Preventive Health

**Abstract**

The *Ayu Emergency Care Project* represents a pioneering effort to address a critical and long-standing gap in the emergency care capabilities of AYUSH practitioners, particularly within the field of Ayurveda. Inspired by the vision of the late Padma Shri Dr. P. R. Krishna Kumar Ji, the project was conceptualized to strengthen the role of Ayurveda in emergency and critical care contexts through skill enhancement, evidence-driven implementation, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

The project aims to equip AYUSH practitioners with essential emergency care competencies, enabling them to respond with greater confidence and clinical preparedness during urgent medical situations. By promoting structured training and practice-oriented learning, it seeks to bridge the gap between traditional medical knowledge and contemporary emergency care needs. A key focus of the initiative is the development and refinement of evidence-informed guidelines, conceptual protocols, case documentation methods, and training curricula that support the safe and effective integration of Ayurveda into emergency care settings.

A major component of the project was the *Ayu Emergency Yatra*, a 21-day multidisciplinary journey covering more than 5,000 kilometres across India. The Yatra enabled direct engagement with medical institutions, research centres, hospitals, and more than 1,000 doctors and practitioners. Through seminars, questionnaires, key informant discussions, and clinical interactions, the initiative gathered valuable insights into the existing practices, challenges, opportunities, and future directions of Ayurveda-based emergency care.

The outcomes of the project include documentation of clinical cases by Pranacharyas, compilation of case series, observational insights into prospective emergency management using Ayurveda independently or in collaboration with biomedicine, development of conceptual protocols for basic emergencies, standardization efforts related to formulations and raw materials, and the creation of an Ayu Emergency Care syllabus for professionals working in cooperative critical care environments. The project also initiated a research network to generate empirical evidence and support exploratory case studies in integrative emergency care.

This book documents the journey, learnings, discussions, and strategic outcomes of the Ayu Emergency Care Project. It highlights the transformative potential of Ayurveda in emergency care while emphasizing the importance of scientific documentation, clinical responsibility, interdisciplinary cooperation, and patient-centred healthcare. The work contributes to a broader vision of building a collaborative healthcare ecosystem where Ayurveda and contemporary medicine can work together for the benefit of patients, society, and global health.

RESUMO: Este estudo analisa as evidências científicas atuais acerca da eficácia das intervenções da fisioterapia neuropediátrica em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral (PC). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, PEDro e LILACS, abrangendo artigos em português e inglês publicados entre 2011 e 2025. Os critérios de inclusão focaram em ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte e revisões sistemáticas sobre condutas motoras na população pediátrica com PC. Os resultados apontam que as abordagens contemporâneas focadas no treino de funções específicas e em atividades ativas orientadas a metas funcionais, como o Treinamento Intensivo Orientado à Tarefa (TOT) e a Terapia de Movimento Induzido por Restrição (CIMT), apresentam elevado nível de recomendação clínica. Essas práticas são fundamentadas nos mecanismos de neuroplasticidade dependente da experiência, demonstrando superioridade em relação aos modelos terapêuticos puramente passivos. Constatou-se também que a incorporação da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) redefiniu os objetivos da reabilitação, deslocando o foco para a atividade e a participação social. Além disso, as abordagens ecológicas centradas no contexto familiar e os cuidados domiciliares mostraram-se indispensáveis para a generalização das habilidades motoras no cotidiano da criança, mitigando barreiras socioeconômicas e assimetrias regionais de acesso à saúde. Conclui-se que a fisioterapia neuropediátrica baseada em evidências, ao associar a estimulação precoce, recursos modernos como a gameterapia e dispositivos ortóticos ao empoderamento familiar, maximiza o potencial neuroplástico e promove ganhos significativos na independência, mobilidade e qualidade de vida dessa população.

Background: Despite the key role of health insurance in healthcare access and utilization, there is limited understanding of its impact
on preventive health engagement and lifestyle behaviors in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to address this gap by examining the
association between insurance coverage, health‑related behaviors, and access to healthcare services. Methodology: A cross‑sectional
study was conducted utilizing a structured questionnaire administered through face‑to‑face interviews. Adults aged ≥18 years
residing in Riyadh were recruited, with data collected on their health insurance status. The questionnaire included sociodemographic
information, prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors, and perceptions regarding the connection between health
insurance and obesity. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 26. Results: Among
participants, 52.2% reported having health insurance. No significant associations were observed between insurance status and
unhealthy behaviors; however, insured individuals were more likely to use nutritional counseling services (P
=
0.025). Additionally,
61.3% of participants believed that insurance coverage positively influences health behaviors. Employment status was significantly
related to insurance coverage: retirees had lower odds of being insured (OR
=
0.352, 95% CI: 0.158–0.784, P
=
0.011), while full‑time
employees were less likely to be uninsured (OR
=
0.484, 95% CI: 0.259–0.903, P
=
0.023). Conclusion: This study found that insurance
improves access to preventive services but does not significantly change behaviors like smoking or exercise. The unemployed and
retirees are less insured, highlighting the need for more inclusive policies and behavioral interventions to reduce NCDs in Saudi Arabia.

Amongst all studies in all settings, the key mechanisms for success included many innovative approaches, which represent a suite of promising strategies. In the body of this report, the studies have been summarised in the findings section and they have also been summarised in a typology for components of contemporary sun safety interventions in the discussion section, including:
• technology-based strategies (e.g. use of UV camera technology)
• policy support strategies (e.g. engaging with school principals and the provision of tailored policy implementation support via coaches)
• strategies which focus on environmental support (e.g. creation of shade)
• innovative educational approaches which move beyond didactic health education to incorporate interactivity and use of technology.
Notably, all promising interventions shared common mechanisms for success: they were theoretically informed and clearly articulated “how” and “why” they intended to achieve outcomes; they recognised the importance of taking an inter-disciplinary approach, so that both education and health perspectives were considered, and they often tailored their interventions to be age appropriate.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease increasingly linked to neuroinflammation, and a heightened response of nociceptive neurons called central sensitisation, leading to persistent pain and functional decline. Neuroinflammation, along with dysfunction in serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways, and chronic activation of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, prolongs the pain sensations. Conventional treatments, including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, primarily offer symptomatic relief but fail to address these central mechanisms while posing risks of adverse effects. Purpose: This narrative review explores alternative approaches, specifically Ayurveda and yoga-based interventions, as potential strategies to mitigate neuroinflammation and pain hypersensitivity in OA. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar from the year 2005 to 2025 using multiple keywords related to OA, central sensitisation, yoga, and Ayurveda. Published studies were reviewed for outcomes related to central sensitisation and OA. Results: Ayurvedic herbs consistently have been shown to have positive results in modulating inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress without adverse effects. Yoga has been shown to regulate the HPA axis, enhance vagal tone, and promote neuroplasticity, all of which contribute to pain modulation. Furthermore, mindfulness and meditation practices stimulate the release of endogenous opioids, thereby reinforcing descending pain inhibitory pathways. Both interventions contribute to OA management by supporting weight control, improving metabolic function, enhancing executive-level modulation of pain perception, and promoting better sleep quality. Their active analgesic effects, combined with a holistic mind-body approach, offer a safe and sustainable strategy for long-term OA management. Conclusion: Yoga and Ayurveda have shown reliable results in providing safe and effective management of chronic OA accompanied by central sensitisation. However, there is a need for large-scale studies to integrate these into the mainstream treatment regimens.

Il senso di ogni vita costituisce il coronamento esistenziale del progetto filosofico illumanista. All’interno del corpus di sei volumi quest’opera assume una funzione distintiva e conclusiva: rappresenta il passaggio dalla metafisica astratta alla filosofia esistenziale concreta, articolando il modo in cui i fondamenti ontologici esposti nei volumi precedenti si traducono in orientamento per la vita vissuta.

Background
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, emphasises the role of individual constitution in health. Modern Ayurgenomics integrates Ayurvedic principles with genomic analysis, aiming to personalize Yogic interventions for cancer patients.
Objective
The current study aims to explore the intersection of Ayurgenomics, deha prakriti, and Yoga Therapy in the context of medical oncology.
Method
The study included 60 chemotherapy patients, with their deha prakriti assessed using AyuSoft. Patients' symptoms were diagnosed with the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL). The data was analyzed to observe any correlation between Prakriti type and chemotherapy response.
Results
Vatapradhan types show high physical impairment (38.96) but retain functionality (13.83). Pittapradhan types have minimal physical burden (24.05) but high psychological strain (13.00) with a positive life outlook. Kapha-dominant types experience moderate physical (27.78–34.61) and psychological burdens (9.69–12.12) and slower disease progression. Major findings revealed that vata-dominant patients required more immediate intervention due to rapid tumor growth, while pitta-dominant patients were more susceptible to chemotherapy side effects. Patients with kapha prakriti showed slower tumor growth. Appropriate Yogic interventions and dietary adjustments may help manage the loss of vitality during chemotherapy.
Conclusion
The study highlights the growing relevance of integrating traditional Eastern wisdom, such as Ayurveda, with Western scientific approaches to personalize cancer care. Integrating Prakriti-based Yogic interventions may alleviate the physical and psychological impact of cancer and its treatments, enhancing the overall quality of life for patients.

Background : Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, accounting for an estimated 17.9 million deaths annually, with a disproportionately rising burden in low-and middle-income countries. Despite advances in conventional cardiology, challenges such as residual risk, treatment limitations, and adverse effects necessitate exploration of complementary therapeutic approaches. Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine, offers a holistic and multitargeted framework for cardiovascular care.

The paper also discusses contemporary concerns surrounding adulterated herbal products, misleading online marketing, exaggerated therapeutic claims, and unsupervised self-prescribing practices, highlighted by recent controversies involving herbal wellness products in Singapore. In response, a structured supportive framework is proposed for naturopaths and health coaches that integrates responsible herbal use, lifestyle-based interventions, consumer education, monitoring, and inter-professional collaboration.

Rather than advocating traditional medicine as a replacement for evidence-based medical treatment, this paper argues for a cautious, culturally informed, and integrative approach that aligns community beliefs with broader national health objectives. The discussion is intended primarily as a conceptual and supportive healthcare framework from the perspective of a practising naturopath in Singapore, rather than as a technical clinical manual on herbal therapeutics.

This paper is intended as a conceptual and educational discussion paper and does not constitute clinical treatment guidelines or medical advice.

Obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing global public health challenges, driven by complex interactions among genetic, behavioural, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Conventional approaches to obesity risk assessment and nutritional intervention often rely on population-based models that fail to account for individual variability. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have transformed obesity research by enabling accurate prediction of obesity risk and facilitating the development of personalized, preventive nutrition therapies. This review explores the role of AI in obesity prediction, including the use of machine learning algorithms, deep learning models, and big data analytics to integrate anthropometric, dietary, lifestyle, genetic, and metabolic data. Furthermore, it highlights AI-driven approaches for designing personalized nutrition interventions, behaviour modification strategies, and digital health tools for obesity prevention. Ethical challenges, data limitations, and future research directions are also discussed. The review underscores the potential of AI-based systems to revolutionize preventive nutrition and support precision public health strategies for obesity management.

The creation of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Medicine: Revolutionizing Patient-Centered Healthcare has been a collective endeavour, made possible by the unwavering support, expertise, and encouragement of numerous individuals and institutions. We, the authors-Jyoti Rupa Mochahari, Replantful Chiangkata, Rajkumar Choudhury, Bhargab Thakuria and Dipankar Ghosh-extend our heartfelt gratitude to all who have contributed to this journey. First and foremost, we are deeply thankful to our families and loved ones for their patience, understanding, and inspiration during the countless hours devoted to research, writing, and revision. Your belief in our vision sustained us through challenging moments and fuelled our passion for advancing patient-centered innovation. We owe an immense debt of gratitude to our academic mentors, colleagues, and peers in the fields of artificial intelligence, biomedical sciences, and clinical healthcare. Special thanks go to the faculty and researchers at our respective institutions for providing invaluable feedback, access to cutting-edge resources, and opportunities for collaborative discourse that enriched every chapter. We are particularly indebted to the anonymous peer reviewers whose rigorous critiques sharpened our arguments and ensured scientific integrity. Our appreciation extends to the funding agencies, grant providers, and organizations that supported the underlying research projects informing this book. Without your generous backing, the real-world case studies and data-driven insights presented herein would not have been possible. We are grateful to the publishing team for their professionalism, guidance, and dedication in bringing this work to fruition. From editorial assistance to design and production, your expertise has transformed our manuscript into a polished volume ready to impact readers worldwide. To the patients, healthcare professionals, and innovators whose stories and experiences are woven throughout these pages: thank you for trusting us with your narratives and allowing us to highlight the human impact of AI in personalized medicine. Finally, we acknowledge the pioneering spirits in AI and medicine who came before us-their groundbreaking work laid the foundation upon which we build. It is our sincere hope that this book honors their legacy while charting a path forward for future generations.

Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (TCIM) is becoming a vital component of health systems in the global health discourse. Chronic lifestyle disorders, aging populations with increasing disease burden, persisting and emerging infectious diseases and sequelae are overwhelming primary health care systems globally (1). With its pluralistic outlook and person-centered approach, TCIM offers concepts embedded in various cultures that can complement biomedical care. While already in use by a significant number of stakeholders worldwide, traditional medicine is now garnering the attention of policy makers, regulators, clinicians and researchers for health promotion, prevention, chronic care and rehabilitation (2).

The recent Second Global Summit on Traditional Medicine of the World Health Organization that was conducted in New Delhi in December 2025 (3) highlights the importance of this topic. The Delhi Declaration (4) that marked the culmination of this event reiterated global commitments to integration of traditional medicine into health care systems on the foundations of evidence-informed, safe and effective approaches. It accentuated the importance of research capacity building, alignment of regulatory policies with epistemologies of traditional medicine, highlighting the scope of traditional medicine to contribute to universal health coverage and sustainable development goals. The Delhi Declaration carries forward the momentum of the earlier 2023 Gujarat Declaration and this policy landscape provides a perfect backdrop for the present Research Topic of articles on traditional medicine.

The current volume brings together 33 peer reviewed articles that cover Ayurvedic Medicine, Chinese Medicine, Korean Medicine, Kampo Medicine, Acupuncture, European TCIM, and Mind-Body practices especially emphasizing public health oriented and integrative lifestyle interventions. Striking is the methodological diversity including clinical trials, real world and registry data, study protocols, bibliometric analyses, and systematic reviews. Notable is the attempt to adhere to the epistemological foundations of traditional medicine while engaging with and in the framework of contemporary evidence-based approaches in health care and beyond. The Research Topic underpins the wide scope of TCIM and its emerging role especially in primary health care and patient-centered models across disparate socio-cultural settings. Below is a summary of the papers included in this volume.

Musculoskeletal disorders and work-related pain are highly prevalent in veterinary professionals and represent a persistent occupational-health problem across clinical settings (Darragh et al., 2024; Firth et al., 2016; van der Beek et al., 2024). Reported prevalence estimates in the veterinary literature are consistently high, with reviews and surveys documenting substantial symptom burden in the neck, low back, shoulders, and lower extremities (Firth et al., 2016; Darragh et al., 2024). Existing responses in veterinary contexts emphasize ergonomics, rehabilitation, and post-injury management, but comparatively less attention has been given to habit-based preventive approaches that address how practitioners use their bodies while working (van der Beek et al., 2024; Darragh et al., 2024). This perspective paper proposes VetAlexander, a conceptual framework for integrating Alexander Technique principles into veterinary education and continuing professional development. The Alexander Technique has evidence for reducing pain and disability in chronic and recurrent back pain, with additional supportive findings in chronic neck pain and movement coordination (Little et al., 2008; MacPherson et al., 2015; Little et al., 2012). To the best of the present literature review, no veterinary-specific published framework was identified that systematically links Alexander Technique principles with veterinary curriculum design, continuing professional development, and a professionspecific occupational-health research agenda. VetAlexander is therefore presented not as a validated intervention, but as a novel and testable proposal for implementation and study.

Maisons-Alfort, le 11 avril 2013 AVIS de l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail relatif aux «Méthodes alternatives au traitement chimique des processionnaires du pin et du chêne en conditions urbaines» L'Anses met en oeuvre une expertise scientifique indépendante et pluraliste. L'Anses contribue principalement à assurer la sécurité sanitaire dans les domaines de l'environnement, du travail et de l'alimentation et à évaluer les risques sanitaires qu'ils peuvent comporter. Elle contribue également à assurer d'une part la protection de la santé et du bien-être des animaux et de la santé des végétaux et d'autre part l'évaluation des propriétés nutritionnelles des aliments. Ses avis sont rendus publics. L'Anses a été saisie le 11 juin 2012 par la direction générale de la santé, la direction générale du travail et la direction générale de la prévention des risques pour la réalisation de l'expertise suivante : Méthodes alternatives au traitement chimique des processionnaires du pin et du chêne en conditions urbaines.

Background: Sarcopenia and frailty are prevalent geriatric syndromes that significantly compromise functional independence and health outcomes in older adults. The SARC-F questionnaire and the FRAIL Scale are widely adopted, brief screening instruments for sarcopenia and frailty, respectively. While both instruments share functional domains, the degree of their correlation in community-dwelling Indian older adults remains insufficiently characterized. Hence, objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the SARC-F questionnaire and the FRAIL Scale among community-dwelling older adults; to evaluate the diagnostic concordance between the tools; and to examine score distributions across age and gender subgroups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥60 years) in Maharashtra, India. All participants completed both the SARC-F questionnaire (scored 0-10; positive threshold ≥4) and the FRAIL Scale (scored 0-5; frailty threshold ≥3). Statistical analyses included Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, sensitivity-specificity analysis, and Cohen's kappa coefficient.

Background: Sarcopenia and frailty are prevalent geriatric syndromes that significantly compromise functional independence and health outcomes in older adults. The SARC-F questionnaire and the FRAIL Scale are widely adopted, brief screening instruments for sarcopenia and frailty, respectively. While both instruments share functional domains, the degree of their correlation in community-dwelling Indian older adults remains insufficiently characterized. Hence, objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the SARC-F questionnaire and the FRAIL Scale among community-dwelling older adults; to evaluate the diagnostic concordance between the tools; and to examine score distributions across age and gender subgroups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥60 years) in Maharashtra, India. All participants completed both the SARC-F questionnaire (scored 0-10; positive threshold ≥4) and the FRAIL Scale (scored 0-5; frailty threshold ≥3). Statistical analyses included Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, sensitivity-specificity analysis, and Cohen's kappa coefficient.

About 23% of US adults live with a mental illness. Young adults (36.2%) and women (26.4%) report the highest rates of mental health disorders. The typical brain/cognitive-oriented first-line treatments of anxiety disorders are pharmacotherapy, psychological interventions, and transcranial stimulation. Such approaches have several limitations, including medical costs, adverse effects, treatment resistance, limited evidence of long-term effects, and high relapse rates. Instead of relying solely on ultra-cognitive therapies, it is worth examining the embodied nature of stress reduction (body–mind unison). Therefore, the purpose of this conceptual mini review was to analyze how exercise programs, such as endurance training and holistic body–mind movement, modulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Grounded in Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical underpinnings of embodiment, it was hypothesized that a shapely body schema (habitual body) via exercise can facilitate the strengthening of the HPA axis. A critical narrative review of healthy adults was conducted to test and support this hypothesis. Merleau-Ponty challenged Cartesian mind–body dualism and showcased how consciousness is embodied: it derives from the union of body and mind. Exercise facilitates this union by leading to a balanced body schema formed as a Gestalt. Mental health is not the outcome of a unidirectional stimulus-response model from the brain to the body, but holistic and embodied via a strong body schema. Regular and appropriate exercise training can strengthen the body schema and thus the function of the HPA axis by connecting its in-itself elements (e.g., cortisol secretion) and for-itself essence (e.g., perceptions, emotions, and breathing regulation) for health and well-being.

Avis de l'Anses Saisine n° « 2017-SA-0259 » Le directeur général Maisons-Alfort, le 20 décembre 2018 AVIS de l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail relatif à « aux espèces hôtes dans le cadre de la lutte contre Phytophthora ramorum » L'Anses met en oeuvre une expertise scientifique indépendante et pluraliste. L'Anses contribue principalement à assurer la sécurité sanitaire dans les domaines de l'environnement, du travail et de l'alimentation et à évaluer les risques sanitaires qu'ils peuvent comporter. Elle contribue également à assurer d'une part la protection de la santé et du bien-être des animaux et de la santé des végétaux et d'autre part à l'évaluation des propriétés nutritionnelles des aliments. Elle fournit aux autorités compétentes toutes les informations sur ces risques ainsi que l'expertise et l'appui scientifique technique nécessaires à l'élaboration des dispositions législatives et réglementaires et à la mise en oeuvre des mesures de gestion du risque (article L.1313-1 du code de la santé publique). Ses avis sont publiés sur son site internet. L'Anses a été saisie le 26 décembre 2017 par la Direction générale de l'alimentation pour la réalisation de l'expertise suivante : saisine relative aux espèces hôtes dans le cadre de la lutte contre Phytophthora ramorum. Avis de l'Anses Saisine n° « 2017-SA-0259 » composantes sont indéterminées ne sont pas incluses. Beaucoup d'incertitudes sont modérées ou fortes, lire le texte pour plus de détails. Cartographie du risque Le modèle de cartographie du risque de Meentemeyer et al. (2004) déjà utilisé dans Sansford et al. (2009) a été choisi compte-tenu du fait qu'il permet d'intégrer à la fois l'effet du climat et de la compétence de la végétation. Plusieurs améliorations ont été apportées par rapport aux travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet européen RAPRA (Sansford et al., 2009) pour l'adaptation de ce modèle à la France, concernant: i) le niveau de résolution spatiale des données météorologiques utilisées, ii) l'extension de la période de calcul du score sur toute l'année pour tenir compte de la période de sporulation (différente en Europe et États-Unis), iii) la prise en compte de l'humidité relative et iv) de la compétence des communautés végétales en forêt (non prises en compte dans RAPRA par manque de données à l'échelle de l'Europe). Il faut rappeler que de grandes sources d'incertitudes demeurent sur les déterminants du risque que représente P. ramorum, qu'il s'agisse de la capacité de la végétation ligneuse à multiplier l'inoculum et permettre la persistance de l'oomycète (compétence) ou bien de certaines composantes du climat (impact des hivers rigoureux sur la survie hivernale et sur le niveau d'inoculum primaire en début de saison). On peut aussi ajouter qu'il existe de la diversité génétique et phénotypique chez P. ramorum (Dodd et al., 2015) et de la variabilité de la sensibilité chez les espèces-hôtes (Hayden et al., 2011 ;, ce qui va inévitablement accroitre l'incertitude dans les prédictions des modèles. Malgré cela, des conclusions assez claires se dégagent de cette étude. Nous n'avons pas identifié de ligneux du sous-étage ayant à la fois une compétence et une fréquence régionale fortes et qui pourraient avoir le rôle épidémique que joue le laurier de Californie dans l'ouest des États-Unis ou le rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) en Grande-Bretagne (Purse et al., 2013). La présence du rhododendron en forêt française est globalement très faible. Il existe dans l'est du Languedoc (Gard) et en Corse des zones où la fréquence de chênes verts, châtaigniers, arbousiers, Viburnum tinus et Rhamnus alatermus donne à la végétation une compétence importante, mais ces zones ne possèdent pas un climat propice à P. ramorum. Le mélézin alpin est une autre zone à forte compétence de la végétation. Cette étude confirme les conclusions de RAPRA sur ce point : le climat de cette zone est peu propice à P. ramorum. Pour le reste de la France la compétence moyenne de la végétation est modérée. Il faut toutefois relativiser ce résultat:

This article is generally related with the concept of health in ancient indian medical system ayurveda in totality. In modern time WHO define health in a broader perspective which is defined in ancient indian ayurvedic texts in very early times in ancient india. Ayurveda take health not as only physical but also mental and spritiual sense. Also it does not talk about only disease and treatment, it said health is more than treatment eg. conservation and development of healt

Background: Frailty, a multidimensional geriatric syndrome, is associated with functional decline, hospitalization, and mortality. Evidence from India is limited, particularly in smaller urban settings where demographic and lifestyle transitions may influence frailty risk. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and identify its determinants among elderly individuals residing in urban Faridkot, Punjab. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 184 elderly participants (≥60 years) selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire and frailty was assessed using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression; a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 38.6%. Multivariable analysis revealed that higher age, lower socioeconomic status, and polypharmacy were independently associated with frailty. Conclusion: Frailty prevalence in urban Faridkot was substantial, underscoring its importance as a public health concern. Advancing age, socioeconomic disadvantage and polypharmacy emerged as key determinants. Integrating frailty screening into primary care and implementing interventions addressing medication burden, functional decline, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities are essential to promote healthy aging in smaller urban settings of India.

BACKGROUND Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) occurs to a greater extent in developed than developing countries like Pakistan. Our understanding of risk factors leading to this disease in women, are largely derived from studies carried out on samples obtained from developed countries. Since prevalence of CHD in Pakistan is growing, it seems pertinent to infer risk and protective factors prevalent within the Pakistani women. This case control study investigated the role of psychological, traditional and gender specific risk and protective factors for Angina in a sample of Pakistani women aged between 35-65 years. METHODS Female patients admitted with first episode of Angina fulfilling the study inclusion/exclusion criteria were recruited within the first three days of stay in the hospital. One control per case matched on age was recruited. Translated versions of standardized tools: Life Orientation Test (LOT), The Hope Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Sc...

Most adults under the age of 60 in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia is suffering from cardiovascular diseases, which is very concerning. This might largely be contributed by lifestyle changes, unhealthy eating habits, and growing social and environmental pressures that are unavoidable due to rapid urbanization. Nonetheless, many people are still unaware of the cardiovascular risk factors, which lead to delay in diagnosis and missed opportunities for early prevention. Hence, understanding the interplay between behavioral, metabolic, and social factors is significant to prevent heart disease among youngsters. To examine the risk factors and preventive steps holistically, this review particularly integrates evidence from population surveys, national registries, and prospective research to examine the causes of cardiovascular diseases, heart risk factors, and prevention strategies for early-onset heart disease among individuals aged 60 and below. As a result, the evidence consistently shows that high blood pressure, diabetes, abnormal cholesterol levels, smoking, lack of exercise, and stimulant consumption are the main factors that cause heart disease within the targeted community. Nonetheless, cardiovascular risk levels can vary depending on region and ethical practices, reflecting differences in genetics, culture, and socioeconomic conditions may lead to different results. These variations highlight the need for targeted and culturally appropriate prevention strategies. As an illustration, targeted community health screenings, customized public education programs, and personalized risk prediction models can support early detection of cardiovascular symptoms and reduce heart risks factors, which can reduce the emerging number of youngsters having cardiovascular diseases. This review is particularly useful in guiding policymakers, healthcare providers, and educators who want to design prevention strategies that fit into Malaysian or Southeast Asia contexts. However, several research gaps like differences in study populations and reliance on self-reported data should be addressed. Therefore, future research should focus on longitudinal studies to keep track on how effective different interventions with different targeted populations are over time and explore the use of AI-based prediction tools through structured and reliable experiments to strengthen public health and healthcare systems in Malaysia and the wider Southeast Asian region.

A study to evaluate the influence of body mass index, life styles and dietary habits on blood pressure among the nursing students at selected nursing college of Vijayapur. The objective of the study is to assess relationship of life style factors, body mass index and dietary habits with blood pressure. A sample of 500 nursing students was included in the study. The study result showed there is significant association between body mass index, life style dietary habits and blood pressure

This chapter addresses the rock art in the Lagoa Santa region. First, it provides an outline of the history of research and the methodologies employed. There is a presentation of general patterns and aspects of the graphisms related to the insertion of rupestrian sites in the karst landscape and of the surfaces selected inside the rockshelters. The chapter also addresses the documentation and diffusion of information concerning rupestrian record in addition to an analysis of the most common and less common stylistic traditions and reflections on the need to conserve and value more highly this kind of archeological heritage. A. Baeta (*) • A. Prous Archeology Sector of the Museum of Natural History and Botanical Gardens of the Federal

Industrial medicine emerged not because traditional healing systems failed, but because industrial society created a new disease ecology that no pre-industrial medical tradition-naturopathic, herbal, midwifery, Indigenous, or eclectic-was designed to manage. Enclosure and early industrialization forced populations into dense, polluted, enclosed environments where water, air, and sanitation collapsed simultaneously. These conditions produced epidemics that were mechanical outputs of industrial density, not therapeutic inadequacy (Szreter, 1997). As disease destabilized labour supply and urban order, states constructed public health systems, sanitation infrastructure, hospitals, licensing regimes, and eventually pharmaceutical regulation as retroactive stabilizers (Hamlin, 1998). The Flexner Report (1910) consolidated biomedical authority by defunding and closing naturopathic and eclectic schools, not because they were ineffective, but because industrial medicine required centralized, laboratory-based, capital-intensive infrastructure (Porter, 1997). By the mid-20th century, antibiotics, vaccines, and pharmaceutical manufacturing completed the biomedical monopoly. Modern chronic disease is the contemporary expression of this architecture: industrial systems generate illness, and pharmaceutical institutions manage the consequences.

Zika virus is considered an emerging infectious disease with the potential to spread to new areas where the Aedes mosquito vector is present. Since the start of Zika epidemic this year, till date there are more than 44 countries with active Zika virus transmission. The virus can also be transmitted by substances of human origin from donors after clinical recovery from Zika virus disease due to possible prolonged viraemia or a persistence of the virus in semen after viraemia has cleared. Zika virus infection has been associated with neurological anomalies especially Guillain- Barre syndrome which has symptoms like weakness of the arms and legs that is usually the same on both sides of the body. Recently after careful review of the existing evidence the scientists at CDC concluded that Zika virus causes Microcephaly a condition in which the size of baby’s brain and head is smaller than the normally expected. Apart from that there may be other severe brain defects in the new born baby....

Mental health disorders constitute a growing global public health challenge, prompting increasing interest in holistic and integrative care models. Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine of India, offers a comprehensive framework for understanding psychological well-being through the concepts of Manas (mind), triguṇa (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas), and their interaction with somatic Doṣas. This narrative review synthesizes classical Ayurvedic concepts of mental wellness, psychiatric taxonomy, and therapeutic modalities, and examines their relevance within contemporary integrative psychiatry. Classical treatises including Charaka Saṃhitā, Suśruta Saṃhitā, and Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya were reviewed alongside peer-reviewed literature identified through structured searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal, and DHARA (2020-2025). Ayurveda conceptualizes mental health as a dynamic equilibrium characterized by predominance of Sattva and regulation of Rajas and Tamas. Detailed descriptions of psychiatric entities such as Unmāda, Apasmāra, Chittodvega, and Atattvābhiniveśa reflect sophisticated nosological insight. Therapeutic approaches-including Sattvavajaya Cikitsā, Medhya Rasāyana, Pañcakarma, Yoga, and structured lifestyle disciplines-demonstrate a biopsychosocial and preventive orientation. Emerging evidence suggests that selected Ayurvedic botanicals (e.g., Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera), Yoga-based practices, and integrative therapeutic modalities exhibit neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects; however, rigorous interdisciplinary research is required to support evidence-informed integration into global mental healthcare.

Esta investigación aborda la dependencia de bebidas energizantes en estudiantes universitarios, destacando sus implicaciones en el bienestar neuropsicológico y físico. El propósito fue diseñar un programa de intervención psicológica basado en Terapia Cognitivo – Conductual, Psicología del Tiempo y Autorregulación emocional, orientado a reducir dependencia y promover hábitos saludables. Se empleó un enfoque mixto, con fase diagnóstica que incluyó el diseño de la Escala de Dependencia de Bebidas Energizantes para Estudiantes Universitarios, además de revisión documental. Los hallazgos reflejan una situación dicotómica, donde la mayoría no consume o lo hace esporádicamente y la minoría evidencia consumo elevado y desarrollo de tolerancia, asociado su uso a exigencias académicas y una deficiente gestión. Las conclusiones destacan la viabilidad del programa de 10 sesiones (2 meses y medio), demostrando eficacia al concienciar acerca de los riesgos de su uso excesivo y fomentar hábitos saludables, ofreciendo una solución efectiva y adaptable a la población universitaria.

La investigación fue realizada en la Col. Amalia G. de Castillo Ledón, de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, durante el desarrollo de una práctica de intervención comunitaria enfocada a la prevención de adicciones, con el objetivo de concientizar a los grupos de la comunidad sobre los riesgos y consecuencias del consumo de sustancias nocivas para la salud en todos los individuos.
Se trabajó a través de un enfoque mixto de investigación, mediante el empleo de técnicas como la observación y la entrevista semi-estructurada; así como de instrumentos como el cuestionario, el diario de campo y planos de la comunidad. Gracias a los cuales se pudo obtener la información necesaria para realizar un diagnóstico social de la comunidad, que sirvió de directriz para determinar estrategias y líneas de acción en el marco de un plan de intervención, el cual se encontraba orientado a la atención de personas que consumen sustancias nocivas y a la prevención de adicciones en los habitantes de dicha localidad; para llevar a cabo la intervención se utilizaron los modelos de “Animación Sociocultural” propuesto por Ander-Egg (2008) y “Promoción Social” de Galeana (2006).

Stress coping is a critical aspect of mental well-being, particularly for college-going women who often face academic, social, and environmental pressures. This study aimed to assess stress coping strategies among female students in Kashmir using a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. A total of 517 participants completed a six-item questionnaire assessing their stress coping behaviors. The results indicated that 52.0% of participants demonstrated moderate coping abilities, while 25.9% exhibited high coping, and 22.1% had low coping abilities, with a mean stress management score of 3.54 (SD = 1.33). Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that seeking professional help (ρ = .573, p < .01) and using stress-relief techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, or mindfulness (ρ = .549, p < .01) were the strongest correlates of effective stress coping. Lifestyle adjustments and self-regulation strategies, such as writing or deep breathing, also showed moderate associations with overall coping abilities. These findings suggest that a multifaceted approach incorporating professional support and self-regulation techniques can enhance stress coping among college-going women. Institutions should implement structured programs to promote stress-relief practices and provide accessible support services.

ha r una constante preocupación para la comunidad universitaria. El presente estudio aborda esta problemá perspectiva de las actitudes, construyendo un instrumento evaluador de la actitud frente a la venta y cons entre los estudiantes con una escala tipo Likert de 21 items. El instrumento se aplicó a una muestra de 1321 pertenecientes a 11 facultades de la Universidad. Los resultados indicaron una actitud en general negat consumo y venta de SPA, siendo las facultades de Medicina, Enfermería y Odontología las que obtuvieron la negativa en la prueba; mientras que las facultades de Artes y Ciencias Humanas, fueron las que puntuar indicando una actitud más favorable. Adicionalmente, no existieron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, edad como el semestre indicaron relaciones inversas, donde la actitud era más negativa entre los rangos s edad y semestre, que entre los inferiores. Finalmente, se discuten las relaciones entre el grupo de refer estudiantes, tipo de entrenamiento, diseño ambiental de la universidad y la actitud de los estudiantes frente consumo de SPA.

Objetivo. Determinar en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios, los factores relacionados con su nivel de riesgo de consumo de alcohol. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal para determinar los factores que influyen en el nivel de riesgo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada (AUDIT) a 221 estudiantes elegidos a conveniencia. Se realizó una regresión logística para establecer los factores relacionados con riesgo de consumo de alcohol, se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Resultados. En general, los estudiantes presentaron un bajo riesgo de consumo o de abstinencia y manifestaron principalmente consumirlo para combatir el ocio; el 65,5% de los estudiantes encuestados presentó nivel de riesgo de consumo de alcohol en la zona I, es decir, consumo de bajo riesgo o abstinencia y solo es necesario realizar una intervención de educación. El ser hombre, la alta frecuencia de consumo de cigarrillo, el número de personas que viven en el hogar que consumen alcohol y el promedio académico, logran explicar el 39,4% de la variabilidad de la probabilidad de tener alto riesgo de consumo de alcohol, el 60,6% restante es explicado por variables no incluidas en el modelo o por el azar. Conclusiones. Ser hombre, la frecuencia diaria de consumo de cigarrillo y convivir con personas que consuman alcohol, aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar un nivel alto de consumo de alcohol, mientras que tener un promedio académico alto disminuye el riesgo.

To analyze and characterize tonal auditory thresholds between 500 Hz and 16,000 Hz of professional musicians, specifically members of a military band. A historic cohort study was carried out comparing one group of 50 professional musicians (military band) with another group (44 subjects) without history of professional exposure to intense sound; the groups were homogenous (p&lt;0.05%) in relation to gender (male) and age (about 35 years old). Tone threshold audiometry for conventional (from 500 to 8,000 Hz) and high frequencies was applied (from 9,000 to 16,000 Hz). Exposure to music triggered permanent hearing impairment. As to conventional auditory thresholds, the exposed and non-exposed groups presented sensorineural hearing loss of 32 and 2.27%, respectively. The subjects exposed to music had 14.54 times more risks of acquiring sensorineural hearing loss than the non-exposed group. After 20 years of exposure to music, significant worsening was observed in auditory thresholds, es...

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized neuroscience by enhancing the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders. Through advanced algorithms in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), AI enables the interpretation of vast and complex neurological datasets derived from neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and genomics. In basic neuroscience, AI models facilitate the mapping of neural circuits, simulation of brain connectivity, and identification of molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinically, AI applications in neuroimaging-such as automated lesion detection, tumor segmentation, and functional connectivity analysis-are improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing human error. Moreover, in psychiatry and cognitive neuroscience, AI tools are increasingly employed to analyze behavioral data, predict disease progression, and personalize therapeutic interventions. AI-driven drug discovery and neuropharmacological modeling further accelerate the development of targeted treatments for complex brain disorders. Despite its immense promise, challenges related to data standardization, algorithm transparency, and ethical use remain critical for safe and effective clinical translation. Overall, AI represents a paradigm shift in neuroscience, integrating computational intelligence with biological insights to advance precision medicine and patient care in neurological sciences.

Adolescence, defined as the age period between 10 and 19 years, represents a critical phase of growth marked by rapid physical, psychological, and behavioral changes. Nutritional problems occurring during this stage can have long-term consequences on health and development. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between the prevalence of anemia and body mass index among adolescent girls. A correlational research design was adopted. The sample consisted of 160 school-going adolescent girls aged 10-16 years studying in classes V to XI, selected through a convenient sampling technique. Body mass index was calculated using standardized measurements of height and weight and interpreted according to World Health Organization growth reference standards using Z-score tables. Hemoglobin levels were estimated by the cyan-hemoglobin method, and anemia status was identified through general blood picture examination. The findings showed that the mean body mass index of the participants was 19.15 with a standard deviation of 2.6. The mean hemoglobin level was 11.8 g/dl with a standard deviation of 1.3. Statistical analysis revealed a mild positive correlation between anemia and body mass index (r = 0.127), indicating a weak association between nutritional status and hemoglobin concentration among the adolescent girls. IndexTerms-correlation, body mass index, anemia, adolescent girls, hemoglobin 1.

Environmental specimen banks are an essential part of the infrastructure of environmental sciences. They have various functions: (1) evaluation of governmental environmental policy-making and regulations; (2) a resource for animal health evaluation; (3) research tools to investigate time trends in ecosystems; (4) detection of newly emerging chemicals in the time trends; (5) validations of computer models for environmental phenomena; (6) source identification of contaminants; (7) a tool for food safety; (8) evaluation of genetic selection pressure due to environmental changes. In this review paper, we present a detailed description of the Kyoto University Human Specimen Bank (history, protocol and questionnaires) and provide brief outlines of other representative environmental specimen banks. We then review two illustrative cases in which environmental specimen banks have unveiled insidious contaminations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and perfluorooctanoic acids. Finally, we give a perspective of new functions for environmental specimen banks in the next 20 years.

ObjectiveThe world continues to face the COVID-19 crisis, and efforts are underway to integrate traditional medicine interventions for its effective management. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of the “AYURAKSHA” kit in terms of post-interventional percentage of COVID-19 IgG positivity, immunity levels, and quality of life (QoL) against COVID-19.MethodThis was a non-randomized controlled, prospective intervention trial, done after the distribution of 80,000 AYURAKSHA kits (constituent of Sanshamani Vati, AYUSH Kadha, and Anu Taila) among Delhi police participants in India. Among 47,827 participants, the trial group (n = 101) was evaluated with the positivity percentage of IgG COVID-19 and Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ) scores as a primary outcome and the WHO Quality of Life Brief Version (QOL BREF) scores along with hematological parameters as a secondary outcome in comparison to the control group (n = 71).ResultsThe data showed that the percentage of COVID-19 IgG positi...

La investigacion que se presenta constituye el primer estudio de monitoreo de urgencias por abuso de alcohol y drogas en la consultas de 10 a 14 anos y de 15 a 19 anos de edad, de la ciudad de Cordoba. Se indago en instituciones referentes en la emergencia del ambito publico. La encuesta dirigida a los medicos tratantes fue elaborada para investigaciones realizadas por el Programa de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica del Consejo de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina. Previo a la implementacion de dicha encuesta se adapto la misma para esta investigacion, en coordinacion con los profesionales responsables de cada hospital. El tiempo de implementacion de la encuesta fue de nueve dias lo cual incluyo dos fines de semana del mes de junio, y fue realizada en forma simultanea para ambos grupos etarios (n=281). Conclusiones: en la poblacion diana de interes de este estudio, “adolescentes entre 10 a 19 anos”, los motivos mas claros de ingreso a la emergencia asociados al consumo de ...

Pelvic floor health plays a vital role in core stability, bladder and bowel control, posture, and overall quality of life. Many individuals in Edmonton experience pelvic floor dysfunction due to pregnancy, childbirth, surgery, injury, or aging-but often delay treatment due to lack of awareness or discomfort discussing symptoms. Practicing proper self-care alongside pelvic floor physiotherapy Edmonton can significantly improve recovery outcomes and long-term pelvic health. Below are essential self-care tips to support healing and enhance the results of professional pelvic floor physiotherapy.

This letter to the editor provides a short review on the number of different disease states that have been linked with at least a factorial relation with deficiency in vitamin D (defined at less than 50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL serum levels) and tries to raise some question in regards to the recent publication within the journal. This letter also highlights some of the recent work within the neurology literature which demonstrates that supratherapeutic levels of vitamin D might provide benefit for patients suffering with different disease states, with the D-Lay MS randomized clinical trial utilizing 100000 international units every 2 weeks and some of the migraine literature supporting a higher target between 50 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL which might provide benefit for patients suffering from migraines. The letter concludes with a key question for further research asking about whether in gastrointestinal surgery should a normal vitamin D level, defined as 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) or greater, be targeted or if there might be a role for supratherapeutic dosing within gastrointestinal surgery.

Distal humeral fractures that occur immediately above the elbow joint are known as supracondylar fractures. They are more prevalent in children than in adults, constituting 18% of fractures in the pediatric population and 60% of fractures involving the elbow(1). Diagnosis is typically established through imaging, particularly Xrays. Patients often experience pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and challenges in performing daily activities(2). This review highlights the structured physiotherapy program implemented post-surgery and underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, specifically the significant role of targeted physiotherapy in aiding recovery and minimising the risk of long-term disability.

Background: Burnout is an occupational phenomenon characterized by physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion due to prolonged work-related stress. School teachers are particularly vulnerable because of high workload, prolonged working hours, multitasking demands, and inadequate recovery time. Along with psychological stress, teachers are prone to work-related musculoskeletal pain caused by prolonged standing, repetitive movements, and suboptimal workplace ergonomics. These physical symptoms may contribute to burnout a nd adversely affect quality of life and work efficiency.

Majoone Falasfa is one of the most reputed polypharmaceutical preparations of Unani System of Medicine. It was originally called Madaat-ul-Hayaat i.e. Elixir of life. It is attributed to Indrumakhas of Greece (Andromachos, the elder, court physician to King Nero) who formulated it in consultation with several other philosophers of his time. It is an electuary which is prepared especially for the people engaged in mental work and that too processed in a semisolid form hence, renamed as Majoone Falasfa. This Unani compound formulation contains thirteen ingredients, which is used as liver tonic, antidiuretic, aphrodisiac, appetizer, digestive, semenagogue, carminative, stomachic, lithotriptic, deobstruent, antiarthritis, cardiac tonic, nervine tonic as well as tonic for gall bladder and kidneys. It is also indicated for use in phlegmatic diseases. It is being particularly used in age related dementia as well as to counter the effects of ageing in Unani system of Medicine.