Medicine

Thalassemia is a life-threatening disease and patients with this require whole-life medical care. Nurses play the most important part in the care of such patients. Objective: To assess the knowledge among nurses who are dealing with and their role in the management of thalassemia patients. Methods: In this study, a pre-test and a post-test were conducted among nurses. In the study, a questionnaire was given to 150 nurses to fill out before and after the awareness session who were included in the study. Pre and post-mean score differences were found using the Wilcoxon test, and a relationship was determined between post-mean score and level of experience using Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.73± (3.15) years. Comparison of the nurses’ pre- and post-session mean knowledge scores revealed that the nurses’ post scores in knowledge (39.48±2.08) were higher than their pre-receiving guide scores (21.18±3.47) and that the difference was statistically s...

The Spanish Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (S-YFAS-C) scale is the rst tool adapted to Spanish to evaluate food addiction (FA) in the paediatric population. The aim of this study is to preliminarily evaluate the degree of FA in a non-clinical pilot paediatric population. A transversal observational study was performed on a convenience sample comprised of boys and girls aged 9 to 12 (4 th to 6 th year primary school). The main outcome measures were evaluation of FA (S-YFAS-C scale), child feeding attitudes (ChEAT scale) and evaluation of body image (CDRS scale). Moreover, sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the main characteristics of subjects and outcome measures was performed. A total of 21 boys and 24 girls were preliminarily evaluated and the minimum and maximum values obtained were for age (9.48 -12.33), weight in kilograms (26.6 -64.5), height in centimetres (131-163), BMI (14.2-27.9) and BMI Z-score (-1.36 -2.66). The average number of FA symptoms measured with the S-YFAS-C scale is 1.67±1.45 (range 0 -7). A total of 20% of the sample shows three or more symptoms for FA, risk of developing a food disorder and distortion of the body image. Moreover, statistically

IntroductionFreeStyle Libre System (FSL) is a minimally invasive technology, which provides frequent information about interstitial glucose levels, which allows adjustment of insulin dose and a reduction in the number of fingersticks. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of FSL in childhood and adolescence.MethodsProspective case series in 27 Spanish hospitals. Patients aged 4-17 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) were included. Follow-up was done at 3, 6 and 12 months after starting to use the FSL. Outcome measures were HbA1c levels, acute complications of DM (severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis), DM knowledge, health-related quality of life, satisfaction and adverse effects. Biochemical glycemic outcomes (e.g., glycemic variability, time in therapeutic range) were available from 3 to 12 months. Mixed regression models with repeated time measurements were implemented.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 12.6 years, with 56.4 percent had HbA1c values above 7...

1Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España. 2Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, España. 3Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España. 4Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.

Low serum potassium concentration is a frequently encountered abnormality, seldom accompanied by life-threatening symptoms. We present a 55-year-old women with a severe, symptomatic hypokalaemia. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations are discussed.

Low serum potassium concentration is a frequently encountered abnormality, seldom accompanied by life-threatening symptoms. We present a 55-year-old women with a severe, symptomatic hypokalaemia. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations are discussed.

Background Quality management program implementations in health services are team endeavors that involve all health service personnel. Because they are direct providers of care, nurses are best able to evaluate the influence of quality management program implementations on the health services and quality of care provided by hospitals. Purpose The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to determine how nurses perceive the implementation of quality management programs in hospitals. Furthermore, the nurses' perceptions of the influence of these implementations on the quality of patient care and their job satisfaction were examined. Methods A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a convenience sample (N = 388) of practicing nurses working at public and university hospitals where quality management programs were implemented. Nurses' perceptions of the implementations were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, whereas the influe...

SYNOPSIS The euglobulin lysis time, which is widely used to measure blood fibrinolytic activity, is shown to be sensitive to the temperature and pH at which the euglobulin fraction of plasma is prepared and also to the type of anticoagulant employed and buffer in which it is suspended. A standardized method for performing the test, which controls these variables and has been found to yield reproducible results, is described. Since, at present, data obtained with this test by different laboratories are, for the reasons given, rarely comparable, it is hoped that the method outlined may be considered suitable for general adoption. 'Of the Medical Academy, Bialystok, Poland.

SYNOPSIS Natural or spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the blood is due to a labile activator which is stabilized by fibrin formation. Current methods of measuring spontaneous fibrinolysis require either low temperature centrifugation when plasma is used or photography when diluted whole blood is used and neither is available in the average laboratory. A method of measuring fibrinolytic activity in blood, the 'fibrinolytic potential', which requires only simple apparatus, is described. It is found to correlate well with the dilute blood clot lysis time, and should be of value for investigating the hitherto neglected problem of spontaneous fibrinolytic activity in occlusive vascular disease.

Background Percutaneous, transcutaneous and sham transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation was compared in a prospective blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Methods Patients who had failed conservative treatment for faecal incontinence were randomized to one of three groups: group 1, percutaneous; group 2, transcutaneous; group 3, sham transcutaneous. Patients in groups 1 and 2 received 30-min sessions of posterior tibial nerve stimulation twice weekly for 6 weeks. In group 3, transcutaneous electrodes were placed in position but no stimulation was delivered. Symptoms were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks using a bowel habit diary and St Mark's continence score. Response to treatment was defined as a reduction of at least 50 per cent in weekly episodes of faecal incontinence compared with baseline. Results Thirty patients (28 women) were enrolled. Nine of 11 patients in group 1, five of 11 in group 2 and one of eight in group 3 had a reduction of at least ...

• Dogs entering Italy had a higher vaccine failure rate than dogs vaccinated in Italy, raising doubts as to the real compliance with vaccination. • The choice of vaccine and time of sampling may influence the individual's titre level post-vaccination and should be considered when interpreting serological test results. • The legislation regulating the free movement of pets needs to be read- dressed if the risk of spreading rabies has to be minimized.

The scientific understanding of the driving factors behind zoonotic and pandemic influenzas is hampered by complex interactions between viruses, animal hosts and humans. This complexity makes identifying influenza viruses of high zoonotic or pandemic risk, before they emerge from animal populations, extremely difficult and uncertain. As a first step towards assessing zoonotic risk of influenza, we demonstrate a risk assessment framework to assess the relative likelihood of influenza A viruses, circulating in animal populations, making the species jump into humans. The intention is that such a risk assessment framework could assist decision-makers to compare multiple influenza viruses for zoonotic potential and hence to develop appropriate strain-specific control measures. It also provides a first step towards showing proof of principle for an eventual pandemic risk model. We show that the spatial and temporal epidemiology is as important in assessing the risk of an influenza A species jump as understanding the innate molecular capability of the virus. We also demonstrate data deficiencies that need to be addressed in order to consistently combine both epidemiological and molecular virology data into a risk assessment framework.

A simple correlation test (Microsoft Excel 2003, Data analysis toolkit, CORREL function) of the Mytilus-normalised data indicates that only for TBT, DBT and MBT, concentrations are strongly correlated, with correlation coefficients of 0.85 to 0.89 (table SI-4), also visible in the PCA loading plot (figure SI-3). Fe and Ni concentrations also correlate with a coefficient of 0.89; otherwise most concentration correlations are below 0.5. Concentrations of Cr in mussel tissue seem correlated with those of Ca and Al, with coefficients of 0.74 and 0.60 respectively. An interesting observation is that Cu concentrations correlate relatively strongly with DBT concentrations at 0.73, but also with TBT and MBT concentrations at 0.49 respectively 0.47. Cu is a main component of antifouling paints, also those containing TBT, typically 10-30% (up to 50%) of the paint is Cu 2 O or CuSCN. DBT is the first debutylation step of breakdown from TBT to Sn. The OSPAR QSR 2010 did not assess Cu and Zn, so no revised LC and BAC are available. Instead, data are compared to the older Background/Reference Concentrations (B/RC) revised in 2005 1 . The B/RCs was a forerunner for LC and BAC, and is set up as a range, for Cu 0.76 to 1.11 mg kg -1 WW and for Zn 11.6 to 30 mg kg -1 WW, setting a range for the expected reference concentration for metals in the North Sea. A default conversion factor of 20% DW is used to convert B/RC values from WW to DW. The upper B/RC is lower than the LC used in the QSR 2010 (table ) for Cd, Hg and Pb, at 56-73% of the LC used for these metals. Both Cu and Zn are essential elements actively taken up by mussels, and no EAC or EC food limit are set for these metals.

In order to investigate the potential of various olive cultivars and leaf sampling times for phytochemical farming practice in Croatia, phenolic and mineral composition was determined in olive leaves of four Croatian cultivars and Italian cultivar Leccino collected at three occasions, in October 2017, January 2018, and March 2018. Istarska bjelica turned out to have the largest phytochemical potential among the investigated cultivars due to steady high oleuropein concentrations found in its leaves. The concentration of main phenolic components in Istarska bjelica leaves changed only slightly during the sampling period, suggesting the possibility of its higher capability for low air temperatures stress resistance and different metabolic response compared to the other studied cultivars. Low air temperatures increased the oleuropein level and antioxidant activity in leaves of Leccino, Oblica, Levantinka, and Drobnica cultivars, which may be of crucial phytochemical farming interest. Ea...

This study investigates the effect of industrial scale filtration of fresh monovarietal virgin olive oil from Buža and Istarska bjelica cultivars on their volatiles, total phenols and sensory characteristics, and compares the oil samples clarified by filtration with those clarified by natural sedimentation/decantation after six months of storage. Filtration had a different effect on volatiles from the oil samples obtained from different cultivars. In the oil from Buža cultivar immediately after filtration only the amount of (Z)-2-pentenol slightly increased, but in Istarska bjelica the oil filtration affected eight compounds (the amount of hexanal, (E)-2-pentenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-2-pentenol and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol increased, while of hexyl acetate, (E)-2-penten-1-ol and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol decreased). In fresh filtered oil from Buža cultivar a slight decrease of total phenols was observed, while in those from Istarska bjelica the decrease was sharp, causing a decrease in the pungency a...

visual analog scale satisfaction in post-therapeutic. Results.-Among the 52 patients treated 64% were male, 37% are children aged 5 to 15 years. Hemiplegia and cerebral palsy represent 73% of diseases treated. The equine foot was treated in 54% of cases where a percentage of 64% muscle toxins represented by the triceps surae (42% of gastrocnemius, soleus 21%). Before treatment, the mean VAS pain was 6.85, the average Ashworth was 3.1, the mean range of motion (dorsiflexion of the ankle) was À78. After treatment, the mean VAS pain increased to 4.02 that of Ashworth 2, and the mean joint amplitudes increased to 1.58. Discussion.-The results obtained after injection of botulinum toxin in these 52 patients were satisfactory standard analgesic, hypertonic and joint mobility, by a regression of pain intensity estimated at three points on average, a regression point of the spasticity and a gain of passive joint movement of 8.58 on average. These results have led to an improvement in the lives of patients at the functional level with an average of 53.63% EVA satisfaction. Conclusion.-Focal spasticity is causing functional impairment of a major source of pain and muscle-tendon and articular use of botulinum toxin has dramatically improved the lives of these 52 patients, hence the interest to generalize this method therapeutic.

visual analog scale satisfaction in post-therapeutic. Results.-Among the 52 patients treated 64% were male, 37% are children aged 5 to 15 years. Hemiplegia and cerebral palsy represent 73% of diseases treated. The equine foot was treated in 54% of cases where a percentage of 64% muscle toxins represented by the triceps surae (42% of gastrocnemius, soleus 21%). Before treatment, the mean VAS pain was 6.85, the average Ashworth was 3.1, the mean range of motion (dorsiflexion of the ankle) was À78. After treatment, the mean VAS pain increased to 4.02 that of Ashworth 2, and the mean joint amplitudes increased to 1.58. Discussion.-The results obtained after injection of botulinum toxin in these 52 patients were satisfactory standard analgesic, hypertonic and joint mobility, by a regression of pain intensity estimated at three points on average, a regression point of the spasticity and a gain of passive joint movement of 8.58 on average. These results have led to an improvement in the lives of patients at the functional level with an average of 53.63% EVA satisfaction. Conclusion.-Focal spasticity is causing functional impairment of a major source of pain and muscle-tendon and articular use of botulinum toxin has dramatically improved the lives of these 52 patients, hence the interest to generalize this method therapeutic.

Background. The limited donor pool and increasing recipient wait list require a reevaluation of kidney organ suitability for transplantation. Use of higher infectious risk organs that were previously discarded may help improve access to transplantation and reduce patient mortality without placing patients at a higher risk of poor posttransplant outcomes. There is very little data available regarding the safe use of kidney organs from deceased donors with varicella zoster virus infection at the time of organ retrieval. Case Presentation. Here, we report a case of successful transplantation of both kidneys from a deceased donor with active herpes zoster infection at the time of organ retrieval. Recipients were treated preemptively with acyclovir. At 4 months posttransplant, both kidney recipients experienced no infectious complications and were off dialysis with functioning transplant grafts. Conclusions. The use of kidney organs from donors with active herpes zoster infection appears...

OBJECTIVE: This research was done to identify the best method for incisional hernia repair with least recurrence rate and to give best results by providing most suitable surgical environment. METHODOLOGY: The research study was conducted in 50 patients of incisional hernia admitted in surgical wards of general hospital. After admission all patients were studied according to proforma. Proforma was designed to record the history, chief complain, past history, family history, personal history, obstetric and menstrual history (in case of female patient), physical examination, nutritional assesment, local examination ,past surgical history, investigations and management. RESULTS: Most of the patients between 40-60 yrs age group.Mean age of study group is 56.5 yrs. In our study one patient who undergone onlay meshplasty developed mesh infection making removal of mesh mandatory.mesh infection rate is 4.55% in this study. In our study wound infection rate is 24%.Wound infection is more afte...

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray. Such case can be without any symptoms or can be presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, flatulence or air swallowing. Patient has feeling of pressure in upper abdomen when upright. The occurrence (incidence) of it on abdominal or chest X-rays is around 0.1% but it can be up to 1% in series of older adults. It has also been reported in children. During our clinical practice we encounter a interesting case of Chilaiditi syndrome. Here we are presenting a case of 18 yr old male patient who developed chilaiditi syndrome with mild symptoms and signs of sub acute intestinal obstruction.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) essential oil on the growth and FUM1 gene expression of fumonisin-producing Fusarium verticillioides (F. verticillioides) strains isolated from maize. Materials and Methods: All fungal strains were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) slopes at 30°C for 7 days. The antifungal activity was evaluated by broth microdilution assay. One set of primers was F. verticillioides species specific, which selectively amplified the intergenic space region of rDNA. The other set of primers was specific to FUM1 gene region of fumonisin-producing F. verticillioides. FUM1 transcript levels were quantified using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol. Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of C. cyminum oil against F. verticillioides strains varied from 0.195 to 0.781 µl.ml-1 (mean MIC value: 0.461 µl.ml-1) indicating 54.5% of the fungal strains inhibited at 0...

Objective(s) Using a cancer murine model of invasive aspergillosis (IA), we investigated the expression of TLR-2, Dectin-1 and the level of cytokine production by CD4+ T helper cells in different groups of mice (with or without cancer), also, the effect of invasive aspergillosis on the immune response pattern of cancer mice. Materials and Methods Patterns of susceptibility and resistance to infection obtained with different groups of mice injected with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. TLR-2 and Dectin-1 analyzed applying flowcytometry and cytokine production of cultured splenocytes by ELISA method. Results Cancer mice that challenged with A. fumigatus conidia showed significant increase in TLR-2 and Dectin-1 levels compared with the two other control groups (normal mice challenged with A. fumigatus and non-infected cancer mice). Moreover, it showed insignificant decrease in IFN-γ and IL-10 levels and insignificant increase in TNF-α level. The data demonstrated remarkable rise in IL-4 ...

Systemic candidiasis is an infection of Candida albicans (C. albicans) causing disseminated disease and sepsis, invariably when host defenses are compromised. We investigated the histopathological changes as well as the lymphoproliferative responses and cytokine production of splenic cells after stimulation with Concanavalin A (Con A) and Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in mice with disseminated candidiasis. Lymphoproliferative responses were stimulated in vitro with Con A (1 µg/ml) and PWM (1 µg/ml) mitogens in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 media, and the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that C. albicans organisms multiplied to a greater extent in the kidneys than in the liver and spleen of infected mice. The most predominant forms of C. albicans in different parts of the kidneys were yeast mixed with hyphal forms. Infected mice had a significantly incre...

Poultry are more susceptible to receiving and spreading of fungal infections in exact conditions. The goal of this study was to identify the normal fungal flora and dermatophytes agent of the combs and wattles of adult native chickens in Tehran, Iran. A total of 150 combs and wattles samples were collected by skin scraping or brushing of the margin of the suspected lesion and skin of organ. The mycological analyses were performed by direct microscopy and culture media. One hundred and ninety fungi were isolated from the combs of 150 native chickens' samples that including non-dermatophytes isolates 165 (86.8%), dermatophytes 6 (3.2%) and yeast 19 (10%). Among different fungal isolates, Aspergillus was the predominant species. Our results showed that human in contact with poultry, both at the household and the industrial level, have a clear risk factor for exposure to fungal pathogens, especially dermatophytes.

This study aims at evaluating the effects of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) essential oil (EO) on growth, aflatoxin production and transcription of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway genes. Total RNAs of Aspergillus parasiticus (A.parasiticus) ATCC56775 grown in yeast extract sucrose (YES) broth medium treated with Z. multiflora EO were subjected to reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Specific primers of nor-1, ver-1, omt-A and aflR genes were used. In parallel mycelial dry weight of samples were measured and all the media were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for aflatoxinB1 (AFB1), aflatoxinB2 (AFB2), aflatoxinG1 (AFG1), aflatoxinG2 (AFG2) and aflatoxin total (AFTotal) production. The results showed that mycelial dry weight and aflatoxin production reduce in the presence of Z. multiflora EO (100 ppm) on day 5 of growth. It was found that the expression of nor-1, ver-1, omt-A and aflR genes was correlated with the ability of fungus to pro...

The goals of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of Cuminum cyminum, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Nigella sativa essential oils to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus and to evoke ultrastructural changes. The fungi were cultured into RPMI 1640 media in the presence of oils at concentrations of 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.5, 1.25, 1, 0.75 and 0.5 mg/ml in broth microdilution and 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 mg/ml in broth macrodilution methods with shaking for 48 h at 28 o C. Conidial and mycelial samples exposed to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg essential oils/ml for 5 days in 2% yeast extract granulated plus 15% Saccharose media were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on broth dilution methods, C. cyminum and to a lesser extent Z. clinopodioides oils exhibited the strongest activity against A. fumigatus and A. flavus with MIC 90 ranging from 0.25 to 1.5 mg/ml, while the oil from N. sativa exhibited relatively moderate activity against two above fungi with MIC 90 ranging from 1.5 to 2 mg/ml. The main changes observed by TEM were in the cell wall, plasma membrane and membranous organelles; in particular, in the nuclei and mitochondria. These modifications in fungal structure were associated with the interference of the essential oils with the enzymes responsible for cell wall synthesis, which disturbed normal growth. Moreover, the essential oils caused high vacuolation of the cytoplasm, detachment of fibrillar layer of cell wall, plasma membrane disruption and disorganization of the nuclear and mitochondrial structures. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus growth inhibition induced by these oils were found to be well-correlated with subsequent morphological changes of the fungi exposed to different fungistatic concentrations of the oils. Our results show the anti-Aspergillus activities of C. cyminum, Z. clinopodioides and N. sativa essential oils, which strengthens the potential use of these substances as anti-mould in the future.

Disseminated candidiasis is a serious problem in public health that results from the invasion of Candida species, in particular Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of Zataria multiflora essential oil and itraconazole in clearing C. albicans from the visceral organs of BALB/c mice suffered from disseminated candidiasis. Zataria multiflora essential oil was extracted using Clevengertype apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For clearance experiment, mice (20-25 g, N=8 per group) received essential oil at doses of 30, 48 and 64 mg/kg and itraconazole at dose of 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) 2 days before and after intravenous inoculation of 0.5 × 10 6 C. albicans blastospores. The treated animals were sacrificed on day 20, and 0.1 g of the tissue homogenates was plated onto specific media. In GC-Mass, the main components of the essential oil were carvacrol (61.29%) and thymol (25.18%). The results demonstrated that IP administration of 64 mg/kg of the essential oil had the highest efficacy in reducing C. albicans and produced 39.5, 21.8, 141.5, 174 and 501-fold reductions in mean CFUs per 0.1 gram in Candida infections of the liver, spleen, lungs, brain and kidneys, respectively, compared to positive control. Itraconazole showed significantly more responsiveness than the essential oil at dose of 30 mg/kg in clearing C. albicans from the kidneys (P<0.02), brain (P<0.02) and spleen (P<0.04), and less responsiveness than that of 64 mg/kg in clearing the organism from the brain (P<0.01), lungs (P<0.0005) and kidneys (P<0.0005), whereas no significant difference was observed between this drug and Z. multiflora at dose of 48 mg/kg. These data explain the increased rate of yeast clearance and reduced dissemination to the viscera of Z. multiflora treated mice.

Background: Herbal medicines have been used since ancient times for treatment of a range of diseases and have represented stimulatory effects on the function of innate immunity. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) on the function of innate immunity including phagocytic activity and TNF -α secretion in animal model. Methods: Eight BALB/c mice were divided into two equal groups. In group A, Z. multiflora essence was injected intraperitoneally to the mice, in group B, distilled water was injected. Blood was obtained from 4 mice in each group, 4 and 7 days following injection. The amounts of phagocytosis (respiratory burst) and TNF -α secretion were assessed by chemiluminescence and ELISA method, respectively. Results: Significant increase in phagocytosis and TNF-α secretion was observed in group A compared with the control group at days 4 and 7. Conclusion: Z. multiflora essence can remarkably stimulate innate immunity function and it may be used to immunize individuals alone or in combination with other immunostimulatory agents.

Concept florissant dans les années 1990, le management participatif a aujourd'hui disparu des ouvrages de gestion. Pour autant, la participation dans les entreprises n'a pas cessé mais elle a intégré des dispositifs particuliers et cessé d'être brandie comme une caractéristique de l'organisation. Au cours de cet article, nous revenons sur les causes de cette disparition en disséquant le concept. Justifié par des travaux scientifiques habilement agencés malgré des natures différentes et des portées inégales, perçu couramment comme une solution à bien des maux de l'entreprise, le management participatif a généré des illusions qui n'ont pu se réaliser. Finalement, alors que sa mise en pratique devait réconcilier l'homme et l'entreprise, la notion de management participatif a placé les personnes censées le mettre en oeuvre en situation délicate, a causé des problèmes opérationnels et parfois psychologiques. Finalement, il a contribué a discrédité ses promoteurs. Although a successful concept in the 1990's, no more management writing deals with the concept of participative management at the present time. Yet, participation has not disappeared but the participative approach has integrated some particular working methods and is no more put forward as a main characteristic of the organization. In this article, we treat of the reasons of this disappearance. Justified by pieces of scientific works arranged despite very different ways of thinking and ambitions, the concept has been commonly perceived as a "one best way". This representation has created illusions, which could not be put into practice. Moreover, the foremen who have to apply the concept had to face practical and psychological problems. Finally, the concept has brought discredit to highlevel management.

This study examined the influence of processing on polyamines and peptide release after the digestion of a commercial infant formula designed for children during the first months of life. Polyamine oxidase activity was not suppressed during the manufacturing process, which implicates that polyamine concentrations were reduced over time and during infant formula self-life. In gel electrophoresis, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of samples with reduced amount of enzymes and time of digestion shows an increase in protein digestibility, reflected in the increase in nonprotein nitrogen after digestion and the disappearance of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin bands in gel electrophoresis. Depending on the sample, between 22 and 87 peptides were identified after gastrointestinal digestion. A peptide from β-casein f(98-105) with the sequence VKEAMAPK and antioxidant activity appeared in all of the samples. Other peptides with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities were frequently found, which could have an effect on infant health. The present study confirms that the infant formula manufacturing process determines the polyamine content and peptidic profile after digestion of the infant formula. Because compositional dissimilarity between human milk and infant formula in polyamines and proteins could be responsible for some of the differences in health reported between breast-fed and formula-fed children, these changes must be taken into consideration because they may have a great effect on infant nutrition and development.

To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. Both dephytinized (by adding an exogenous phytase) and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 mo. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased (P < 0.05) the cell uptake efficiency (from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%), retention (from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%) and transport efficiency (from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%), of iron, and the uptake efficiency (from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%) and retention (from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%) of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship (P < 0.05) between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed. Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.

This study investigated the influence of an organic mineral-supplemented broiler diet on the quality of nuggets. The resulting chicken nuggets were enriched with inorganic and organic forms of Zn and Se. The nuggets were processed by incorporating extracts from food industry by-products (rosemary [R H and R L ], hydroxytyrosol [HYT], pomegranate [P], grape [GS], and Harpagophytum [H]). The physiochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of the chicken nuggets were evaluated over a 12-month period of frozen storage. The addition of natural extracts did not affect the pH, proximate composition, or color (CIELab) of the nuggets among samples. However, significative differences were found between month of analysis (range from pH 6.16 to 6.63; luminosity from 62.51 to 84.74; redness from 0.16 to 7.14; and yellowness from 10.80 to 33.77). In addition, the combination of phenolic compounds with Zn and Se retarded microbial growth and reduced protein and lipid oxidation, thus maintaining the sensory quality and extending the shelf life of this product. For instance, the combination of R L 1 GS reduced in 75% the microbiological growth regarding the control sample (C), while samples that incorporated R H 1 P or HYT 1 P 1 H presented 50% less than C. In addition, upon only incorporating organic minerals Zn and Se, microbiological deterioration is reduced in 15%. This mix was significantly effective at reducing the oxidative reactions of lipids and proteins by 40% and 50%, as measured after 9 and 12 mo of frozen storage, respectively. The addition of the natural extracts and Zn and Se did not adversely affect the acceptability of the meat product.

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of a Mediterranean diet consisting typical dishes from southern Spain. For that, a 5‐day diet was developed with typical dishes of Murcia. The antioxidant capacity of the diet was measured using ORACHF, FRAP, and DPPH methods, and the total phenolic compound content of this diet was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu. About 50% of the antioxidant capacity and 29% of the phenolic compounds per day came from sample 14 (artichokes with ham), whereas only 1% and a 4%, respectively, proceed from sample 16 (gypsy pot). The total antioxidant capacity of the diet was estimated as 9,506.33 ET/100 g/person/day by the ORACHF method, and the total phenolic consume was estimated as 1,839.05 mg GAE/person/day. The proposed diet can be considered an excellent strategy for improving the nutritional status of the population because of its high antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content.

There is a high demand for functional meat products due to increasing concern about food and health. In this work, Zn and Se bioavailability was increased in chicken meat emulsions that are enriched with Hydroxytyrosol (HXT), a phenolic compound obtained from olive leaf. Six different chicken emulsions were elaborated. Three were made with broiler chicken meat supplemented with inorganic Zn and Se: control, one with HXT (50 ppm) added and one with HXT (50 ppm) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) (9.5%) added; and, three were made with chicken meat from chickens fed a diet that was supplemented with organic Zn and Se: control, one with HXT (50 ppm) added and one with HXT (50 ppm) and EVOO (9.5%) added. The samples were digested in vitro and the percent decomposition of phenolic compounds was measured by HPLC. Mineral availability (Fe, Zn and Se) was measured by cell culture of the Caco-2 cell line and the results were compared with mineral standards (Fe, Zn, and Se). The data obtained ...