone cannot reorganize authority for communities living amid continuing militarization, extraction, and dependency. Moving beyond critique, I propose an infrastructural turn. If relational epistemologies are acknowledged as real, what institutional forms must follow? How might governance, economic planning, environmental regulation, and knowledge production change once oceanic connection is treated as jurisdictional fact rather than poetic metaphor? Drawing on examples from land tenure complexity, consultation regimes, marine policy, genealogical reconstruction, language work, and regional organizing in the Marianas, I argue that decolonization requires durable vessels capable of carrying Indigenous authority across generations. Remapping, in this account, becomes meaningful when it builds. Table of Contents 1. Introduction: The Problem After Recognition 2. Archipelagic Scholarship and Its Achievements 3. The Administrative Gap 4. When Relation Governs: Implications for Law and Policy 5. Institutionalization as Decolonial Practice 6. Cases of Emergent Infrastructure in the Marianas 7. From Visibility to Authority 8. Conclusion: Construction as Continuity 9. References

The decision of the New Zealand government at the end of September not to join its traditional allies, Australia, Canada and the UK, in belatedly recognising a Palestine state surprised many people at home and abroad. It may have been primarily a decision about foreign policy. However, it also told us something important about the condition of the country's domestic politics that was downplayed in much of the subsequent commentary.

The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera was the most lethal volcanic event in New Zealand colonial history, destroying Māori settlements and burying the famed Pink and White Terraces in ash. The traditional landowners were forced from their ancestral lands for generations. As many bodies were never recovered, the Māori casualty toll was tentative, and uncertainty remains. The Tarawera eruption narrative is Eurocentric. Māori survivors of the eruption were poorly documented. This transdisciplinary study re-evaluates Māori survivor and media accounts and photography through the lens of Hochstetter’s 1859 survey bearings and large-scale mapping. Together with archaeological records, these help establish the coordinates of pre-eruption Māori settlements. Relocating Te Ariki proved key to the analysis, as did Totarariki, Matakana, Tokiniho and Waitangi. Gaps in the historical record exist for Te Rata Bay and Oneroa Bay at Lake Tarawera. These led to recognition of a third, undocumented mortality cluster of 23 people at a previously unknown location. Some families escaped the Red Zone, and at least one undocumented Māori survivor is known to have escaped. Statistical and Time and Distance studies were made to examine the likelihood of survivors escaping the lake settlements before the eruption's base surges overwhelmed the Rotomahana Basin. Many casualties were likely caused by a toxic gas cloud. The research will assist the traditional landowners to relocate settlements, help reconcile casualty estimates and inform as to whether the ancestors’ Flight or Freeze decisions were optimal.

Over the past 190 years there have been at least eight specific attempts by national groupings of Maori leaders to achieve a collective and representative governance voice based on the promises of He Whakaputanga (The Declaration of Independence) and Te Tiriti (the Treaty of Waitangi).

Too often in matters seeking Kotahitanga, the unity of purpose, togetherness or collective action needed to deliver such a collaborative voice, the vision of T.W Ratana and what he stood for is ignored or relegated to a footnote. Perhaps the wider story of what he proposed and achieved is not well enough known or the various tribal entities are unsure where to place his pan-tribal thinking.

Presenting Method Example 1 Active amplification with Māori terms The tuatara, the ancient lizard with its third eye 2 Annotation after Māori terms Chapter 1 -Kahutia Te Rangi Chapter 4 -Not only was Kahutia Te Rangi a man's name but it was also the name of the ancestor of our village. Greenstone -Pounamu 3 Glossary at the end of book Māori English Rotorua Bay of Plenty city 4 Direct presentation Rawiri Porourangi

Los karakia son cantos o rezos tradicionales de la cultura maorí que cumplen una función espiritual y social muy importante. 🌿

Se usan para invocar protección, bendiciones, guía y buena fortuna, así como para marcar momentos significativos en la vida de las personas o de la comunidad. Por ejemplo: nacimientos, funerales, bodas, cosechas, viajes en waka (canoas) o la preparación para la guerra.

Te Rauparaha y la creación del haka Ka Mate: traducción y análisis histórico
Esta traducción ofrece un acercamiento histórico y cultural a la vida de Te Rauparaha, líder de Ngāti Toa, y la creación del famoso haka Ka Mate. Basada en fuentes en inglés y en la tradición oral maorí, la traducción no solo preserva el significado de las palabras y el contexto histórico, sino que también resalta el simbolismo del haka como un acto de supervivencia, resistencia y poder espiritual.

El texto contextualiza los conflictos tribales, las alianzas y rivalidades que marcaron la historia de Aotearoa antes de la firma del Tratado de Waitangi, así como la memoria de los personajes históricos involucrados, incluyendo líderes de Ngāti Toa y Ngāi Tahu.

Esta traducción busca contribuir al entendimiento intercultural y académico, ofreciendo una versión en español accesible de un relato fundamental de la historia y cultura maorí.

Etiquetas/Hashtags sugeridos:
#TeReoMaori #MaoriHistory #KaMate #Translation #CulturalHeritage #Aotearoa #NgatiToa #Haka

Traducción del texto histórico y cultural sobre el hongi, el saludo tradicional maorí, del inglés al español. El trabajo incluye la explicación de su significado, origen mítico ligado a Hineahuone, y la guía práctica sobre cómo realizarlo correctamente, respetando la tradición y el tikanga. Esta traducción busca acercar la riqueza cultural maorí a nuevas audiencias hispanohablantes, preservando tanto la esencia espiritual como los detalles históricos y rituales del saludo.

Extractivism is an extension of settler colonialism designed to exploit the lands and waters by removing material resources, labor, foods, data, and even cultural practices, in order to benefit economically and politically from their commodification and production. Indigenous-led resurgence offers an alternative to extractivism that focuses on a turning away from the state to renew and reinvigorate land and water-based relationships and community-based governance (Corntassel, 2021a, p. 73).

The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera was the most lethal volcanic event in New Zealand colonial history, destroying Māori settlements and burying the famed Pink and White Terraces in ash. The traditional landowners were forced from their ancestral lands for generations. As many bodies were never recovered, the Māori casualty toll was tentative, and uncertainty remains. The Tarawera eruption narrative is Eurocentric. Māori survivors of the eruption were poorly documented. This transdisciplinary study re-evaluates Māori survivor and media accounts and photography through the lens of Hochstetter's 1859 survey bearings and large-scale mapping. Together with archaeological records, these help establish the coordinates of pre-eruption Māori settlements. Relocating Te Ariki proved key to the analysis, as did Totarariki, Matakana, Tokiniho and Waitangi. Gaps in the historical record exist for Te Rata Bay and Oneroa Bay at Lake Tarawera. These led to recognition of a third mortality cluster of 23 people at an undocumented location. Some families escaped the Red Zone, and at least one undocumented Māori survivor is known to have escaped. Statistical and Time and Distance studies were made to examine the likelihood of survivors escaping the lake settlements before the eruption's base surges overwhelmed the Rotomahana Basin. Many casualties were likely caused by a toxic gas cloud. The research will assist the traditional landowners to relocate settlements, help reconcile casualty estimates and inform as to whether the ancestors' Flight or Freeze decisions were optimal.

Given Nigeria‘s structural barriers to industrialisation and dependence on imported raw materials, the Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) was established in 1987 to promote sustainable industrial growth through local resource utilisation. This paper
examines the Council‘s initiatives from 2000 to 2015, focusing on its role in fostering local partnerships and enhancing indigenous raw material development. Using both primary and secondary sources, the study argues that RMRDC played a pivotal role in addressing key
challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, low technological adoption, and weak linkages between raw material sectors and industrialisation. It highlights strategic collaborations with
research institutions, private sector stakeholders, and local communities, which facilitated technology transfer, improved agricultural productivity, and supported industrial growth. Key initiatives included the development of high-yield cassava varieties, the establishment of kaolin
and talc processing plants, and the substitution of barley with sorghum in beer production. Despite challenges such as funding constraints, policy inconsistency, and technological gaps, RMRDC made notable progress in promoting innovation, job creation, and rural development.
The paper concludes that the Council‘s efforts laid a crucial foundation for Nigeria‘s economic diversification and underscores the need for sustained institutional support, coherent policies, and strengthened partnerships to fully harness the country‘s raw material potential for long-term national development.

These spoken words open worlds, and universes, they are beginnings with neverendings. These are the vibrations tīpuna Māori chanted, under moons, through winds, with trees and birds, to the beat of Papatūānuku -mother earth. As they commanded the elements, they travelled, prevailed, arrived, and were safe. Māori descendants are the evidence of such power -they are present and thriving in te pō. And as the world was created, Ranginui, sky father, was pressed against Papatūānuku. As lovers embraced, their children did not like living in the cramped, dark space between them, so one of their children, Tāne, the god of forests, lay on their back and pushed up against the sky with their feet. And the cracks began to form, the sky and the earth separated, the in-between opened up, held by the Pou of Tāne.

Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in Aotearoa New Zealand has undergone significant reforms and scrutiny over recent decades, with a growing body of research examining its effectiveness, challenges, and evolution. This systematic review synthesizes key findings from systematic reviews, government reports, and scholarly research to provide a comprehensive overview of ITE in New Zealand, focusing on recent developments, persistent issues, and recommendations for future practice and policy. The review examines the preparedness of new teachers, induction and support mechanisms, diversity and inclusion initiatives, curriculum and pedagogical approaches, and systemic challenges facing the sector. Findings indicate that while reforms have improved some aspects of ITE, significant variability in graduate preparedness, support structures, and the realization of inclusive education remain. The review concludes with recommendations for strengthening practicum experiences, enhancing support for early-career teachers, promoting diversity and inclusion, and improving quality assurance mechanisms.

Why does a universe governed by the seemingly deterministic laws of General Relativity (GR) also present us with the fundamental optionality of Quantum Mechanics (QM)? This paper posits that this is not a contradiction to be resolved, but a foundational clue about the nature of reality. We argue that the existence of quantum computers—machines built on the literal application of indeterminacy and superposition—is tangible proof of a participatory universe, as such technology is philosophically and conceptually inaccessible from a purely deterministic worldview. This perspective reframes the GR/QM divide as a feature signaling a cosmos that co-creates itself in dialogue with conscious inquiry. We introduce Te Aho Matatū, a novel framework whose name means 'focused thread' in te reo Māori, designed to provide a methodology for this participation. It is articulated through two components: a foundational worldview (W=NL⋅O(S∞)) that defines this participatory reality, and an operational framework (Ψ→∑Mi(↑/↓)⇄σ(ϕ)→ϕ) that translates this understanding into a practical pathway for individuals to consciously shape experience. The paper situates this framework in dialogue with existing theories, details its applications, and outlines a rigorous strategy for its empirical validation.

Keywords: Participatory Universe; Consciousness; Quantum Mechanics; Quantum Computing; Epistemology; Indigenous Knowledge; Synchronicity; Contemplative Studies; Somatic Practices; Embodied Cognition; Contemplative Pedagogy; Integral Studies; Mindfulness-Based Interventions

Nous réunissons ici deux billets de traductions de notre blog, car il se trouve aussi des poètes maoris contemporains de Nouvelle-Zélande (I) dans le second billet sur la Polynésie anglophone (II), la Nouvelle-Zélande faisant partie de la Polynésie.

This Introduction makes the case for a more critical engagement with
oceans and the maritime within critical heritage theory. We lay out a
research agenda that more consciously foregrounds aquatic domains in
debates about conservation, sovereignty, governance, state power, and
the politics of memory. In laying the ground for the papers that follow, we
portray oceanic geographies and maritime heritage as politically and
culturally charged arenas in order to argue that oceans are far from
neutral or culturally egalitarian spaces and are subject to human-imposed
hierarchies and competing ontologies. We scrutinize the dynamic interplay
between maritime and marine realms to challenge conventional
understandings of space, territory, and ownership, advocating for a reimagined
approach to heritage that recognizes the ocean’s pivotal role in
shaping human history and culture.

This study explores the nature of the Fedarb sheet of the Treaty of Waitangi. The author argues that it
conflicts with the conventional argument for the necessity of Treaty principles. She argues that the Treaty
principles are a device of settler/invader colonialism. The study is a type of Kaupapa Māori writing
inquiry. In the case of the Fedarb sheet, if there was no English treaty sheet provided, then most
traditional Treaty scholarship arguments become invalid. Rather than interpret Te Tiriti in light of the
English Treaty, we must recognize that all the Fedarb signatories provided to the government was the
ability to regulate land-use. Mataatua waka should not have been made a part of the settler colonial
construction that was the results of settlers’ inaccurate interpretations of the document. All this highlights
the need to view the various sheets of The Treaty of Waitangi and/or Te Tiriti o Waitangi as not a single
monolithic and homogenous document, but differentiated international treaties between sovereign hapū
and the Crown of England. Each sheet

Taonga pūoro, often referred to as the traditional musical instruments of the Māori, hold a deeper significance beyond their musicality. Before colonisation, taonga pūoro were integral to Māori wellbeing and health practices. However, during the period of the Tohunga Suppression Act from 1907 to 1962, taonga pūoro were banned and forced underground. The 1980s saw a revival of taonga pūoro, marking the beginning of a renaissance phase. This resurgence has increased their use by clinicians without whakapapa Māori or those with limited experience in their use. This research aims to explore these factors in greater depth, recognising the dangers associated with the professionalisation of taonga pūoro in the context of hauora. A kaupapa Māori approach was used to examine the uses, philosophies, histories, and practitioners of taonga pūoro within hauora to create a framework of models for Māori hauora practitioners and relevant groups. This qualitative design utilised mātauranga Māori as epistemology and whakapapa as ontology, acknowledging the interconnected nature of te ao Māori and the discipline. The first study, ‘Ngā Pou o Pūoro,’ involved interviews with important figures within taonga pūoro ki hauora. Key themes from this study were te taiao (the environment), pūoro as a means of communication, the role of wāhine as kaitiaki pūoro, and the significance of tīpuna and whakapapa. The findings from this study were translated into the ‘He Hauora! He Hauoro!’ framework for taonga pūoro ki hauora. This framework consists of five models, each focusing on different knowledge areas within taonga pūoro ki hauora, such as practitioner safety, mana wāhine, environment, and experimentation. The framework was then applied in the second study, ‘Taonga Pūoro ki Waihao,’ within a marae-based community context during a wānanga series for whānau. Themes of mana wāhine and wāhine as kaitiaki of taonga pūoro were found to be crucial, along with the relationship with the environment and Indigenous joy. Implications of this research include the use of the ‘He Hauora! He Hauoro!’ framework by Māori and Māori health organisations, including the inclusion of taonga pūoro ki hauora practitioners within hospitals and other public health services as part of the integration of rongoā Māori into healthcare. Recommendations include further research to explore how taonga pūoro can support those with specific health conditions and better enhance overall hauora needs. The research also advocates for increased measures to safeguard taonga pūoro practices for Māori. It is suggested that a form of school or kura be developed to assist with disseminating this knowledge for all Māori, focusing on wāhine, and assisting practitioner development.

A submission to the Parliament's Justice Committee regarding the Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill, aka the Treaty Principles Bill (TPB). This submission is from an Indigenous person from the Oceti Sakowin Oyate, a setter-ocuppied Indigenous nation located at or near North America's geographical center. Drawing on his people's experience with US settler laws similar to the TPB, his analyses reveals how this settler bill attacks Maori sovereignty and the hollows out the 1840 Te Tiriti o Waitangi Treaty.

© 2016 by the Contemporary Science Association, New York. In this article we investigate strategies for authentically engaging Indigenous knowledges in the epistemologically Western "uni-versity" using data from cross-institutional, virtual international student exchanges between University of Alaska Fairbanks and Victoria University of Wellington. Analysis of student perspectives on Indigenous Knowledges (IK) from discussion forums illustrates their growing understandings of IK as authentic, complex systems generating distinct theoretical and analytic frames; including insights as to how these frames provide innovative, cross-disciplinary processes and solutions to current challenges. Targeted and student-generated questions initiated dynamic dialogue, including: the intersections and divergences of Western and Indigenous knowledge systems; the roles of Indigenous languages in enhancing understandings of IK; the potential for bridging or interfacing IK and Western knowled...

This thesis paper explores the concept of "Tidalectics" as introduced by Edward Kamau Brathwaite in his work, The Arrivants: A new world trilogy. It will try to investigate the significance of this unique concept, which Brathwaite mentioned in several of his lectures and writings. Tidalectics which is inspired from tidal dynamics, presents an alternative to the traditional Western dialectical model, emphasizing cyclic and non-linear resolutions. This paper will look forward to explore the conceptions of the term tidalectics and evaluate Brathwaite’s The Arrivants as a tidalectic trilogy by giving instances from the three books and will also try to investigate Braithwaite’s intention to formulate a sense of identity for the Black African-Caribbean by deviating from western epistemology to tidal-dialectics.

classification, suggesting that not all Europeans desired these printed and display objects for the same reasons. Indeed, this is an area I would have liked him to develop further. He picks up on the fact that class and education mattered; one might be rich and collect to display, and one might be a scholar and collect and display, but for different and sometimes competing reasons. This is an important point to make, and one that often gets glossed over in other studies. While limited in political and theoretical depth, Schmidt's book provides additional data for future research on the implications of the exotic marketing phenomenon, particularly within the capitalist and imperialist system that the Dutch, and then the French and English, use(d) to dominate and subordinate non-European powers. The phenomenon of the exotic, of course, was a tool not just of early modern empires, but is a tool of all empires, from antiquity to present. It is the phenomenon of othering and of domination, and then, as now, is veiled by the gloss of capitalist marketing. Schmidt's main concern was to demonstrate just how Dutch publishers created a visually broad 'style' and how this transnational and trans-confessional style was also transmediated to supply consumer demand. Future scholars can build on his examples. While at times Schmidt's project feels repetitive and conservative in its tone, method, and scope, overall it is an excellent resource for any reader interested a truly 'global' picture of how important Dutch publishers were in shaping the global modern world. Schmidt's emphasis on print and material culture especially furthers the progress towards more interdisciplinary research and the role of the visual in geography, history, and our understanding of globalization generally.

Williams, S. A., et al. (2024). "Prioritized strategies to improve diagnosis and early management of cerebral palsy for both Māori and non-Māori families." Developmental medicine and child neurology. Aim: To identify prioritized strategies to support improvements in early health service delivery around the diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy (CP) for both Māori and non-Māori individuals.; Method: Using a participatory approach, health care professionals and the parents of children with CP attended co-design workshops on the topic of early diagnosis and management of CP. Health design researchers facilitated two 'discovery' (sharing experiences and ideas) and two 'prototyping' (solution-focused) workshops in Aotearoa, New Zealand. A Māori health service worker co-facilitated workshops for Māori families.; Results: Between 7 and 13 participants (14 health care professionals, 12 parents of children with CP across all functional levels) attended each workshop. The discovery workshops revealed powerful stories about early experiences and needs within clinician-family communication and service provision. The prototyping workshops revealed priorities around communication, and when, what, and how information is provided to families; recommendations were co-created around what should be prioritized within a resource to aid health care navigation.; Interpretation: There is a critical need for improved communication, support, and guidance, as well as education, for families navigating their child with CP through the health care system. Further input from families and health care professionals partnering together will continue to guide strategies to improve health care service delivery using experiences as a mechanism for change. (

This Kaupapa Māori Research writing inquiry explores the (mis)appropriation of haka and the social media video-sharing platform YouTube in that (mis)appro-priation. The article examines the specific case of a group of Latter-day Saint missionaries in Wangarratta, Australia, who wrote and performed an English- language haka that the author finds violent and offensive. The article outlines Aileen Moreton-Robertson’s White Possessive doctrine in relation to the Church and white patriarchal salvation. Haka’s cultural background and appropriation are explained. Theoretical explanations of collective and cultural memory and YouTube as a social media platform and cultural archive follow. The author highlights YouTube grey literature sources on haka cultural (mis)appropriation. The 2006 case study “missionary haka” video is critiqued and analysed. Case study issues are discussed. The Church’s history of racial discrimination and violence and its religious aetiology of skin colour make this video ”misappro-priated,” according to research. This performance uses haka to promote white and religious supremacy and the idea that you must be white and/or religious to be fully human. This message helps the LDS Church mission of possessing Indigenous souls and remaining the “true religion”.

In Chap. 2, we documented a range of international studies into the intercultural dimension in language education, with a particular focus on young learners of an additional language (L2). The review of the international literature highlights the reality that, on the one hand, the development of language learners' intercultural capability has become a significant focus of attention in a range of contexts across the globe. On the other hand, studies reveal the complexities involved with both defining and operationalising the intercultural dimension. In this chapter, we revisit New Zealand as the site for our own study and expand on the brief introduction to the New Zealand context that we gave in Chap. 1, including the incorporation of the intercultural into the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC). We then review New Zealand-based studies into the intercultural dimension of L2 learning. 3.2 A History of Language Policy Development in New Zealand Watts (1997) provided a useful and succinct summary of the historical language situation of New Zealand, going back to the early establishment of the country as a colony of Britain in the 1840s-a situation he described as being characterised by both complexity and diversity. As Watts considered events of the past few decades, his account drew attention to a 1987 curriculum review that heralded what may arguably be described as several "watershed" moments for New Zealand with regard to language learning and the language-culture interface, beginning in the early 1990s. The 1987 review had recommended that New Zealand needed to develop a national policy for languages. A policy was needed that would address the complex language needs of a diverse population, and, in particular, issues regarding:

This article addresses a gap in the historical literature concerning Māori urbanisation and economic development by exploring intellectual exchanges surrounding these developments. It argues that a series of key figures transmitted a network of ideas relating to Māori acculturation and urbanisation from the inter-war through the post-war period and considers the evolution, interpenetration and divergence of their perspectives. Although primarily an examination of discourse rather than policy or resulting lived experience, the paper also traces some of the ways in which this discourse informed the actions of government officials as they attempted to manage the exodus of Māori from the countryside.

The health reforms of the 1990's were in part implemented to develop a more effective, efficient and responsive health system. The reforms were to see major changes introduced into public sector management with a growing emphasis on accountability and responsibility. Competition at all levels of the health sector was to produce more effective purchasing of services, better delivery, and quality health services. More proactive emphasis was to be placed on the Governments goal for Maori health to achieve more equitable health standards for Maori. The reforms saw a greater emphasis being placed on public health strategies including health promotion as an effective means to prevent poor health outcomes, thus improving standards of health including those for Maori.

Contemporary media, politics, and culture are saturated by figures of the global and globalization. This Introduction emphasizes how many of these figures rest on a particular conception of the global. The editors term this “modern globalism,” within which the earth is grasped as a geometrical totality spanned by economic flows. Despite its prevalence today, modern globalism represents only one among many possible ways in which the global can be imagined; alternative global imaginations abound in the cultural past and at the peripheries of contemporary culture. These “other globes,” explored in the thirteen contributions that follow the Introduction, offer paths for thinking new relations between people, polities, and the planet. Laying the ground for the case studies, the Introduction unpacks alternative names for the global, exploring the cultural significance of earth, world, and planet; undertakes a genealogy of modern globalism, whose historical ascent marginalized other worldv...

In Chap. 2, we documented a range of international studies into the intercultural dimension in language education, with a particular focus on young learners of an additional language (L2). The review of the international literature highlights the reality that, on the one hand, the development of language learners' intercultural capability has become a significant focus of attention in a range of contexts across the globe. On the other hand, studies reveal the complexities involved with both defining and operationalising the intercultural dimension. In this chapter, we revisit New Zealand as the site for our own study and expand on the brief introduction to the New Zealand context that we gave in Chap. 1, including the incorporation of the intercultural into the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC). We then review New Zealand-based studies into the intercultural dimension of L2 learning. 3.2 A History of Language Policy Development in New Zealand Watts (1997) provided a useful and succinct summary of the historical language situation of New Zealand, going back to the early establishment of the country as a colony of Britain in the 1840s-a situation he described as being characterised by both complexity and diversity. As Watts considered events of the past few decades, his account drew attention to a 1987 curriculum review that heralded what may arguably be described as several "watershed" moments for New Zealand with regard to language learning and the language-culture interface, beginning in the early 1990s. The 1987 review had recommended that New Zealand needed to develop a national policy for languages. A policy was needed that would address the complex language needs of a diverse population, and, in particular, issues regarding:

Addressing Indigenous rights and interests in genetic resources has become increasingly challenging in an open science environment that promotes unrestricted access to genomic data. Although Indigenous experiences with genetic research have been shaped by a series of negative interactions, there is increasing recognition that equitable benefits can only be realized through greater participation of Indigenous communities. Issues of trust, accountability and equity underpin Indigenous critiques of genetic research and the sharing of genomic data. This Perspectives article highlights identified issues for Indigenous communities around the sharing of genomic data and suggests principles and actions that genomic researchers can adopt to recognize community rights and interests in data.