Police Leadership

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and employees' job satisfaction in retail industry, a fast-growing industry in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach-The author employed explanatory factor analysis and regression analysis to examine the effect of leadership style on job satisfaction. The leadership style scale is adjusted from the scale of MLQ-5X of Bass and Avolio while job satisfaction is reflected by Brayfield and Rothe's scale. Findings-The result shows that all the component dimensions of transformational leadership style have positive influence on retail employee's job satisfaction. It is also worth noting that the component of contingent reward of transactional leadership style has the strongest positive effect on job satisfaction of retail employees. Originality/value-This study emphasizes the important role of leadership styles on employees' job satisfaction. From the results, managers in retail company can improve their leadership to enhance employees' job satisfaction.

This article explores the leadership of Gaashaanle Sare Yaxye Cali Bisle, the Commander of the Awdal Regional Police Force, and his significant contributions to the security and stabilization of Borama and the wider Awdal region. Since assuming his role, Bisle has played a pivotal role in restoring order during periods of unrest and protests. His efforts in fostering community-police cooperation, combating drug abuse, and prioritizing ongoing training for officers have been central to his leadership approach. Through strategic operations targeting criminal activities and drug trafficking, Bisle has worked tirelessly to safeguard the region’s youth and enhance overall public safety. This article highlights how his leadership exemplifies effective policing, community engagement, and proactive measures aimed at long-term security and peacebuilding.

Organizational achievement is an ability of the leader to influence others to do the right things. It is called leadership. There are many leadership theories that have been written but there is no one theory that works best in a given situation because organizations have different environments and cultures, especially the public sector. This study would encourage new empirical findings to public administration. The purposes of this study are to analyze and to examine the influence of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles of the chief executives to organizational performance in case of Thai local organizations. They are Pattaya City, Laemchabang City Municipality, and Chonburi Provincial Organization. Self-administered surveys distributed to a randomly selected sample within the three local organizations. Participants consisted of 820 respondents who had returned the questionnaires from 953 invitations. The results demonstrated that transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles have a significant and positive influence to the organizational performance. The findings revealed individual consideration leadership style in transformational exhibited in two locations, while others displayed only one location. Contingent reward and management by exception-active in transactional leadership style and laissez-faire leadership style also indicate independent influence to the organizational performance but there is no leadership style overlaps. Therefore, it is concluded the leadership styles of the organizational achievement are the best from regression equation. Those are charisma, inspiration motivation and intellectual stimulation in transformational leadership, contingent reward and management by exception-active in transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership style.

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style on organizational performance in Jigjiga Polytechnic College, Ethiopia. The study employed an explanatory research design and a mixed study approach. A total of 160 respondents was drawn from the target population by using simple random sampling, and stratified sampling techniques were also applied to identify from each stratum the required size. A structured questionnaire in the form of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and an interview guideline were used for data collection. The data was analyzed through descriptive and regression analysis by using SPSS Version 21 software. The study found that the most dominant leadership style practiced in college is participative leadership, followed by transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire leadership. Transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles have a clearly positive significant effect on the organizational performance of Jigjiga Polytechnic College, and the laissez-faire leadership style has the greatest impact on the organizational performance of the school. The transformational leadership style has a clearly negative significant effect on the organizational performance of the college. However, the participative leadership style is statistically insignificant. The study recommends the college top management should focus on developing and promoting leaders who exhibit transactional and laissez-faire behaviors to enhance the performance of the college. Moreover, a combination of various leadership styles can bring more satisfaction and enhance organizational performance.
Keywords: Laissez-faire, participative, transactional, transformational, and organizational performance.

This study assesses the role of public enterprises in Nigeria's economic growth, acknowledging their historical purpose to drive development in key sectors. However, their performance has been hindered by inefficiency, corruption, and poor management. Using Institutional Theory, the research explores how formal structures, governance frameworks, and informal norms shape the operations and outcomes of these enterprises. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, analyzing government reports, policy papers, and academic literature. Findings reveal that institutional weaknesses such as regulatory capture, lack of accountability, and politicization of leadership have obstructed the effectiveness of public enterprises. Nevertheless, the research identifies instances where institutional reforms, autonomy, and adherence to corporate governance principles led to improved performance and sectoral contributions. The study emphasizes the need for aligning institutional frameworks with the objectives of public enterprises to boost their developmental impact. It concludes that while public enterprises can drive economic growth, their success depends on institutional coherence, transparent regulatory oversight, and a shift from politically driven management to performance-based systems. The study contributes to the discourse on public sector reform in Nigeria and provides policy recommendations aimed at strengthening institutional structures to improve the performance of public enterprises.

The U.S. Capitol, which is simultaneously a national shrine, tourist attraction, and working office building, imposes challenging security requirements. The Capitol Police Board, established by Congress to protect the Capitol Complex, has responsibility for reconciling the needs of safety and openness. Acting under the direction of House and Senate Oversight and Appropriations Committees, the Board has in recent years instituted numerous enhancements to the Capitol security system. During the decade prior to the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, a number of security enhancements to Capitol Complex security were set in place. They were done pursuant both to studies and recommendations as well as actions taken by the Capitol Police and other congressional entities concerned with security and directions and authorizations contained in appropriations language.

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Law enforcement officers routinely encounter situations that challenge their moral, ethical, and spiritual beliefs, often resulting in a form of trauma known as moral injury. While many agencies have adopted psychological and peer-support–based wellness programs, the spiritual dimension of trauma—a central component of moral injury—remains largely unaddressed. This white paper proposes a trauma-informed spiritual care model that formally integrates chaplaincy and spiritually grounded interventions into broader officer wellness systems. Drawing from interdisciplinary research in policing, military mental health, psychology, chaplaincy, and trauma studies, this paper highlights the evidence supporting spiritually integrated care as an essential complement to clinical mental-health treatment. It presents a model policy outlining training guidelines, collaborative structures, and phased implementation strategies for integrating chaplaincy into wellness programs. The purpose of this framework is to improve moral-injury recognition, provide holistic recovery pathways, reduce burnout and suicide risk, and strengthen organizational trust. By adopting a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach, law enforcement agencies can enhance resilience, promote moral repair, and address a long-standing gap in officer wellness practices.

The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory study was to identify the stressors police officers experienced relating to the administrative disciplinary processes within law enforcement. The study's aim was to explore the aspects of police officer stressors using the experiences, interpretations, and responses of current or former police officers. The participants (n = 10) interviewed in this study were uniformed and sworn officers from multiple law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. Utilizing a grounded theory design, the thematic analysis of the data revealed multiple negative experiences associated with both administrators within the law enforcement profession, as well as the actual disciplinary processes. In all, the participant's interpretations of the disciplinary experience revealed 24 specific stressors. The finding of this
study spotlights underlying negative psychological issues associated with certain administrative disciplinary practices within law enforcement.

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Vorbeugung von Radikalisierung innerhalb der Sicherheitsbehörden ist zunehmend Gegenstand der internationalen Forschung. Wie die Polizeiorganisationen die Problematik selber einordnen und handhaben ist jedoch weiterhin schlecht erschlossen. Basierend auf einer qualitativen Befragung von Leitungspersonen aus dem Schweizer Polizeiwesen gibt der Beitrag empirische Einblicke in dieses Praxiswissen. Er ergänzt den Forschungsstand mit der institutionellen Handhabung von Radikalisierungsphänomenen im Polizeibereich und formuliert daraus weiterführende Forschungsfragen.

The detection, handling and prevention of radicalisation within security services is increasingly the subject of international research. However, how police organisations themselves classify and handle the issue remains poorly understood. Based on a qualitative survey of executives from the Swiss police forces, this article provides empirical insights into this practical knowledge. It supplements the current state of research with the institutional handling of radicalisation phenomena in the police sector and formulates further research questions based on this.

La détection, la gestion et la prévention de la radicalisation au sein des services de sécurité font de plus en plus l’objet de recherches internationales. Cependant, la manière dont les organisations policières classent et traitent elles-mêmes cette problématique reste mal appréhendée. Basé sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès de cadres supérieurs des forces de police suisses, cet article fournit des aperçus empiriques de ces connaissances pratiques. Il complète l’état actuel de la recherche par l’approche institutionnelle des phénomènes de radicalisation dans le domaine policier et en tire des questions de recherche supplémentaires.

This study initiates a qualitative survey to measure and analyze the ramifications of the most integral leadership patterns on human resources commitment to new-generation information technologies. On that account, this research builds on the extensive literature to examine the leadership construct from three behavioral aspects: transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire typologies. Therefore, a survey interview was carried out to depict how the multidimensional essence of these managerial practices can urge employees to embrace the IT vision and strive to implement new digital innovations in the context of tertiary education. The thematic analysis method has been administered for the analytical cross-examination of the qualitative outputs. The findings provided evidence of a generally positive correlation between the managers characterized as transformational leaders and the intense commitment to the leadership's digital strategy and vision. On the other hand, transactional management was perceived from two opposite perspectives: The first impact was positive as it vindicated the leverage of the employee's information technology performance, even with the reward-punishment system. Meanwhile, the second account considered this pattern inadmissible since it disregarded the inspirational motivation that touches upon employees' souls and spirits to entice them into the thorough implementation of IT schemes rather than the mere intermittent financial compensations. The input regarding the laissez-faire patterns attests that these leaders are utterly absent and avoid taking charge of their employees. This non-transactional management compromises the effective and adequate execution of the preplanned IT schemes.

This quantitative correlational-predictive study aimed to examine the relationship between transactional, transformational, or laissez-faire leadership styles and the successful implementation of BDA projects. The study was framed based on the full range leadership theory (FRLT) and the project success model (PRM). Primary data were collected anonymously on the SurveyMonkey platform from a convenience sample of 145 BDA implementation team members, and respondents recruited from the United States. The survey questionnaire included a demographic 5-component item, the MLQ-45, used to measure leadership styles, and PSQ-25 used to measure the successful implementation of BDA projects. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the three leadership styles of transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire leadership styles complete model explained more than two-thirds of the total variance in the criterion variable, BDA project implementation success (R2= 0.863, adj R2=0.781), and the result was statistically significant, F (1,124) = 104.866, p <.001. The corresponding effect size was strong (Cohen's f2=0.000). Transformational leadership style was a statistically positive significant predictor of BDA implementation success when controlling for transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles and showed a predictive power of (R2 change=0.181), and the statistical significance of the predictor's contribution (F change (1,124) =104.866, p<.001. These findings may be used for training purposes in the BDA field and may support recruiting leaders with a high predictivity transformational leadership style.

In recent years, the Nigerian landscape has witnessed a significant surge in criminal
activities, posing a formidable challenge to law enforcement agencies. To address this
mounting crisis, there is an urgent need to adapt and enhance traditional policing methods
through the incorporation of modern surveillance technologies. This thesis explores the current state of surveillance in Nigeria and its potential role in advancing E-Policing as an effective approach to combat crimes. 
This research begins by delving into the prevailing security concerns within Nigeria,
analyzing the various forms of criminal activities that plague the nation and by extension the
roles of the Nigeria Police Force plays. Also, it assesses the existing limitations of the
conventional policing system and highlights the imperative for innovative approaches. E-
Policing, as an emerging paradigm, leverages advanced surveillance technologies, data
analytics, and digital communication platforms to empower law enforcement agencies in the
fight against crime. The study meticulously examines the state of surveillance infrastructure in Nigeria, scrutinizing its capabilities, factors hampering its exploration, limitations, and areas requiring improvement. Drawing from international case studies and best practices, this thesis provides a comprehensive framework for implementing E-Policing in Nigeria and evaluating the same framework as a model for further research. It outlines key recommendations for policymakers and law enforcement agencies to harness the potential of surveillance technologies towards the adoption of E-Policing.

This essay critically evaluates the role of police leadership and media strategies in missing persons investigations within the UK, with a focus on communication, risk assessment, and multi-agency collaboration. It explores the complex reasons why individuals go missing, drawing on typologies and push/pull factor frameworks. The analysis highlights the importance of situational leadership, as demonstrated in high-profile cases like April Jones and Nicola Bulley, and the necessity for effective risk assessments and inter-agency cooperation. The essay also assesses how media can both aid and hinder investigations, depending on how it is managed. Failures in communication, such as in the Nicole Smallman and Bibaa Henry case, illustrate the consequences of poor leadership and strategy. In contrast, well-coordinated efforts show that efficient leadership and communication improve investigative outcomes. The essay concludes by recommending improved training, clearer protocols, and refined media strategies to strengthen the effectiveness and public trust in police-led missing persons investigations.

Senators and Representatives are frequently asked to support or sponsor proposals recognizing historic events, and outstanding achievements by individuals or institutions. Among the various forms of recognition that Congress bestows, the Congressional Gold Medal is often considered the most distinguished. Through this venerable tradition, the occasional commissioning of individually struck gold medals in its name, Congress has expressed public gratitude on behalf of the nation for distinguished contributions for more than two centuries. Since 1776, this award, which initially was bestowed on military leaders, has also been given to such diverse individuals as Sir Winston Churchill and Bob Hope, George Washington and Robert Frost, Joe Louis and Mother Teresa of Calcutta. Members of Congress and their staff frequently ask questions concerning the 1 See "Decorations, Medals, and Badges," in the general index of the United States Code: 1994 Edition (Washington: GPO, 1995).

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