Physics Classical Mechanics

The "Neoclassical Theory of Atoms" challenges the dominance of quantum mechanics in explaining certain atomic phenomena. This work argues that a classical approach, utilizing electromagnetic Coulomb forces and Newtonian mechanics, can potentially account for discrete energy levels and spectral lines observed in hydrogen and helium atoms. It questions the necessity of invoking the seemingly counterintuitive aspects of quantum mechanics for these specific phenomena. By demonstrating the potential of a classical framework, this research aims to stimulate debate and exploration of alternative explanations within physics. This could potentially lead to a deeper understanding of the nature of reality and the limitations (or potential for expansion) of current physical theories.

This paper provides a comprehensive study of undamped oscillations. It covers the theoretical derivation of physical pendulum periods and offers step-by-step solutions to complex problems, including non-linear systems, potential fields (U=Cr^n), and specialized cases from MIPT and the All-Russian Physics Olympiad."

The "Neoclassical Theory of Atoms" challenges the dominance of quantum mechanics in explaining certain atomic phenomena. This work argues that a classical approach, utilizing electromagnetic Coulomb forces and Newtonian mechanics, can potentially account for discrete energy levels and spectral lines observed in hydrogen and helium atoms. It questions the necessity of invoking the seemingly counterintuitive aspects of quantum mechanics for these specific phenomena. By demonstrating the potential of a classical framework, this research aims to stimulate debate and exploration of alternative explanations within physics. This could potentially lead to a deeper understanding of the nature of reality and the limitations (or potential for expansion) of current physical theories.

Il presente contributo propone una sintesi strutturata dei principali contenuti del corso di Fisica I, con particolare riferimento al metodo scientifico, alla cinematica del punto materiale, alle grandezze vettoriali, ai principi fondamentali della dinamica e ai concetti di lavoro, energia e statica. L’obiettivo è fornire un quadro chiaro e organico delle leggi fondamentali della meccanica classica, integrando definizioni, relazioni matematiche ed elementi concettuali utili alla comprensione dei fenomeni fisici di base. Il lavoro si configura come supporto allo studio universitario e alla preparazione dell’esame, mantenendo un’impostazione rigorosa ma accessibile.

Quantum mechanics, currently considered the most successful scientific theory, has been the subject of much debate since its creation in the 1920s. This article highlights some of the contradictions and misconceptions that still exist within it, drawing from the history of science. For Bohr's atomic model to be satisfied, orbital electrons do not need to be waves. One simply needs to replace Maxwell's misunderstood electric field lines with those of Faraday and adopt Rutherford's nuclear electron theory. A neutron is a composite

The equation describing the relationship between mass and energy has long been a subject of debate among physicists. One perspective holds that the mass of an object changes with velocity, referred to as relativistic mass, while another maintains that mass remains constant regardless of velocity, referred to as invariant mass. However, many experiments have shown that the concept of relativistic mass is required to explain experimental results. Moreover, when analyzed using Newtonian or classical mechanics under the assumption that mass depends on velocity, the result coincides with Einstein's mass-energy relation. This makes it difficult to deny the validity of relativistic mass. A question arises, however: if the increase of mass with velocity is indeed real, how can an object's velocity continue to increase when all the work or energy applied to it seemingly contributes solely to increasing its mass? To resolve this while remaining consistent with the law of conservation of energy, the authors propose a theory derived from classical mechanics, under the assumption that mass varies with velocity, together with the consideration that space-time itself imposes constraint on motion. This space-time constraint introduces a resistive constraint force against motion. The result shows that the mass of an object increasing with velocity as relativistic mass, given by m_v = m_o/sqrt(1-(v/c)^2), is possible and that this increase in mass is accompanied by the occurrence of negative energy, with a value of (-1/2)m_vv^2

Modern science has long been trapped in unresolved questions concerning the nature of spacetime and the ontological status of consciousness. This paper proposes the Hyper-Classical Mechanics model, arguing that Newton’s three laws are not obsolete approximations but meta-rules of the universe itself.
Within this grand unified framework:
Newton’s Third Law (action–reaction) defines energy as the antagonistic tension between Absolute Vacuum and Quantum Vacuum.
Newton’s First Law (inertia) defines objective cosmic time and biological survival instinct. Time is not a construct of consciousness; it is the continuation of existential inertia generated at the instant the first particle was implanted, resisting annihilation by Absolute Vacuum.
Newton’s Second Law (F = ma) defines the right of consciousness to intervene in time. Consciousness is shown to function as an independent force (F) capable of altering material acceleration (a) along the temporal axis, enabling intelligent life to escape inertial cosmic time and complete a retro-causal creation loop.

Nel 1935 John W.Kittredge inventò un giunto tripode dotato di roller sferici, tale giunto era di tipo sso. Nel 1937 Karl Kutzbach fece un progetto base di un semiasse costituito da due giunti a tripode, in particolare le piste erano a anchi paralleli, con elementi volventi sferici. Seguirono altri brevetti negli anni seguenti, no ad arrivare agli anni '60 quando Gunnar A. Wahlmark e la compagnia BRD si interessarono alla versione sviluppata da Michel Orain nel 1953. Wahlmark pensò di avere trovato l'inventore di un giunto tripode perfettamente omocinetico, adatto a lavorare a velocità angolari no a 3000 giri al minuto e le cui parti interne ed esterne scorrono una rispetto all'altra in fase di articolazione, con la parte interna che si muove di moto relativo circolare rispetto alla parte esterna. La produzione in serie del giunto tripode-GE di Orain iniziò già nel 1958 presso la Glaenzer-Spicer, attuale GKN.

This document formally presents the CRVD formulation of star-space equilibrium, the role of dark energy pressure, comparison with the classical Eddington limit, mechanisms of equilibrium breakdown, and a complete seven-stage description of dark-energy-space interactions around active stars.

This document provides a complete, step-by-step physical explanation of why, in the CRVD framework, the inability of space to tolerate arbitrary localized configurations at quantum scales necessarily leads to quantization. The argument is developed from first principles, without assuming quantum postulates, and is structured in nine logical steps, followed by a critical final summary.

This document provides a complete, step-by-step physical explanation of why, in the CRVD framework, the inability of space to tolerate arbitrary localized configurations at quantum scales necessarily leads to quantization. The argument is developed from first principles, without assuming quantum postulates, and is structured in nine logical steps, followed by a critical final summary.

An RF helical deflector a is a type of electron and ion optics device that applies a time-dependent rotating transverse electric or magnetic field by means of time-dependent RF voltage applied on two opposite conducting helical structures (wires, ribbons or other) to deflect charged particles (a single, bunch or beam) in a circular or spiral path. It is a perspective indirect timing system being concurrent for reaching picosecond time resolution, and have promise being excellent candidate for high precision time-of-flight detection. As a timing system, it converts the temporal structure of an electron beam into a spatial pattern-particularly, an ellipse in the case of a single-frequency RF voltage and continuous electron pencil beam. I propose a capacitor model of an RF helical deflector and compare it with the existing textbook model [1, 2], interpret them and provide understanding of them. Furthermore, I analyze the latter, finding analytical formulas for the applied electric field, ellipse sizes (semi-axes) and rotation angle, lengths of the ellipse line, corresponding to the duration of electron pencil bunches or beams. The present article touches the topics of getting circle on resonance limit and of deflection sensitivity.

Problemas de Llorente. Dinámica de dos cuerpos, descripción del funcionamiento del sistema, trabajo de dos entidades no fijas en el espacio, de masas relativamente cercanas. Relación con futuros "Problema de Llorente: modelización de un cohete multifásico", "Problema de Llorente: sistema EDO descriptivo del problema de los tres cuerpos

This paper proposes the Messenger Particle Medium theory, a nonlocal hidden variable framework introducing a universal Ψ-field. Quantum excitations (ψ-particles) mediate entanglement correlations superluminally while preserving information causality. We present dynamical equations, entanglement flux formalism, and demonstrate relativistic compatibility. The theory predicts testable phenomena including messenger background radiation and finite entanglement establishment time, offering the first mechanistic explanation for quantum nonlocality with implications for quantum technologies.

Con il termine energia gravitazionale si fa riferimento all'energia potenziale posseduta da un corpo dotato di massa all'interno di un campo gravitazionale. In questa trattazione presenterò una breve introduzione alla teoria del potenziale rimanendo nella teoria classica di gravitazione Newtoniana: ricaveremo l'equazione di Poisson e in seguito un'espressione per l'energia potenziale. Successivamente dedurremo il teorema del viriale, che fornisce una relazione tra alcune energie in gioco in un sistema all'equilibrio ed è un teorema estremamente importante in astrofisica e trova numerosissime applicazioni. Poi, analizzeremo il caso di singola particella che spiraleggia attorno ad un buco nero, per mostrare che nei Nuclei Galattici Attivi, Quasar e in alcuni classi di stelle binarie collassate l'estrazione dell'energia gravitazionale dal materiale che sta accrescendo su questi oggetti è un meccanismo potentissimo per la produzione di radiazione elettrom...

The overlooked narrative about the origin of quantum nature in atoms primarily stems from a close examination of two sequential events from the past. The first event was Einstein's attribution of quantum characteristics to light waves in his effort to elucidate the photoelectric effect, which ascribed both a corpuscular and wave nature to light. The second event involved de Broglie's proposal regarding the wave nature of material particles, such as electrons, suggesting that they too possessed both corpuscular and wave characteristics. This advancement led to the emergence of a new branch of mechanics, termed quantum mechanics, which posits that the energy associated with any particle cannot be continuously altered but can assume a specific or some finite value, thereby endowing energy with a quantum form. This quantum nature of matter was perceived to arise from its dual wave-particle nature. It was later revealed that this mechanics exhibits a probabilistic character, which has sparked considerable debate among physicists. Essentially, the prevailing question at that time revolved around how electrons are stabilized within atoms and how these atoms can emit light waves of specific frequencies. In addressing this question, physicists, despite their limited resources, conducted high-quality experiments during the initial three decades of the 20th century, yielding significant conclusions. However, they occasionally overlooked critical signals obtained from these experiments. Had they not done so, the current understanding of physics might have been markedly different. This paper seeks to reassess those signals that were intermittently disregarded and constructs a comprehensive narrative regarding the potential impact they could have had on the evolving mechanics of that era, as well as the alternative perspective of physics that might have emerged from them.

Resumen Este artículo propone un nuevo marco teórico para interpretar el comportamiento de los sistemas eléctricos trifásicos como un vórtice electromagnético. Mediante la aplicación de la geometría de vectores, se hipotetiza que la dinámica rotacional de las tres fases genera una fuerza electromagnética centrípeta, influyendo en el flujo de electrones y creando un gradiente de voltaje con un potencial más alto en el centro del vórtice. Se derivan ecuaciones preliminares basadas en las ecuaciones de Maxwell y se discuten posibles implicaciones para la ingeniería eléctrica y la física. Se recomienda una validación experimental adicional.

Questa è una trascrizione quasi letterale della mia copia dattiloscritta e ciclostilata degli appunti del prof. Strocchi, utilizzati a Pisa nell’Anno Accademico 1974/75 accanto al Goldstein per il corso di Meccanica Analitica rivolto agli studenti del secondo anno. In questa trascrizione, oltre a correggere vari refusi ed errori di stampa, ho aggiunto delle note e reso espliciti alcuni passaggi matematici.

As an aid to teachers and students who are learning to apply Geometric Algebra (GA) to high-school-level physics, this final installment in our guide to David Hestenes's treatment of constant-acceleration motion provides detailed solutions to the associated exercises in Hestenes's book New Foundations for Classical Mechanics. Determine the maximum horizontal range x for a projectile with initial speed vo fired at targets on a plateau with (vertical) elevation y above the firing pad.

As an aid to teachers and students who are learning to apply Geometric Algebra (GA) to high-school-level physics, we provide this third installment in our guide guide to Hestenes's treatment of constant-acceleration motion. A key element of this installment is our detailed discussion of how Hestenes uses "extended hodographs" as sources of geometric insights that can be expressed and transformed via GA to deduce relationships among factors that affect constant-acceleration motion.

As an aid to teachers and students who are learning to apply Geometric Algebra to high-school-level physics, we provide this second installment in our guide guide to Hestenes's treatment of constant-acceleration motion. Specifically, we present a more-detailed version of Hestenes's solution to the problem of finding the time and distance at which a projectile will reach a specific point along a given line of sight. We begin by reviewing the GA ideas that we will use, and finish by verifying the solution via a GeoGebra worksheet.

The Triadic State Equation describes the rate of change of a state variable S(t) through the interaction of three components — Current State S, Attractor State A, and Resistance R — governed by a generative constant Γ and two shape exponents n and m. This paper substantially extends the original framework in five directions. First, resistance is made endogenous, evolving with state, time, memory, and network structure, converting the framework from a static curve-family into a genuine adaptive dynamical system. Second, the attractor is made dynamic and reflexively coupled to S, accommodating moving equilibria, co-evolutionary targets, and adaptive goals. Third, invariants and Lyapunov stability conditions are derived, providing the conservation structure absent from phenomenological curve-fitting frameworks. Fourth, the equation is derived from microscopic first principles — including agent interaction rules, entropy maximization under constraints, and variational principles — establishing it as a necessary rather than merely convenient description of directed change. Fifth, phase transitions, bifurcations, and coupled multi-variable extensions are introduced, connecting the framework to catastrophe theory, synchronization, and cascade dynamics in complex networks.