Online Research Methods

A tanulmány a humor és a nevetés sokrétű szerepét vizsgálja antropológiai kontextusban, feltárva, hogy ezek a jelenségek miként tárják fel a társadalmi struktúrákat és a kulturális gyakorlatokat. A humor, mint az emberi tapasztalat univerzális aspektusa, betekintést nyújt egy közösség mélyebb működési módjaiba, tükrözve a kulturális konstrukciók és az emberi sokféleség összetett kölcsönhatását.

Statement of the Problem: In many African societies, pronatalist norms strongly influence the social fabric, positioning marriage and parenthood as essential markers of adulthood, social legitimacy, and identity. Individuals who are unmarried, involuntarily childless, or voluntarily childfree often face heightened social scrutiny, stigma, and psychosocial distress. Purpose of the Study: This study aims to synthesize existing research on pronatalism, reproductive stigma, and mental health among unmarried adults in sub-Saharan Africa. By examining the relationship between cultural norms, stigma, and psychological distress, the study seeks to identify gaps in current assessment methods and propose a culturally responsive clinical framework for mental health professionals. Methodology: An integrative review methodology was used, synthesizing 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2025. The studies included qualitative, quantitative, and review-based research focused on pronatalism, stigma, and mental health in African contexts. The analysis was guided by cultural psychiatry, structural determinants of health, and gendered pronatalism frameworks. Findings: The review identified four interrelated themes: (1) the influence of pronatalist cultural norms and gendered expectations on social identity, (2) the stigma associated with childlessness and its impact on psychosocial distress, (3) the gendered pathways through which pronatalism affects mental health outcomes, and (4) the limitations of current psychological distress assessments in culturally diverse settings. The findings indicate that chronic exposure to societal pressure, identity invalidation, and stigma contribute significantly to psychological distress among unmarried individuals. Conclusion: The review highlights that current mental health assessment tools often fail to capture the culturally specific distress experienced by individuals subject to reproductive pressures. Recommendations: The review proposes a culturally responsive clinical assessment framework incorporating cultural psychiatry and ecosocial theory to help mental health professionals distinguish between culturally normative distress and psychopathology, improving diagnostic accuracy and enhancing culturally competent care.

Objectives: Little research has examined the discourses that shape therapists' sensemaking around heterosex. This paper explores the discourses of sexuality and gender underpinning therapists' and non-therapists' responses to a sexual experimentation scenario in a heterosexual relationship. It also considers the value of the novel technique of story completion (SC), in which participants are asked to write a story in response to a hypothetical scenario, for qualitative psychology and psychotherapy research. Design: This research used a comparative SC design . Participants were sequentially presented with and invited to complete two story stems. One in which a male character suggested 'trying something new' to his female partner, and one in which the female character made the suggestion. The stems were otherwise identical. Methods: A total of one hundred story completions written by 50 (29 female; 21 male) therapists and 50 (28 female; 22 male) non-therapists. Participants were recruited mainly via UK-based email lists and Facebook groups, and therapeutic training organisations, and the data were analysed using a feminist post-structuralist thematic analysis . Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UWE Bristol Research Repository Results: Both groups of participants drew on heteronormative discourses of sexuality and gender to make sense of the stem. Engaging in sexual experimentation was often depicted as a demonstration of being normal. In some stories written by women, sex was framed as a site for negotiating 'equality' and reciprocity in relationships. Therapists were more likely than non-therapists to frame 'difficulties' within relationships as opportunities for personal growth and increased emotional depth, and their stories included greater emotional complexity. These findings raise questions about practitioner training and whether it results in therapists drawing on narrow and restrictive discourses of heterosex in clinical practice.

"Ossu!" is a phonetic utterance that you hear constantly in many karate training halls (道場 dôjô). It functions as a passepartout, as a salutation, sign of understanding and consents, (self-)encouragement, apology, thanks etc. About its etymology and usage in martial arts circles

A change in the Community of Inquiry (COI) framework with an addition of an instructor social presence is suggested. The sample included 137 students in the School of Business of an online university. The independent variables were teaching and social presences from the COI framework and instructor social presence from an instrument developed for this study. Dependent variables were community and the learning environment as measured by the Rovai Classroom Community Scale. Instructor social presence reflected a significant impact on community and the learning environment. A need for more research into the impact of instructor social behavior in online and blended formats exists. The Community of Inquiry (COI) framework has become a significant tool for online and blended educational research (Swan & Ice, 2010). Following the first decade of the framework, Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2010) noted that the keynote article for the framework was cited in over 600 scholarly publications. reported that the original article by had over 1,050 citations in Google Scholar. Recently, researchers have called for a critical examination of the components of the COI framework . This study followed that call and suggests a COI framework that includes an instructor social presence (ISP).

Crowdfunding, an alternative means of raising funds for a business venture or social cause through online platforms, is a multi-billion dollar global industry expected to surpass the size of the global venture capital industry. In the Philippines, however, it is still in its early stages of growth. Despite its low popularity, several projects have been completed successfully, some of which eventually progressed into viable business startups. Using the pattern-matching technique of Robert Yin's multi-case study approach, this paper offers an explanation of what influences a crowdfunding project's success. Drawing on five cases of completed crowdfunding projects in the Philippines, analyzed using Ethan Mollick's crowdfunding success model, this paper suggests that social networks, funding targets, funding duration, platform endorsement and underlying project quality are closely associated with project success in the Philippine context.

Scrap tires were pyrolyzed in a continuously stirred batch reactor in the presence and absence of catalysts. The maximum yield of derived oil was up to 55.65 wt% at the optimum temperature, 500 °C. The catalytic pyrolysis was performed using 1.0 wt% (on a scrap tire weight basis) of catalysts based on ZSM-5, USY, β, SAPO-11, and ZSM-22. The oil products were characterized using simulation distillation, elemental analysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that using a catalyst can increase the conversion of scrap tires to gas and decrease char by-products; the yield of derived oil remains unchanged or a little lower. The oils derived from catalytic pyrolysis had H/C ratios of 1.55-1.65 and contained approximately 70-75 wt% light oil, 0.3-0.58 wt% S and 0.78-1.0 wt% N. Catalysts with high acid strengths and appropriate pore sizes, such as ZSM-5, USY, β, and SAPO-11, increased the amount of single-ring aromatics in the light-middle-fraction oil to 45 wt%. The derived oil can therefore be used as a petrochemical feedstock for producing high-value-added chemical products or fuel oil.

There is an increasing interest in the use of stories in healthcare practice and education. However, there are few stories from young people concerning health and little is known about their views on sharing such stories on the Internet. The aim of this study was to explore young people's perspectives in this area. A qualitative method was used and a project website was purposely built to facilitate data collection. An online focus group with 13 young people was carried out in an asynchronous format. Participants valued highly the therapeutic effect of storytelling and the use of digital stories to share feelings and experiences with a wide range of audiences, suggesting that well-produced stories could be a useful learning resource. A number of concerns were also raised, including embarrassment, reaction of other people and online safety. Having stories available on the Internet can be beneficial; however, concerns especially about safety associated with Internet use and support for storytellers should be taken into consideration. A better understanding of young people's perceptions can provide valuable insights for future work with this age group on storytelling.

We previously demonstrated high-frequency, targeted DNA addition mediated by the homologydirected DNA repair pathway. This method uses a zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) to create a site-specific double-strand break (DSB) that facilitates copying of genetic information into the chromosome from an exogenous donor molecule. Such donors typically contain two $750 bp regions of chromosomal sequence required for homology-directed DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that easily-generated linear donors with extremely short (50 bp) homology regions drive transgene integration into 5-10% of chromosomes. Moreover, we measure the overhangs produced by ZFN cleavage and find that oligonucleotide donors with single-stranded 5 0 overhangs complementary to those made by ZFNs are efficiently ligated in vivo to the DSB. Greater than 10% of all chromosomes directly incorporate this exogenous DNA via a process that is dependent upon and guided by complementary 5 0 overhangs on the donor DNA. Finally, we extend this nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-based technique by directly inserting donor DNA comprising recombinase sites into large deletions created by the simultaneous action of two separate ZFN pairs. Up to 50% of deletions contained a donor insertion. Targeted DNA addition via NHEJ complements our homology-directed targeted integration approaches, adding versatility to the manipulation of mammalian genomes.

At the start of 2020, we were enthusiastic about beginning a multi-country, interdisciplinary research project titled "Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture as Green Infrastructure" (UPAGrI). Examining the sustainability and social well-being outcomes of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA), the project aims to develop empirical evidence on UPA drivers, practices, and outcomes in rapidly growing cities and towns in India and Tanzania. 6

Le vulnerabilità prodotte dalle relazioni di potere-3. La vulnerabilità rimossa-4. L'astrazione del cittadino disincarnato e autofondato-5. Libertà come rimozione della relazione-6. La vulnerabilità come dato costitutivo dell'esperienza umana-7. La "crisi maschile" come rappresentazione paranoica-8. Un altro modello di soggettività, una differente idea di libertà.

This article examines how social media and messaging apps mediate everyday access to illicit psychoactive substances in Poland. While the study broadly engages with digital infrastructures, Telegram emerged as the primary hub where drug-related practices converge. Drawing on interviews with 19 mostly young, socio-economically mainstream drug users, we analyze how participants navigate app affordances, convenience, and risk in a prohibitive and stigmatized environment. Findings show that digital drug markets are embedded within polymedia ecologies: buyers move across Telegram, Messenger, Snapchat, and offline encounters, combining multiple sources and delivery options such as parcel lockers or ride-sharing couriers. These affordances create hyper-accessibility, normalizing on-demand access while offering users a sense of comfort. At the same time, safety is actively constructed through both technical features (disappearing messages, secret chats) and social mechanisms (legit checks, referrals, reviews). Yet participants often overestimated the security provided by platform affordances and privacy features and assumed that individual buyers remained too minor to be targeted by law enforcement. By situating these practices within broader debates on risk in platform societies, we highlight the hybridity of digital and physical exchanges. App-based drug supply exemplifies how everyday technologies reconfigure access, reshape trust, and blur boundaries between legality and deviance.

This paper examines the application of quantitative research methods in the social sciences, focusing on their strengths, criticisms, usefulness, and limitations within the Nigerian context. Quantitative research, grounded in positivism, employs numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses, identify patterns, and generate generalizable findings. Its key advantages include objectivity, reliability, and the ability to analyze large-scale samples, thereby supporting policy-relevant inferences and cross-regional comparisons. The study reviews four primary quantitative designs: experimental, correlational, descriptive (including surveys, case studies, and observations), and causal-comparative/quasi-experimental, highlighting how each contributes to understanding social phenomena. However, the paper also identifies notable weaknesses: oversimplification of complex human behavior, neglect of contextual and cultural nuances, measurement error, and a tendency to marginalize participants' voices. Critics argue that treating social institutions as natural objects ignores interpretive processes and that reliance on standardized instruments can create an artificial sense of precision. To address these challenges, the paper recommends methodological pluralism (mixed-methods and triangulation), cultural adaptation of instruments, capacity-building for researchers, improved data quality infrastructure, and stronger stakeholder engagement. By integrating these strategies, quantitative research can enhance its validity, relevance, and impact on addressing Nigeria's pressing social issues such as poverty, education, and health.

Internet-registers are having an increasing role in healthcare informatics. Understanding the motivations and expectations of people choosing to use such registers is important, and these aspects were investigated regarding people with MS who registered on the UK MS Register. An objective was to explore relationships between these factors and the source from which participants first learned about this Register, as this is relevant to how registers are publicised. The responses from a large number of participants (N = 2,675) to questions about the source by which they discovered the Register, why they registered, and how they thought it should be used, were qualitatively analysed using a 'word cloud' technique and traditional content analysis strategy to provide a more detailed analysis. The significant trends that emerged from these analyses were the importance to the participants of: studying MS; raising awareness about MS; improving and developing services and policies regarding MS; assisting others with MS; the Register as a resource for people with, and affected by, MS; the Register as an aid to themselves; and it being an open resource for all professionals and government bodies.

Bisulfite sequencing is a widely-used technique for examining cytosine DNA methylation at nucleotide resolution along single DNA strands. Probing with cytosine DNA methyltransferases followed by bisulfite sequencing (MAPit) is an effective technique for mapping protein-DNA interactions. Here, MAPit methylation footprinting with M.CviPI, a GC methyltransferase we previously cloned and characterized, was used to probe hMLH1 chromatin in HCT116 and RKO colorectal cancer cells. Because M.CviPI-probed samples contain both CG and GC methylation, we developed a versatile, visually-intuitive program, called MethylViewer, for evaluating the bisulfite sequencing results. Uniquely, MethylViewer can simultaneously query cytosine methylation status in bisulfite-converted sequences at as many as four different user-defined motifs, e.g. CG, GC, etc., including motifs with degenerate bases. Data can also be exported for statistical analysis and as publication-quality images. Analysis of hMLH1 MAPit data with MethylViewer showed that endogenous CG methylation and accessible GC sites were both mapped on single molecules at high resolution. Disruption of positioned nucleosomes on single molecules of the PHO5 promoter was detected in budding yeast using M.CviPII, increasing the number of enzymes available for probing protein-DNA interactions. MethylViewer provides an integrated solution for primer design and rapid, accurate and detailed analysis of bisulfite sequencing or MAPit datasets from virtually any biological or biochemical system.

A fejezet célja megismertetni az olvasót a pszichológiai kutatás etikai alapelveivel és szabályaival, és ezek gyakorlati alkalmazásával. A ma érvényes etikai normák és szabályok hosszú fejlődés eredményei,
emellett tükrözik is a társadalmi - kultúrális normákat. A fejezet rátekintést nyújt erre a történeti fejlődésre. A humán kutatások etikája mellett kitér az állatokkal folytatott kutatások kérdéskörére, és a pszichológiai kutatások társadalmi felelősségének kérdésére, és az internetes kutatás az etikai kérdéseire. Végül a fejezet kitekintés nyújt a kutatásetikával kapcsolatos jelenlegi hazai szabályzásra és eljárásrendre vonatkozóan. Mindezen keresztül cél a kutatásetikai kérdésekkel kapcsolatos érzékenység és tudatosság fejlesztése.

Jelen bevezetés A fonográf árnyékában (In the Shadow of the Phonograph) című kötethez a hangrögzítési technológiák globális kulturális és történeti hatását tárja fel. François Rabelais „fagyott szavainak” metaforájából és a Friedrich Kittler által leírt 1900 körüli diszkurzív váltásból kiindulva a szerzők a hang anyagiságát és a „mediális fordulat” következményeit vizsgálják. A tanulmány érvelése szerint a fonográf megjelenése nem pusztán technológiai újítás volt, hanem mélyreható episztemológiai törés, amely a hangot mulandó eseményből rögzített, reprodukálható és árucikké tehető tárggyá alakította. Ez a rögzítettség alapvetően formálta át az emlékezet szerkezetét és a hallgatás rítusait, a hangot „kísértetjárta médiummá” változtatva, amely képes leválasztani a hangzást az élő testről.

A kötet két központi fogalom, a rítus és az emlékezet (remembrance) köré szerveződik, elutasítva a nyugati centrikus narratívákat egy globális, történetileg informált megközelítés javára. Széles körű esettanulmányokon keresztül – amelyek a gyarmati Angolától és a kubai zenék kongói vándorlásától a 9/11 dokumentumfilmeken át a modern környezetvédelmi aktivizmusig terjednek – a munka bemutatja, hogyan sajátították ki és értelmezték újra a különböző közösségek a rögzített hangot. A szerzők demonstrálják, hogy a hangrögzítés nem semleges folyamat, hanem aktív társ - ágens, amely új lehetőségeket teremt a politikai ellenállásra, a közösségi identitás megformálására és a múlttal való kapcsolat folyamatos, ritualizált újratárgyalására.

A szerző álláspontja szerint a modern információs társadalom nem hozott magával teljesen új problémákat, mivel az ebben a fogalomkörben felvetett jellegzetes kérdések gyakorlatilag egyidősek a nyugati civilizációval. Ennélfogva a konzervatív gondolkodás számára is jól ismert, klasszikus kérdésekről van szó, tehát semmiképpen sem igaz, hogy a konzervatív felfogás számára az információs társadalom elvileg is új kihívást jelent. Mindezt a tanulmány a konzervatívok szemében általában kiemelten fontos négy kérdéskör, a hagyomány, a rend, a funkció és a tudás (a tudomány) jelenségcsoportjainak elemzésével támasztja alá. Az igazi konzervatív gondolkodás semmiképpen sem ellenséges vagy gyanakvó az információs technológiák fejlődésével és terjedésével szemben. Mivel lényeges társadalmi változások nem rajzolódnak ki a horizonton, a szerző következtetése szerint fennmaradnak a klasszikus kérdések és érvényesek a klasszikus válaszok is.

La gestión de riesgos, como componente clave del control interno, es una herramienta que ayuda a incorporar la volatilidad de las variables aleatorias y sus efectos en el proceso de toma de decisiones empresariales. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar, a través de un estudio científico, los principales rasgos de la gestión de riesgos, así como establecer la uniformidad conceptual y metodológica de los elementos de la valoración del riesgo institucional y la correcta detección del cambio. Para esto se recurrió a métodos pertinentes para estos estudios, como el inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural y estadísticos. Se determina que el riesgo es la probabilidad de ocurrencia de un evento y que puede tener un impacto negativo sobre el cumplimiento de los objetivos estratégicos de una organización. Se puede clasificar en riesgo estratégico, del entorno, comercial, económico-financiero, operacional, tecnológico, medioambiental, así como los elementos primordiales de la gestión de riesgos en las organizaciones. Palabras clave: riesgos, gestión de riesgos, control interno, métodos de investigación.

Die Polizei ist nicht mehr nur auf der Straße präsent, sondern auch in der digitalen Welt. Instagram Stories, Beiträge auf X, Facebook und Tiktok sind Teil moderner Polizeikommunikation – auch in Österreich. Die Büros für Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in den Landespolizeidirektionen nutzen soziale Medien, um Informationen zu verbreiten, Fahndungen zu unterstützen, Prävention zu betreiben und Einblicke in den Berufsalltag zu geben. Das spiegelt den gesellschaftlichen Wandel wider: Bürger:innen erwarten Transparenz, schnelle Kommunikation und Nähe staatlicher Institutionen. Gleichzeitig wächst der Anspruch an die Polizei, im digitalen Raum verantwortungsbewusst zu handeln. Der Beitrag analysiert die ethischen Herausforderungen der polizeilichen Medien- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im 21. Jahrhundert mit Blick auf die österreichische Exekutive.

This Research Note reflects on a digital ethnography project that set out to explore whether, and in what ways, dating app Tinder is used in the online drug trade. Despite a carefully crafted 6-month study involving ethically transparent research profiles and off-platform recruitment attempts, no direct contact with drug vendors was established, and no explicit traces of illicit activity were observed. Rather than treating this outcome as a failure, the project is reframed as a site of methodological and epistemological inquiry rooted in digital ethnography, with particular attention to the challenges of conducting reflexive fieldwork in obscured, platform-mediated environments. It highlights the tensions-epistemic frictions-between researcher visibility, platform affordances, and the deliberate opacity of illicit economies. The Note details the initial research design and subsequent methodological pivots while reflecting on failure, ethical transparency, and how absence can become a meaningful object of analysis. It offers insights into how digital ethnographers might respond reflexively to inaccessible digital fields and develop strategies for engaging with phenomena that resist capture. Crucially, it argues that absence should not be read merely as methodological failure but as a reflection of how disciplinary assumptions and platform-specific affordances shape what can, and cannot, be known.

Politički aspekt zaštite životne sredine zahteva koordinisane političke napore na globalnom, nacionalnom i lokalnom nivou i zato je izuzetno važan, ako ne i presudan, jer uslovljava efikasnost i održivost svih drugih aspekata. S obzirom na kompleksnost pojma političkog i širinu oblasti zaštite životne sredine, autor selektivno razmatra politički aspekt zaštite životne sredine u Srbiji kroz fenomen političke volje na više nivoa. Politička volja je do neprepoznatljivosti sveprisutan fenomen u javnom diskursu, ali se njena uloga uočava tek kada izostane. Stvarnost pokazuje da u mehanizmu primene dobre prakse i odluka o zaštiti životne sredine nedostaje politička volja i daje neophodno istražiti razloge za to. Naše hipotetičko polazište je da politička volja ima ključnu ulogu u rešavanju problema zaštite životne sredine i ukoliko vlast i lideri kao najvažniji eksponenti političke volje i volje građana ne prepoznaju značaj zaštite životne sredine, prioritete, ciljeve i posledice, utoliko će i efekti biti slabi. Rad nakon uvodnog i teorijskog dela obrađuje u tri različite celine tri nivoa ispoljavanja političke volje, nivo države, nivo lokalne samouprave i pojedinaca. Prednost je data nivoima lokalne samouprave i pojedinaca, jer su mogućnosti i efekti delovanja u zaštiti životne sredine najuočljiviji. U radu su korišćene analitičko-sintetička, metoda poređenja i delom hipotetičko-deduktivna. Zaključeno je da za rešavanje problema zaštite životne sredine neophodna komplementarnost političke volja na sva tri nivoa, da je odgovornost države najveća, ali da se pozitivni efekti zaštite životne sredine najbrže i najefikasnije mogu postići na lokalnom i pojedinačnom nivou. Razlog je što nedostatak političke volje ima svoj prvenstveno politički i donekle materijalni i kulturološki uzrok, a koji se najjasnije ispoljava na lokalnom nivou kroz kolektivnu svest zajednice, pojedinaca i posledica.

Electronic insurance is one of the important phenomena result from the adoption of ICT and information management .That causes profound changes in the way compensation is insurance sales. So that the relationship with the insurer increases and the range of virtualized dealing with some types of insurance policies that are broader. In this study, the review and identify barriers to the implementation of electronic insurance paid on the insurance industry of Iran using AHP and hierarchical analysis, we prioritize these barriers. The results showed that environmental indicators in order of importance, and nature of organizational behavior and options in order of importance Cultural factors, The complexity of the insurance field, necessary initial visit and assessing the damage to the person, Lack of support from senior managers, Resistance against changing personnel, legal, macro-development costs, technology, weak administrative structure, lack of funds, shortage of manpower, technolo...

Poniższa praca jest efektem analizy środowiska kibicowskiego i zjawisk, które w nim zachodzą. Jest to próba opisu relacji międzygrupowych, jakie mają miejsce w grupach najbardziej zaangażowanych kibiców piłkarskich polskich klubów. W pracy zastosowano rozróżnienie relacji ze względu na ich charakterystykę emocjonalną. Pod uwagę zostały wzięte afiliacje o zabarwieniu pozytywnym (zgody i układy) oraz negatywnym (kosy). Przeanalizowane zostały również okoliczności, w jakich negatywne stosunki międzyklubowe zostają czasowo zawieszone. Na opis składa się próba wyjaśnienia sytuacji, w jakich dochodzi do zawiązania i ewentualnego upadku poszczególnych relacji międzyklubowych oraz praktyk, jakie wiążą się z poszczególnymi aliansami kibicowskimi. Przy analizie kierowano się rozwiązaniami teoretycznymi Randalla Collinsa i jego koncepcją Energii Emocjonalnej i dokonano próby ich zastosowania do tematyki badania. Pod uwagę została również wzięta koncepcja niewidzialnej religii Thomasa Luckmanna oraz jej zastosowanie do analizy subkultury kibicowskiej dokonane przez Dominika Antonowicza i Łukasza Wrzesińskiego.

This study examined the phenomenon of media trials and their implications for political justice, with specific focus on the role of television and social media in influencing criminal case outcomes. Drawing on a qualitative-dominant mixed methodological approach, the research analyzed primetime television news coverage, political talk shows, and publicly available social media content related to high-profile criminal cases. The findings revealed that media narratives frequently preceded formal judicial actions, constructing symbolic judgments of guilt or innocence through sensational framing, emotive language, and repetitive visual and discursive cues. Television media primarily shaped public understanding through dramatization and agenda-setting, while social media intensified these narratives through viral amplification, participatory judgment, and algorithm-driven visibility. The interaction between these platforms created a parallel adjudicatory space that exerted indirect pressure on investigative, prosecutorial, and political actors, particularly during pre-arrest and early investigation stages. Although courts largely maintained formal independence, surrounding institutions appeared responsive to heightened media scrutiny, raising concerns about due process, presumption of innocence, and fair-trial guarantees. The study further highlighted how political polarization and weak regulatory mechanisms amplified the effects of media trials, especially in politically sensitive cases. By synthesizing discursive patterns with institutional responses, the research contributed to a deeper understanding of how contemporary media ecosystems reshaped justice processes. The study underscored the need for coordinated reforms involving judicial safeguards, ethical journalism, platform accountability, and public media literacy to protect the integrity of criminal justice in the digital age.

Research conducted at the Maternity Hospital Amal Kita Medan, there is interest in the mother's labor problems. The delivery process mother very well known today is a normal process and the process operation (caesar). For through the delivery process is started from the beginning of pregnancy until the approaching labor, the mother should always check up with your doctor or midwife. There are several factors that affect labor the mother is the position of the baby, the baby's weight and the capability of the mother to the birth process. Based inidisusulkan a proposed system to the Maternity Hospital Amal Kita Medan in determining maternal labor with the concept of a decision support system that is supported by the Method of Simple Additive Weight (SAW). Methods Simple Additive Weight (SAW) have been selected for this method determines the weight values for each attribute that affects the mother's labor. Then proceed with the ranking process that will select best alternat...

Minden korszakra jellemző, hogy mit, hogyan és mivel játszanak az abban a korban felnevelkedő gyerekek. A gyerekkorunkban játszott játékok érzelmileg is olyan erősen érintik a személyiséget, hogy szemléletformáló erejük, az emberi kapcsolatokat modelláló szerepük szinte felbecsülhetetlen; a társas, másokkal együtt átélt, közösen alakított játék a sikeresség, az eredményesség, a kooperációs és vezetői képesség, az önmegjelenítés, a győzelem-elviselés és a veszíteni tudás, a kudarc-feldolgozás képességének is iskolája. Nem mindegy tehát, hogy milyen játékokkal és hogyan játszottunk mi a gyermekkorunkban, s az sem, hogy felnőttként saját gyerekeink kezébe milyen játékokat adunk, mire tanítjuk meg őket; mit kínál nekik az őket körülvevő világ

This paper describes a theoretically informed Online Inquiry Tool designed to support the exploration of controversial issues on the Internet. The tool’s design is grounded in principles associated with theories of online research and comprehension, argumentation for learning, representational guidance, and cognitive load. The purpose of the tool is to help students organize, monitor, and regulate several complex cognitive activities likely to present challenges during online inquiry. Supports are embedded into the digital tool to help students plan their information search around a controversial issue, identify supporting arguments and counterarguments related to this issue, critically evaluate and synthesize information from multiple sources, and use a filled in representation of what they learned to organize and compose a cohesive essay.

Your inbox probably has more invitations to join online health research surveys than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Online surveys have become an important tool for COVID-19 research when conventional survey methods are not feasible. Yet the response to COVID-19 has also underlined the urgent need for high-quality behavioural data. Is the trend towards online health survey research an indication of practices to come or a stark reminder of the perils of convenient sampling methods? This Comment examines unique opportunities associated with online health research surveys, challenges in implementing and interpreting data from online surveys, and considerations for getting the most out of online health research.