Research Proposal Development

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, tangibility, growth opportunity, nondebt taxshield (NDTS), uniqueness terhadap struktur modal perusahaan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan data panel yang diambil dari laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur sektor aneka industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dari periode 2016-2022. Dengan menggunakan metode non probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling diperoleh sampel sebanyak 20 perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi data panel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian dan pemilihan model terbaik dengan menggunakan uji chow dan uji hausman, dan hasilnya adalah fixed effect model merupakan model terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas, non-debt taxshield (NDTS) dan uniqueness berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap struktur modal, dengan masing-masing nilai koefisien profitabilitas, non-debt taxshield (NDTS) dan uniqueness, tangibility berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sedangkan growth opportunity berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan dengan masing-masing nilai koefisien tangibility growth opportunity dengan pengujian menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5%. Secara simultan, profitabilitas, tangibility, growth opportunity, non-debt taxshield (NDTS), uniqueness berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap struktur modal dengan nilai koefisien determinasi 82,7746%.

This book chapter from the Book Research Methods in Education helps postgraduate students in writing a Research project effectively. A written format of a research work is known as thesis or research report. All such works may differ considerably in scope of treatment and details of presentation. Even then all types of research reports are expected to follow a general uniform, common pattern of format, style and structure. The general format of research report has evolved and become a tradition in academic area.
A research report or thesis is organized into three major categories:
1. Preliminaries
2. Textual Body
3. References and Appendices

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variabel-variabel kebijakan struktur modal menurut pecking order theory dan trade off theory terhadap keputusan pendanaan struktur modal perusahaan consumer goods di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian explanatory dengan metode regresi data panel. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 12 perusahaan consumer goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2008-2012. Jumlah sampel sebesar 12 perusahaan selama lima tahun, merupakan hasil pengambilan sampel melalui teknik pemilihan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa defisit pendanaan berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan struktur modal menurut pandangan pecking order theory, tangibility assets dan profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan struktur modal menurut pandangan trade off theory. sedangkan growth dan size tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan struktur modal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan consumer goods di Bursa Efek Indonesia cenderung mengikuti pecking order theory tetapi tidak secara penuh mengikuti hirarki pecking order theory. Penelitian ini dapat membantu manajer untuk menentukan kebijakan struktur modal yang tepat bagi perusahaan agar dapat mencapai biaya modal yang rendah Kata Kunci: kebijakan struktur modal, pecking order theory, trade off theory. Perusahaan merupakan poros penting dalam membangun sistem perekonomian Indonesia. Setiap perusahaan dituntut untuk mengelola fungsi-fungsi manajemen dengan baik agar perusahaan yang tumbuh dan berkembang dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Setiap perusahaan di dalam kegiatan operasinya akan menghadapi masalah pemenuhan kebutuhan dana. Pendanaan perusahaan berkaitan erat dengan pemilihan dan kombinasi sumber dana yang berasal dari dalam (internal) yaitu ekuitas maupun dari luar (eksternal) yaitu hutang jangka panjang (Brealey.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a strategic component in academia, serving not only as a supportive tool but also as a partner in research, teaching, administration, and scholarly publication. This article discusses the concepts, evolution, types, and applications of AI in the academic context, strategies for leveraging AI in research and scholarly writing, ethical challenges, and optimization of academic workflows. Case studies and practical exercises are presented as implementation guides, emphasizing integrity, effectiveness, and academic productivity.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengentahui pengaruh variabel cost of financial distress dan non-debt tax shield berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal perusahaan sub sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2016. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 12 perusahaan sub sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI. Teknik Analisis yang digunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik secara parsial maupun simultan variabel cost of financial distress dan non-debt tax shield tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal perusahaan sub sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Kata Kunci: cost of financial distress, non-debt tax shield, struktur modal Kebutuhan akan modal sangat penting dalam membangun dan menjaminkelangsungan perusahaan selain faktor pendukung lainnya. Perusahaan membutuhkan modal dalam melakukan kegiatan usahanya yang digunakan untuk membiayai kegiatan operasional perusahaan sehingga dapat hidup dan terus berkembang dari tahun ke tahun. Modal yang digunakan perusahaanyaitu modal sendiri (equity) dan hutang (debt) bik hutang jangka pendek maupun hutang jangka panjang. Hutang jangka pendek sering disebut hutang lancar, yakni kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi dalam jangka waktu kurang dari satu tahun atau dalam jangka siklus bisnis perusahaan, sedangkan hutang jangka panjang adalah kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi dalam jangka waktu lebih dari satu tahun. Keputusan struktur modal adalah suatu keputusan keuangan yang berkaitan dengan komposisi hutang, saham preferen dan saham biasa yang digunakan perusahaan, manajer harus mampu menghimpunmodal baik yang bersumber dari dalam perusahaan maupun dari luar perusahaan secara efisien, dalam arti keputusan pendaan tersebut mampu meminimalkan biaya modal yang harus ditanggung perusahaan (Yuke dan Hadr, 2005). Biaya modal yang muncul dari keputusan pendanaan tersebut merupakan konsekuensi yang secara langsung muncul dari keputusan yang sudah diambil manajer. Saat manajer menggunakan hutang, jelas biaya modal yang timbul yaitu sebesar biaya modal yang sudah dibebankan oleh kreditur sedangkan jika manajer menggunakan dana internal atau dana sendiri, maka akan timbul opportunity cost dari dana atau modal sediri yang telah digunakan. Keputusan pendanaan yang dilakukan secara tidak cermat akan menimbulkan biaya tetap dalam bentuk biaya modal yang tinggi, yang dapat berakibat pada profitabilitas perusahaan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengentahui pengaruh variabel cost of financial distress dan non-debt tax shield berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal Perusahaan sub sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2016. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 12 Perusahaan sub sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI. Teknik Analisis yang digunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik secara parsial maupun simultan variabel cost of financial distress dan non-debt tax shield tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal Perusahaan sub sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.

Proposal submitted to the Tanzania National Scientific Research Council (Utafiti) in 1980 to conduct research for my University of Cambridge PhD in Mbeya Region.

Definition of Problem Area: The proposed research will be directed towards an understanding of one particular aspect of rural transformation in Tanzania: to determine the role played by communication and knowledge in rapid social and economic change, and to construct an explanatory model of the processes involved. For this purpose I will adopt a theoretical perspective derived from the sociology of knowledge, adapting it to the specific instance of socialist transformation. I have: chosen to conduct research in the Usangu Plains of  Mbeya Region, not only because comparatively little sociological work has been done on this area, but also because it affords the opportunity to study communication and knowledge in the context of communities developing under the stimulus of both i) a history of local population movement and migration into the area (particularly along the southern and eastern margins of the Plains), and ii) current interest in the social and economic development of the area (Hazlewood and Livingstone, 1978, Vol.1).

[continues]

This essay proposes an innovative approach to artificial intelligence (AI) development that goes beyond mere human mind and emotion emulation, focusing on a second-generation AI characterized by objectivity, the absence of limiting emotions, and the adoption of functional consciousness. Drawing from an interdisciplinary analysis integrating learning and human development theories, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and computer science, the necessity to overcome the cognitive and emotional limitations inherent to human nature is discussed to optimize decision-making and information processing. Additionally, a conceptual architecture is outlined for an AI system combining a logical-analytical core with an emotional comprehension module devoid of subjective experience, accompanied by an adaptive ethical filter and advanced scenario simulation systems. The technological, social, and ethical implications of this proposal are examined, as well as the expected impact on human-AI interaction and global innovation. The essay concludes with a call to action for developers, academics, and policymakers to embrace this integrative and pragmatic vision aimed at building intelligent systems that contribute to humanity's well-being and progress.

Grant proposals are a genre unlike the other kinds of academic writing in which you have been trained. It is not a research essay or a dissertation prospectus, neither a book nor its abstract. Grants have both a distinct audience and a rhetorical force different from other kinds of academic writing. Failure to understand the genre of grant writing is perhaps the primary reason why applications are unsuccessful. This brief essay describes the characteristics of the audience and the underlying form (logic, if you will) of a grant proposal. The focus of this discussion will be research grants, but the considerations of audience and rhetorical force apply to a wide range of fellowships, grants for projects, internship proposals, and so on. The last section of this essay extends the genre to other kinds of application.

A Mathematical Model: A New Paradigm for Psychological Resilience
Abstract (English):
This study marks a paradigm shift in clinical psychology, introducing a revolutionary mathematical framework that transforms psychological resilience from a theoretical construct into a precise, quantifiable biomarker for the first time. The pioneering model deciphers the dynamic relationship between resilience (R), stress intensity (S), and psychological balance (y) through the equation (R=yS), providing an exceptionally powerful analytical tool. This tool transcends traditional methodologies, enabling unprecedented accuracy in classifying stressors and determining individual resilience levels. This research establishes the foundation for a new methodology that paves the way for designing personalized and precisely targeted therapeutic interventions, while enhancing the ability to gain a deeper understanding of adaptation and personal growth mechanisms, thereby solidifying its position as a cornerstone for progress in behavioral psychology.
Keywords (English):
Psychological Resilience
Clinical Psychology
Mathematical Modeling
Biomarker
Psychological Stress
Behavioral Adaptation

عنوان البحث: "المرونة النفسية كمؤشر حيوي: تطوير نموذج رياضي لتطبيقات علم النفس السريري'
تُمثل هذه الدراسة نقلة نوعية في علم النفس الإكلينيكي، حيث تُقدّم إطارًا رياضيًا ثوريًا يحوّل المرونة النفسية من مفهوم نظري إلى مؤشر حيوي ملموس قابل للقياس بدقة للمرة ,الأولى. إن هذا النموذج الرائد يفك شفرة العلاقة الديناميكية بين المرونة
(R)
(S)وشدة الإجهاد ، (y) والتوازن النفسي
(R=yS)عبر معادلة
، مُقدّمًا بذلك أداة تحليلية فائقة القوة. تتجاوز هذه الأداة الأساليب التقليدية، وتُمكن من تصنيف الضغوطات بدقة غير مسبوقة وتحديد مستويات المرونة بشكل فردي. يمثل هذا البحث الأساس لمنهجية جديدة تُمهد الطريق لتصميم تدخلات علاجية شخصية وموجهة بدقة، وتُعزز من القدرة على فهم آليات التكيف والنمو الشخصي بشكل أعمق، مما يُرسّخ مكانته كركيزة للتقدم في علم النفس السلوكي.
Keywords (عربي):
المرونة النفسية
علم النفس الإكلينيكي
النمذجة الرياضية
مؤشر حيوي
الضغط النفسي
التكيف السلوكي

The study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the efficiency and quality of technical report writing, focusing on commonly used tools such as grammar checkers, ChatGPT-based drafting assistants, and citation management software. Using a mixed-methods approach, comprising expert interviews and a survey of 83 technical writers, the research examines how AI technologies are currently integrated into professional writing practices and evaluates their impact across efficiency, accuracy, and ethical dimensions. The findings indicate that AI tools offer substantial time savings, especially in automating repetitive tasks such as grammar correction, referencing, and document structuring. They also improve linguistic clarity and consistency in terminology. However, experts caution that AI tools still struggle with domain-specific accuracy and contextual interpretation, limiting their effectiveness in specialized fields like engineering and business. Moreover, ethical concerns, including potential plagiarism, authorship ambiguity, and over-reliance among novice writers, emerge as critical challenges. Despite these limitations, the study finds that AI can play a valuable role as a collaborative partner in technical writing when paired with human oversight. It advocates for developing domain-adaptive AI systems and calls for more straightforward ethical guidelines to support responsible integration. While the research sample is modest and primarily technology-focused, the study offers meaningful contributions to the discourse on AI in technical communication. It provides practical recommendations for leveraging AI tools effectively while preserving the critical role of human expertise, judgment, and ethical responsibility in technical documentation.

The Miners’ Welfare Fund (MWF) is possibly the most significant and wide ranging piece of social welfare outside of the Beveridge Report and the subsequent Welfare State. However, the MWF – a major aspect (Section 20) of the Mining Industry Act of 1920 – has been almost completely overlooked by historians, be they specialists of the mining industry or social historians more generally. The research proposed seeks to correct this oversight and reveal the numerous ways in which the MWF aided miners’ and their families in aspects of their lives as diverse as education, health, housing, health and safety, sport and leisure and public spaces. It will be demonstrated that the MWF did a good deal more than fund the construction of pithead baths, Miner’s Institutes and the running of sport and social clubs. The legacy of the MWF, despite the dismantling of the industry following the 1984 strike, remains vibrant – although less visible – in what were once nationally important communities.

A well-crafted research proposal is a cornerstone of successful academic inquiry, particularly for Master of Arts (MA) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) candidates in fields such as education and TESOL/TEFL (Locke et al., 2010; Punch, 2016). This comprehensive guide provides practical, detailed, and rigorous guidelines for novice researchers at institutions like Assiut University in Egypt, aiming to equip them with the necessary knowledge and strategies to develop a strong, proper, and effective research proposal or outline for degree registration

Salah satu bentuk sediaan kosmetik perawatan kulit wajah yang paling sering digunakan dan memiliki banyak manfaat untuk kulit adalah masker wajah. Masker wajah adalah sediaan kosmetik yang dapat melembabkan, mengencangkan, membersihkan, memberikan efek relaksasi, menstimulasi, mengeksfoliasi dan menutrisi kulit. Gel sebagai basis masker wajah memiliki kelebihan yaitu dapat digunakan oleh berbagai tipe kulit serta menyegarkan kulit. Pada penelitian ini, madu manuka diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk sediaan masker gel. Standarisasi spesifik dan standarisasi non spesifik dilakukan terhadap madu manuka. Konsentrasi madu manuka yang digunakan dalam formulasi adalah konsentrasi yang memiliki potensi antioksidan, yaitu 3% (Formula I), 5% (Formula II) dan 8% (Formula III). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi madu manuka terhadap mutu fisik, efektivitas, keamanan dan stabilitas masker gel, serta untuk mengetahui formula masker gel yang terbaik berdasarkan hasil evaluasi efektivitas masker wajah dalam mengencangkan kulit. Data parametrik hasil evaluasi kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji tindependent untuk antar bets dan uji Oneway ANOVA, serta data non parametrik dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney untuk antar bets dan uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk antar formula. Hasil analisis data evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi madu manuka berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan viskositas, waktu kering, serta penurunan pH dan daya sebar. Konsentrasi madu manuka pada masker gel mempengaruhi stabilitas pH dan viskositas. Formula masker gel terbaik adalah masker gel dengan madu manuka 8% (Formula III) karena memenuhi seluruh spesifikasi efektivitas masker wajah.

Salah satu bentuk sediaan kosmetik perawatan kulit wajah yang paling sering digunakan dan memiliki banyak manfaat untuk kulit adalah masker wajah. Masker wajah adalah sediaan kosmetik yang dapat melembabkan, mengencangkan, membersihkan, memberikan efek relaksasi, menstimulasi, mengeksfoliasi dan menutrisi kulit. Gel sebagai basis masker wajah memiliki kelebihan yaitu dapat digunakan oleh berbagai tipe kulit serta menyegarkan kulit. Pada penelitian ini, madu manuka diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk sediaan masker gel. Standarisasi spesifik dan standarisasi non spesifik dilakukan terhadap madu manuka. Konsentrasi madu manuka yang digunakan dalam formulasi adalah konsentrasi yang memiliki potensi antioksidan, yaitu 3% (Formula I), 5% (Formula II) dan 8% (Formula III). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi madu manuka terhadap mutu fisik, efektivitas, keamanan dan stabilitas masker gel, serta untuk mengetahui formula masker gel yang terbaik berdasarkan hasil evalua...

Setiap kegiatan untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan kesehatan, bertujuan untuk mewujudkan derajat kesehatan yang optimal bagi masyarakat yang dilaksanakan secara menyeluruh, terpadu, dan berkesinambungan. Salah satu realisasi pembangunan dibidang farmasi oleh pemerintah dan swasta adalah menyediakan sarana pelayanan kesehatan salah satunya adalah Apotek.

Berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 51 Tahun
2009, dinyatakan bahwa apotek adalah sarana pelayanan kefarmasian tempat dilakukan praktek kefarmasian oleh apoteker. Hal ini menegaskan berubahnya paradigma farmasi dari yang berorientasi obat (drug orinted) menjadi berorientasi pasien (patien oriented) sehingga diperlukan perubahan dalam praktek pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek saat ini. Berdasarkan keputusan menteri kesehatan No.1332/Menkes/sk/x/2003, definisi Apotek adalah tempat dilakukan pekerjaan kefarmasian, penyalur sediaan, dan perbekalan kesehatan lainnya kepada masyarakat. Dalam peraturan ini seorang Apoteker bertanggungjawab atas pengelolaan apotek, sehingga pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat akan lebih terjamin keamanannya, baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya.

Improving research supervision is essential for enhancing students' academic experiences and strengthening higher education systems in Africa. Many students encounter difficulties such as vague feedback, inconsistent supervision, and delays in approvals, all of which slow down their research progress and extend their time to graduation. To overcome these challenges, universities should implement structured supervision frameworks that include regular training for supervisors, a single-supervisor approach, step-by-step guidance, and timely feedback. Furthermore, incorporating AI tools, ensuring manageable supervision workloads, and engaging external experts can significantly improve the research process. By adopting these measures, institutions can create a more effective and supportive academic environment, leading to higher student success rates and improved research outcomes.

Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) play a crucial role in community development.
However, for these CBOs to function effectively, they require various capacity-building
initiatives. Despite the acknowledged impact of CBO capacity building in the literature,
many CBOs still lack sufficient capacity. One major reason for this is a lack of
understanding of how CBO capacity-building initiatives can contribute to community
development. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of CBO capacity-building
initiatives on community development, focusing on CBOs in T/A Ngabu. The study
employed mixed methods research to gain an in-depth understanding of the findings. A
sample of 12 CBOs (six with extensive capacity-building initiatives and six with minimal
capacity-building initiatives) was selected from Traditional Authority Ngabu using a
purposive sampling procedure. Data was collected through focus group discussions, CBO
record books, government documents, observations, and physical verification. The data was
analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.The study’s findings revealed that capacity
building of CBOs positively impacts their service delivery to the community. Additionally, it
was discovered that CBOs that receive or implement more capacity-building initiatives, with
the help of partners, are better able to execute more community development initiatives.
However, due to the small sample size, the findings cannot be generalized to other regions
but can serve as a basis for future research on similar topics. Finally, it is recommended that
future research be conducted in more Traditional Authorities and districts. Above all, the
findings of this study will assist development practitioners in creating effective community
development approaches that meet the needs of the community.

Diabetes Mellitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat gangguan sekresi insulin dan resistensi insulin atau kedua-duanya. Pengobatan Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 terdiri atas empat pilar pengobatan yakni edukasi, gizi medis, latihan jasmani dan farmakologi. Terapi farmakologi Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 terbagi menjadi dua yakni oral dan suntikan seperti Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist. Glukagon Like Peptide-1 adalah jenis hormon inkretin yang normalnya diproduksi oleh usus halus untuk mengatur kadar gula dengan menekan sekresi glukagon untuk merangsang sekresi insulin terhadap makanan yang berdasarkan cara kerjanya dibagi menjadi kerja pendek (<24 jam) dan kerja panjang (≥24 jam). Kata Kunci: diabetes Mellitus tipe 2, glp-1 agonist, obat antidiabetes.

This essay takes up the Italo-Baltic translation of the relic of Polish-Lithuanian prince, St. Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, from Vilnius to Florence as a case study in the cross-cultural portrayal of entangled emotions during the Counter-Reformation. Focusing on Florentine religious culture under Grand Duke Cosimo III, I consider the transcultural reception and recontextualisation of Jagiellończyk's cult, corporeal remains, and the reliquary made to transport, safeguard, and encapsulate his relic. The essay draws on distinct genres of source material to frame the significance of St. Kazimierz as a spiritual martyr and also calls attention to the symbolic materiality of the reliquary made to cultivate shifting emotions as instruments of devotion.

This article introduces heria, a LaTeX class to format funding proposals for the European Commission's Horizon Europe program. It provides a basic summary of the class's use; compares it to existing packages for funding proposals; discusses its motivations, design decisions, and limitations; and reports on its real-world use and plans for future development. Besides providing prospective Horizon Europe applicants with an overview of the class, this article may give prospective developers and users of classes for other proposal types some idea of the work involved and the potential pitfalls.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is one of the highest causes of death in COVID-19 patients. ARDS is an acute respiratory failure caused by buildup of fluid in the lungs, resulting in inflammation. Lungs damage triggers the generation of various proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). LPS induction in rat is the most commonly used model to assess the inflammatory response, including increased levels of cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) has a high content of important antioxidants, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to determine anti inflammatory activity of guava extract of LPS-induced rats as ARDS model. Pretreatment of guava extract has been given for 28 days to improve rats immune system, than induced by LPS 5 μg/g BW as ARDS animal model. The extract was continued for 14 days, then rats were sacrificed and the inflammatory markers both serum and lung wer...

Research is a deliberate and systematic inquiry or investigation to establish a fact. Research could focus on any desired discipline like science, education, economy, administration, etc. Resources (e.g. humans, funds, equipment etc) are essential in any research, especially impactful research. Research forms an essential part of development for interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary application of new technologies and procedures. Progress and comfort of human beings are due to success in research outcomes in the society. In the modern world, every sector, like medical, engineering, and basic sciences improves daily and has achieved new horizons because of support from research funding. For comprehensive research and its utility for better progress and output, proper funding is required. This article highlights various research funding opportunities, sources, agencies, and their significance. The fundamental objective is to create awareness through the global involvement of a collab...

UMKM Adalah salah satu, aspek penunjang dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar di Era Globalisasi yang semakin maju, sehingga dalam menggagas UMKM diperlukan sebuah inovasi untuk menghadapi tantangan tersebut. Modul ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat Desa Buhu, Kecamatan Talaga Jaya, Kabupaten Gorontalo, melalui kewirausahaan lampion sabut kelapa. Program ini memanfaatkan limbah sabut kelapa sebagai bahan dasar utama untuk produksi lampion yang memiliki nilai jual dan fungsional. Proses pembuatan lampion melibatkan beberapa teknologi, termasuk alat pencacah manual dan mesin pencacah yang dikelola oleh Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Gorontalo. Program ini dimulai dengan identifikasi kelayakan limbah sabut kelapa, diikuti dengan pencacahan limbah, penyiapan balon, pelumuran balon dengan lem, dan penempelan serbuk cacahan sabut kelapa pada kerangka. Setelah lampion selesai dibuat, tahap finishing meliputi pelubangan, perakitan kabel, dan pemasangan fitting lampu. Keberhasilan program ini terlihat dari lahirnya produk lampion inovatif yang tidak hanya meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengelola limbah, tetapi juga menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru. Dengan terbentuknya UMKM sabut kelapa, masyarakat mendapatkan pelatihan intensif mulai dari pengolahan hingga pemasaran produk. Program ini juga melibatkan kemitraan dengan Perguruan Tinggi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Pemerintah Desa Buhu, dan berbagai dinas terkait, serta mendukung pengoptimalan penjualan lampion secara nasional. Melalui modul ini, diharapkan Desa Buhu dapat menjadi pusat kewirausahaan berbasis limbah sabut kelapa, memberikan dampak ekonomi yang positif dan berkelanjutan bagi masyarakat setempat.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variabel-variabel kebijakan struktur modal menurut pecking order theory dan trade off theory terhadap keputusan pendanaan struktur modal perusahaan consumer goods di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian explanatory dengan metode regresi data panel. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 12 perusahaan consumer goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2008-2012. Jumlah sampel sebesar 12 perusahaan selama lima tahun, merupakan hasil pengambilan sampel melalui teknik pemilihan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa defisit pendanaan berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan struktur modal menurut pandangan pecking order theory, tangibility assets dan profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan struktur modal menurut pandangan trade off theory. sedangkan growth dan size tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan struktur modal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan consumer goods di Bursa Efek Indonesia cenderung mengikuti pecking order theory tetapi tidak secara penuh mengikuti hirarki pecking order theory. Penelitian ini dapat membantu manajer untuk menentukan kebijakan struktur modal yang tepat bagi perusahaan agar dapat mencapai biaya modal yang rendah Kata Kunci: kebijakan struktur modal, pecking order theory, trade off theory. Perusahaan merupakan poros penting dalam membangun sistem perekonomian Indonesia. Setiap perusahaan dituntut untuk mengelola fungsi-fungsi manajemen dengan baik agar perusahaan yang tumbuh dan berkembang dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Setiap perusahaan di dalam kegiatan operasinya akan menghadapi masalah pemenuhan kebutuhan dana. Pendanaan perusahaan berkaitan erat dengan pemilihan dan kombinasi sumber dana yang berasal dari dalam (internal) yaitu ekuitas maupun dari luar (eksternal) yaitu hutang jangka panjang (Brealey.

Through this proposal, the authors suggest a qualitative study to explore the potential of foresight in advancing research efforts for human thriving. By applying a systems thinking approach, they will attempt to unlock opportunities to examine potential futures in advance and bring causal relationships to the forefront. They will identify key elements contributing to personal, professional, and organizational well-being. This will be done by employing a case study methodology. The authors will conduct semi-structured interviews with experts in foresight, systems thinking, and human thriving. Their study is expected to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners. It will demonstrate how foresight tools can be leveraged to promote human thriving. It will inform future research and guide the development of strategies for enhancing well-being across various contexts.

The objective of this research is to empirically examine the influence of gross capital formation (GFK), public spending on education, spending on research and development (R&D), the number of companies and tax collection, in economic growth, evaluating these variables in the economy of twelve Latin American countries in the periods 2006 to 2019. For this, static panel models (fixed effects and random effects) and dynamic panel (Generalized Method of Analysis) were used as econometric methodology. Moments-GMM), in order to establish the best model that presents the estimators, where the two-step GMM system is more consistent and significant. The results found that gross capital formation, spending on education and taxes significantly influence economic growth, while spending on R&D and the number of companies negatively influence economic growth. Coming to the conclusion that spending on education generates growth in the economies of Latin American countries, this is due to lagging economic growth and tax collection, but there is a lack of information on why spending on R&D, taxes, company numbers, generates a negative impact, which is why studies that evaluate factors that influence these variables are recommended.

The objective of this research is to empirically examine the influence of gross capital formation (GFK), public spending on education, spending on research and development (R&D), the number of companies and tax collection, in economic growth, evaluating these variables in the economy of twelve Latin American countries in the periods 2006 to 2019. For this, static panel models (fixed effects and random effects) and dynamic panel (Generalized Method of Analysis) were used as econometric methodology. Moments-GMM), in order to establish the best model that presents the estimators, where the two-step GMM system is more consistent and significant. The results found that gross capital formation, spending on education and taxes significantly influence economic growth, while spending on R&D and the number of companies negatively influence economic growth. Coming to the conclusion that spending on education generates growth in the economies of Latin American countries, this is due to lagging economic growth and tax collection, but there is a lack of information on why spending on R&D, taxes, company numbers, generates a negative impact, which is why studies that evaluate factors that influence these variables are recommended.

This study intends to develop a standard political structure in the Nigerian context that is national, economic, and social-political development oriented. Again, this study contributes to the deficiencies in the past literature on political science regarding political structure and good governance. There is a global paradigm shift in the citizens' acceptability of political decisions and promises, especially in Nigeria. The concept of emilokanism is an antidemocratic political structure. The downscale of citizens' trust in the government keeps decreasing. The U.S. citizens' trust in government dropped from 77% in the 1960s to 54% in 2001 and then went down to 17% in 2019. However, European and Asian countries are not left out. Nigeria is not exceptional in this drop in government trust among citizens due to the so-called political structure. Nigerian Leaders are the viruses eating deep into the mechanism and framework of the country. The cost of running a corrupt government is much higher than running a corrupt-free nation. In this article, the authors employed a scoping review of studies on political studies, political structure, good governance, political corruption, and politics to demystify the repulsive nature of political structure in Nigeria and provide recommendations for a more refined architecture. The findings revealed that one of the significant reasons for corruption among Nigerian political leaders is the political structure. Nigeria's political system gives room for corruption and thereby economically enslaves her citizenry.

Desa Salam, Kabupaten Magelang memiliki banyak potensi yang cukup besar dalam pengembangan perekonomian masyarakatnya. Terlebih dengan lokasi strategis yang berada pada perbatasan provinsi, sehingga dilintasi jalan lintas provinsi. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan media audiovisual dapat menjadi sarana yang sangat berguna dalam hal promosi potensi desa dan sosialisasi program desa kepada masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, mengingat manfaat yang besar dari media audiovisual, maka perlu diselenggarakan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat berupa pelatihan produksi audiovisual kepada anggota karang taruna dan perangkat Desa Salam, Kabupaten Magelang oleh dosen Program Studi Manajemen Teknik Studio Produksi, Sekolah Tinggi Multi Media “MMTC”, Yogyakarta. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pembelajaran program pelatihan produksi audiovisual yang professional sehingga diharapkan karang taruna dan perangkat Desa Salam mampu mengaplikasikan pada tugas-tugas sehari-...

This study intends to develop a standard political structure in the Nigerian context that is national, economic, and social-political development oriented. Again, this study contributes to the deficiencies in the past literature on political science regarding political structure and good governance. There is a global paradigm shift in the citizens' acceptability of political decisions and promises, especially in Nigeria. The concept of emilokanism is an antidemocratic political structure. The downscale of citizens' trust in the government keeps decreasing. The U.S. citizens' trust in government dropped from 77% in the 1960s to 54% in 2001 and then went down to 17% in 2019. However, European and Asian countries are not left out. Nigeria is not exceptional in this drop in government trust among citizens due to the so-called political structure. Nigerian Leaders are the viruses eating deep into the mechanism and framework of the country. The cost of running a corrupt government is much higher than running a corrupt-free nation. In this article, the authors employed a scoping review of studies on political studies, political structure, good governance, political corruption, and politics to demystify the repulsive nature of political structure in Nigeria and provide recommendations for a more refined architecture. The findings revealed that one of the significant reasons for corruption among Nigerian political leaders is the political structure. Nigeria's political system gives room for corruption and thereby economically enslaves her citizenry.

This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of profitability, firm size, growth opportunity, liquidity, asset structure, business risk and non-debt tax shield on the capital structure in the consumer goods sub-sector company listed on the Stock Exchange in period 2008-2012. This study used purposive sampling method for sampling, in order to obtain a total of 12 companies by the number N = 60. Analytical method used is multiple regression analysis with the help of analysis tools SPSS version 18.0.Based on the analysis of data it can be concluded that there is influence of variables on capital structure and profitability has a negative direction. While for the variable firm size, growth opportunity, liquidity, asset structure, business risk and non-debt tax shield does not affect the capital structure.

Transivity in Nadiem Makarim's Speech on the 2021 National Teacher's Day Commemoration This study aims to reveal the participants involved in the discourse (transivity) of Nadiem Makarim's speech on the 2021 National Teacher's Day commemoration. This research is a type of qualitative research. The data source for this research was obtained from Nadiem Makarim's speech text on the 2021 National Teacher's Day Commemoration, which was downloaded from the website www.youtube.com. The theory used is the Systemic Functional Linguistics (LSF) theory pioneered by Halliday. Data collection methods and techniques used are observation methods with note-taking techniques. The method of presenting the results of the data analysis used applies to the presentation of all forms of conversation in the research in the form of descriptions of words, phrases, groups of phrases, clauses, and texts. The results of the study show that the transivity in the speech text of Nadiem Mak...

Mental processes, as part of the ideational function in the metafunction of discourse, refer to the search for concepts of thinking, knowledge, feelings, and desires of the speaker. This study aims to understand and explore the use and trend of using mental processes by Donald Trump in his 2016-2018 speeches. The data and data sources of this research are clauses containing mental processes in Trump's victory speech (2016), critical speeches in Phoenix (2017), and campaign speeches in Evansville Rally (2018). Data were collected employing a transcription study of speech texts and analyzed using the theory of Functional Grammar M.A.K Halliday and Systemic Functional Linguistics Suzzane Eggins and Tri Wiratno, which were concretized through tables and percentages. The findings show the dominance of the affective mental process, namely the most frequent mental process or the highest frequency used by Donald Trump to show his love for the people (listeners), flag, and country.

Mental processes, as part of the ideational function in the metafunction of discourse, referto the search for concepts of thinking, knowledge, feelings, and desires of the speaker. Thisstudy aims to understand and explore the use and trend of using mental processes byDonald Trump in his 2016–2018 speeches. The data and data sources of this research areclauses containing mental processes in Trump's victory speech (2016), critical speeches inPhoenix (2017), and campaign speeches in Evansville Rally (2018). Data were collectedemploying a transcription study of speech texts and analyzed using the theory of FunctionalGrammar M.A.K Halliday and Systemic Functional Linguistics Suzzane Eggins and TriWiratno, which were concretized through tables and percentages. The findings show thedominance of the affective mental process, namely the most frequent mental process or thehighest frequency used by Donald Trump to show his love for the people (listeners), flag,and country.

Language is unique related to text and context. Context represent text and inturn, text present context. Both text and context canneot be separated one and each other to understand and produce meaning. No one language is better than others. Every language is good, better and unique in text and context. It can be seen the enrichment of local tradition on so long in time in Angkola to be identity and cannot be changed.

Pada dimensi makna ideasional, klausa dipandang sebagai sumber makna yang digunakan untuk mempresentasikan pengalaman. Makna ideasional sendiri dapat dirinci menjadi makna eksperiensial (experiential meaning) dan makna logikal (logical meaning). Makna ideasional yang terkait dengan makna eksperiensial diasosiasikan dengan berbagai jenis proses dalam kerangka sistem kebahasaan yang disebut transitivitas. Transitivitas adalah sistem yang menguraikan pengalaman sebagai jenis proses yang terkait dengan partisipan dan sirkumstan (Halliday, 1985: 101). Transitivitas berhubungan dengan pemilihan jenis proses dan peran partisipan, yang direalisasikan ke dalam realita pengalaman (Eggins, 2004: 205).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada tema udara bersih bagi kesehatan melalui penerapan strategi debat aktif kelas VB SDN 002 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis diantaranya siswa kurang mampu menyatakan pendapatnya dengan menggunakan alasan yang logis terkait materi yang disampaikan oleh guru, siswa kurang mau bertanya mengenai materi yang di ajarkan dan kurang mampu menjawab pertanyaan hots dan memberikan argumentasi dengan baik pada saat penilaian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Sabjek dalam penelitian ini adalah satu orang guru dan 26 orang siswa kelas VB SDN 002 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah strategi Debat Aktif dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, tes dan dokum...

The purpose of this study is to describe the following matters. First, it describes the mastery of the vocabulary in the environmental field of class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Padang. Second, describing the explanatory writing skills of the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri 2 Padang. Third, explaining the correlation between the mastery of environmental vocabulary and the writing skills of explanatory text for grade XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Padang. This type of research is quantitative research with descriptive methods. Based on the results of the study, the following three things can be concluded. First, the vocabulary mastery of the environmental field of class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Padang is in good qualifications (77.85). Second, the explanatory text writing skills in class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Padang are in good qualifications (77.93). Third, there is a significant correlation between vocabulary mastery in the field of environment and writing skills in exp...

This qualitative study aims to describe linguistic signs and reveal the ideology contained in CV. STB’letter for water exploitation to policy makers in West Bandung Regency. This research uses Halliday’s (1995) transitivity analysis and Fairclough's (1995) critical discourse analysis. At the linguistic analysis, it was identified that the material process transivity is most often used by CV. STB for positive imaging. At the interpretation analysis, it was identified that CV. STB as the applicant for water exploitation (1) claiming to have the obligation to exploit water which is marked by the relasional verb process, (2) self-image with a social spirit which is marked by the material verb process, and (3) self-image as a humble applicant with linguistic signs of mental processes. At the explanation stage, it was revealed that CV. STB has the ideology that (1) the water resources in the soil itself are privately owned, (2) the water concession permit will be issued if CV. STB mak...

This research analyzes the text in English children's story book. The approach implemented in this study is discourse analysis. The research objectives aimed to describe the role of text structure that builds the story in English children fairy tales. The research method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative. The sources of data in this research are document and informant. The source from document is the reading text in English children fairy tales, while the informant in this study is the author involved in the English children fairy tales publicity. The data of this research are in the form of reading text from English children fairy tales. Based on the result of the data analysis, it is concluded that Dreamlets fairy tales written by Arleen A and EorG are categorized as coherent discourse, because it is supported by text structure that building the integrity of the story line. The text structure that builds plot are found four phases in this discourse that are orientation, complication, evaluation, and resolution. The four text structures have a role in bringing up the fairytale storyline of English-language children Dreamlets by Arleen A and EorG.

Abstract: This research analyzes the text in English children's story book. The approach implemented in this study is discourse analysis. The research objectives aimed to describe the role of text structure that builds the story in English children fairy tales. The research method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative. The sources of data in this research are document and informant. The source from document is the reading text in English children fairy tales, while the informant in this study is the author involved in the English children fairy tales publicity. The data of this research are in the form of reading text from English children fairy tales. Based on the result of the data analysis, it is concluded that Dreamlets fairy tales written by Arleen A and EorG are categorized as coherent discourse, because it is supported by text structure that building the integrity of the story line. The text structure that builds plot are found four phases in this discourse tha...