Shark Biology

Kiluan Bay is a popular tourist attraction due to its natural beauty and abundance of resources. Together with tourists, capture fisheries are another activity in Kiluan Bay. The fishing and tourism industries share the same usage zone. If tourism and catch fishing activities in Kiluan Bay are not adequately managed, the resources near Kiluan Bay would be degraded. Longline fishing equipment is used in capture fisheries in Kiluan Bay. In order to manage fishing activities, it is necessary to understand how environmentally friendly longline fishing gear. In Kiluan Bay, this study was carried out in December 2022. Snowball sampling is the technique employed, and data analysis is based on the nine FAO-established criteria for environmentally acceptable fishing gear. According to the research's findings, longline fishing gear is rated as a very environmentally friendly fishing method (30.4 overall), which means that longline fishing operations can aid in the growth of ecotourism in Kiluan Bay.

Durante buceos de cacería de pez león realizados en Islas de la Bahía entre 2024 y 2025, se observó que  tiburones nodriza se acercan y siguen a buzos atraídos por el olor de la sangre de los peces capturados almacenados en contenedores. Aunque no se registraron comportamientos agresivos, estos acercamientos  podrían modificar la conducta natural de los tiburones y generar riesgos para los buzos, el turismo de buceo  recreativo y los programas de control del pez león. Se recomienda reforzar normas y controles que eviten  alimentar a tiburones, con el fin de prevenir cambios de comportamiento y posibles incidentes.

Basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765), is a large shark, distributed worldwide, generally found in boreal to warm temperate waters, frequently sighted in open seas, and which often enters into enclosed bays where it is usually captured; additionally, some dead specimens are found stranded on the beach . The presence of basking shark is known in the Mediterranean, but most of the reported captures were from western and central areas , especially off the Maghreb coast ) and the Adriatic Sea

During lionfish hunting dives conducted in the Bay Islands between 2024 and 2025, nurse sharks were  observed approaching and following divers attracted by the smell of blood from captured lionfish stored in
containers. Although no aggressive behavior was recorded, these interactions may alter the sharks’ natural  foraging behavior and pose potential risks to divers, recreational diving tourism, and lionfish control activities.
It is recommended that authorities strengthen regulations and controls to prevent the feeding of nurse sharks and other sharks, in order to avoid behavioral changes and possible incidents.

Durante buceos de cacería de pez león realizados en Islas de la Bahía entre 2024 y 2025, se observó que tiburones nodriza se acercan y siguen a buzos atraídos por el olor de la sangre de los peces capturados almacenados en contenedores. Aunque no se registraron comportamientos agresivos, estos acercamientos
podrían modificar la conducta natural de los tiburones y generar riesgos para los buzos, el turismo de buceo recreativo y los programas de control del pez león. Se recomienda reforzar normas y controles que eviten alimentar a tiburones, con el fin de prevenir cambios de comportamiento y posibles incidentes.

Judul: Implementasi Kebijakan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Kota Padang

Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) sebagai salah satu instrumen pemerintah dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Kota Padang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pihak Dinas Sosial, pendamping PKH, dan penerima manfaat, serta studi dokumentasi terkait regulasi dan laporan pelaksanaan program. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi PKH di Kota Padang telah berjalan cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan akses masyarakat miskin terhadap pendidikan dan kesehatan, namun masih menghadapi tantangan pada aspek validitas data penerima dan keterbatasan jumlah pendamping. Faktor pendukung implementasi kebijakan ini antara lain dukungan anggaran pemerintah pusat dan komitmen pemerintah daerah, sedangkan faktor penghambat meliputi keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dan koordinasi antarinstansi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa optimalisasi implementasi PKH membutuhkan perbaikan sistem data terpadu dan peningkatan kapasitas pendamping sosial.

Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Publik, Implementasi Kebijakan, Program Keluarga Harapan, Pengentasan Kemiskinan.

Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo merupakan pelabuhan terbesar sebagai sentra perikanan di Provinsi Aceh dengan karakteristik hasil tangkapan yang beragam, salah satunya ikan tongkol. Permasalahan utama pengelolaan perikanan tongkol di lokasi ini adalah status pemanfaatannya diduga mencapai ‘ fully exploited’ seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah armada penangkapan pukat cincin. Jika tidak ada perbaikan pengelolaan dikhawatirkan mengancam keberlanjutan stok sumber daya ikan tongkol. Suatu upaya pengelolaan terintegrasi dengan pendekatan ekosistem ( Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management ) diperlukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi status pengelolaan sumber daya ikan tongkol yang berbasis di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Lampulo. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasi langsung dan wawancara di lapangan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan multi kriteria dengan pengembangan indeks komposit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tren CPUE menu...

Efesiensi suatu alat tangkap diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan usaha penangkapan. Umpan merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat berpengaruh dalam keberhasilan alat tangkap rawai dasar, karena itu penentuan jenis umpan yang lebih disenangi oleh target tangkapan sangat di butuhkan. penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperiental fishing dengan 45 total pengulangan pengoperasian rawai dasar pada Oktober – Desember 2020 di perairan Bulukumba. Hook rate tertinggi diperoleh pada umpan ikan pari totol biru (Dasyatis kuhli) yaitu 10,81% dengan komposisi hasil tangkapan sebanyak 38,46 % dimana ikan jenis kakap merah (Lutjanus malabaricus) merupakan jenis ikan yang paling dominan tertangkap. Sedangkan hook rate terendah diperoleh pada umpan ikan buntal (Arothron hispidus), yaitu 7,14% dengan komposisi hasil tangkapan sebanyak 28,84%, ikan kakap batu (Lutjanus bohar), dan hiu sirip putih (Triaenodon obesus), merupakan jenis yang paling dominan tertangkap pada umpan ini. Sedangkan Pada umpan ikan ...

ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia yang memiliki sumber daya laut yang melimpah. Sumber daya laut tersebut mencakup 37% spesies ikan di dunia. Salah satu spesies ikan yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah Hiu. Hiu merupakan satu dari banyaknya jenis ikan di dunia yang memiliki tulang rawan. Data Badan Pangan Dunia (FAO) menunjukan bahwa Indonesia adalah negara penangkap hiu terbesar di dunia. Rata-rata produksi tahunan Indonesia yang dilaporkan dari tahun 2000-2011 mencapai 106.000 ton atau setara 13% dari total tangkapan dunia. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) adalah organisasi non pemerintah yang menangani masalah-masalah tentang konservasi, penelitian dan restorasi lingkungan. WWF merupakan salah satu organisasi yang peduli terhadap ancaman terhadap hiu akibat perburuan. Untuk mengatasi perburuan hiu di Indonesia, WWF mengeluarkan kampanye #SOSharks (Save Our Sharks) selain itu WWF bersama Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan mengeluarkan Simposium Hi...

Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) is catch target for Indonesian fisherman. Based on conservation status of hammerhead sharks in Indonesia, it is included in Appendix II CITES, thus hammerhead shark has gained a tremendous attention in the field of capture fisheries. This study was aimed to examine some populations of hammerhead sharks caught in the waters of Aceh Barat and Aceh Jaya from January to July 2014. Samples were obtained from fisherman catches in the waters of Aceh Barat and Aceh Jaya landed at PPI Ujong Baroh Meulaboh. Descriptive analysis and assessment using ELEFAN 1 in FiSAT II were performed. The results showed that 311 hammerhead sharks caught were dominated by male (111 sharks) at length ranging from 70.5 to 91.5 cm and female (57 sharks) at length ranging from 70.5 to 91.5 cm. The female sharks were included in immature young shark group, which potentially led to recruitment overfishing. Asymptote length of hammerhead shark may reach 262.50 ...

Perairan Kwatisore merupakan salah satu kawasan dalam Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih (TNTC) yang menjadi tempat beragregasinya hiu paus, dimana kehadirannya ditemukan sepanjang tahun, namun demikian kehadiran hiu paus di perairan ini sering berubah ubah terkait dengan jumlah waktu kehadiran. Sehubungan dengan kondisi tersebut maka perlu penelitian tentang peluang kemunculan hiu paus berdasarkan perilaku hiu paus dan karakteristik pola musim kemunculan ikan ini di perairan Kwatisore. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis peluang kemunculan hiu paus. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan menganalisis data kemunculan hiu paus selama periode tahun 2011 -2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kemunculan hiu paus ditemukaan sepanjang tahun, namun pelung kemunculan hiu paus berbeda-beda. Peluang kemunculan hiu paus tertinggi pada Bulan Mei (100 %) atau terlihat sepanjang bulan dan terendah di Bulan Januari dan Desember yaitu 0,11  20% atau terlihat 1-3 hari kemunculan pada periode bulan gelap. Pelung kemunculan hiu paus tercat pada bulan gelap bertepatan dengan aktifitas perikanan bagan.

Kemunculan ikan hiu paus yang terjadi di perairan Kwatisore, Provinsi Papua hampir ditemukan sepanjang tahun, sehingga Kwatisore dijadikan sebagai salah satu lokasi wisata ikan hiu paus di Indonesia. Kegiatan wisata ini dikwatirkan dapatmemberikan dampak terhadap menurunnya populasi ikan hiu paus di perairan Kwatisore, sehingga perlu diketahui sebaran populasinya Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui sebaran populasi hiu paus berdasarkan waktu, cuaca, dan tingkah laku. Pengamatan lapangan dilakukan selama 4 bulan, dimulai dari 11 September sampai 11 Desember 2016. Pengumpulan data kemunculan hiu paus dilakukan denganmetode observasi langsung yang dibagi ke dalam 2 waktu pengamatan, yaitu pengamatan secara langsung oleh peneliti antara pukul 06.00-17.59WIT dan pengamatan secara tidak langsung oleh nelayan bagan antara pukul 18.00-05.59 WIT. Sebaran hiu paus dianalisis dengan menggunakan Geografis Information Sistem (GIS) melalui proses digitasi dan overlay data berdasarkan titik k...

The feeding ecology and trophic level of the banded guitarfish, Zapteryx exasperata, from the Gulf of California, were assessed using stable isotope analysis (SIA) of carbon and nitrogen in muscle samples, and stomach contents analysis (SCA). Males and females showed similar diet preferences with a high diet overlap (Cλ=0.99) and similar values of δ 13 C and δ 15 N (ANOVA, F=0.0 p=0.94 for δ 13 C; F=0.1 p=0.78 for δ 15 N). The main prey groups found were demersal fishes dominated by the daisy midshipman, Porichthys margaritatus, (>90%IRI), however, pelagic fishes were also found (Engraulis mordax 2%IRI). An ontogenetic diet shift was found, indicated by the importance of crustaceans in the juvenile diet and the significant isotopic differences between juveniles and adults (δ 13 C, ANOVA, F=13.3 p=0.0004 and δ 15 N, ANOVA, F=4.7 p=0.03). An overall trend of increase in δ 15 N values with increasing body length (F=8.15 p=0.005) was observed. The mean trophic level estimated in this work by the two methods was~4.1, indicating that this species is a top predator in the Gulf of California. Zapteryx exasperata is a specialist feeder (Bi=0.11, H'=2.32), consuming mainly benthic fishes in coastal areas of the Gulf of California. The importance of this species in the benthic ecosystem equilibrium as a top predator is an important point to keep in mind when developing future management plans of the batoid fishery in the Gulf of California.

The description of amphibian hematology is scarce and most of these studies have been done in species from North America, Asia and Europe. With the purpose to obtain basic hematological information of Rhinella fernandezae, 23 blood samples from Santa Fe and Entre Rios natural reserves were studied. Blood of each individual was extracted by cardiac puncture and hemograms were carried out. Morphological and cytochemical description of blood cells were analyzed in slides and were inspected for extra and intra cellular parasites. Five leucocytes types were observed, being lymphocytes the predominant ones followed by basophiles. Heterophils and eosinophils were positive to PAS, Sudan B and peroxidase. The erythrocytes and its precursors were negative for cytochemical reactions. Micronuclei and nuclear alterations frequencies were scarce. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between sexes neither in hemograms nor in blood cells morphology. Microfilarias were the only hem...

This paper reviews all available records of megamouth sharks reported in Chinese water. Including the first female neonate megamouth shark found offshore from the coastal water of the East China Sea. A detailed biometric data and size class of megamouth in China is presented in this paper.

A new species of deep-water dogfish shark, Squalus hima sp. nov. is described herein from the Arabian Sea, off southwest India. This species has been largely misidentified with S. mitsukurii and S. lalannei. However, morphological, meristic, morphometric evidence support it to be a separate and undescribed species. Squalus hima sp. nov differs from other species by the number of precaudal vertebrae, total vertebrae, teeth count, trunk & head heights, fin structure and fin colour. The morphological, morphometric and meristic characteristics of the specimen are provided in the present paper. The new species is compared with other species in the genus occurring in Indian Ocean.

Fishing has a major impact on the biodiversity of elasmobranchs, a diverse and ancient group of fish. The illegal trade of products derived from endangered species is widespread and many times concealed by both deliberate and inadvertent mislabeling. In groups where data is sparse, such as guitarfishes, it is unknown which species are at a higher risk of extinction due to illegal trade. Brazil is currently one of the world's largest market for elasmobranch products, but it is uncertain whether the current regulatory measures are effective across all commercial sectors. Here, we applied molecular phylogenetics to identify the species sold as elasmobranchs in Rio de Janeiro. Products labeled as "shark", "ray" and "guitarfish" were sampled from fishmongers, supermarkets, restaurants and street markets (n = 221). Over 60% of the samples were derived from threatened species, reaching 90% in guitarfish and 100% in ray products. The endemic and critically endangered Pseudobatos horkelii was the only authentic guitarfish among all samples labeled as such (n = 75), all others were identified as threatened/endemic rays (Atlantoraja castelnaui, A. cyclophora) or sharks (Squatina guggenheim, S. occulta). S. guggenheim was also detected among the products labeled as "sharks" (n = 113), as were five other endangered shark species: Carcharhinus falciformis, C. signatus, Isurus oxyrhinchus, Sphyrna zygaena and S. lewini. While no mislabeling was observed in supermarkets, the prevalence was high in local trade, indicating that regulatory and awareness-raising measures must be adapted to this economically and socially important sector.

La “baba”, Caiman crocodilus crocodilus, es una especie que ha existido desde hace mas de 200 millones de años y manteniéndose sin variaciones durante el tiempo. El estudio de la morfología y las dimensiones celulares es de gran utilidad al comparar e interpretar los ...

Sphyrna gilberti is a large hammerhead shark described off South Carolina and data distribution on other regions of the Western Atlantic are unknown. An adult male with a total length of 240 cm was collected in 2021 on Campeche, Southwestern Gulf of México. The precaudal vertebral count of the examined individual was 89, and a large head and a robust caudal peduncle were observed. This study documents the first record of S. gilberti in Mexican waters.

Rumpon adalah alat bantu pengumpul ikan yang menggunakan berbagai bentuk dan jenis pengikat/atraktor dari benda padat, berfungsi untuk memikat ikan agar berkumpul, yang dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas operasi penangkapan ikan. Rumpon dasar merupakan rumpon yang ditempatkan di dasar perairan untuk mengumpulkan ikan demersal. Jika spesies ikan yang tertangkap di rumpon adalah ikan-ikan yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi, maka solusi untuk memperoleh peningkatan pendapatan dapat terwujud. Untuk itu, perlu ada penelitian terkait dengan komposisi spesies ikan yang tertangkap di area rumpon. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi ikan hasil tangkapan di daerah rumpon yang terbuat dari ban bekas. Pembuatan rumpon berbahan ban bekas dilaksanakan di Teluk Semaka, Kabupaten Tanggamus, Propinsi Lampung. Rumpon didiamkan selama 5 bulan untuk kemudian diambil data dengan cara dilakukan pemancingan di area rumpon tersebut. Spesies ikan yang tertangkap kemudian disortir berdasarkan spesies ikan dan berdasarkan berat tiap spesies ikan yang tertangkap. Hasil tangkapan terdiri dari 7 spesies ikan total jumlah tangkapan adalah 49 ekor dengan berat total 23,916 kg. Spesies ikan terbanyak adalah ikan kakap merah, yaitu 23 ekor, dan ikan dengan rata-rata berat terbesar adalah ikan kerapu yaitu rata-rata 1,673 kg per ekor.

Considerable research exists on the life history traits, evolutionary history, and environmental factors that shape the population genetic structure of marine organisms, including sharks and rays. Conservation concerns are particularly strong for this group as they are highly susceptible to anthropogenic stressors due to a combination of life history traits including late maturity and low fecundity. Here, we provide a review and synthesis of the global phylogeography of sharks and rays. We examined existing data for 40 species of sharks belonging to 17 genera and 19 species of rays belonging to 11 genera. Median joining haplotype networks were constructed for each species for the mtDNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI), and an Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) was conducted to understand patterns of genetic diversity and structure across the three major ocean basins-the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Haplotype networks showed very shallow coalescence in most species, a finding previously reported for marine teleosts. Star topologies were predominant among sharks while complex mutational topologies predominated among rays, a finding we attribute to extremely limited dispersal in the early life history of rays. Population structuring varied amongst species groups, apparently due to differences in life history traits including reproductive philopatry, site fidelity, pelagic habitat, migratory habits, and dispersal ability. In comparison to reef-associated and demersal species, pelagic and semi pelagic species showed lower levels of structure between and within ocean basins. As expected, there is variation between taxa and groups, but there are also some broad patterns that can guide management and conservation strategies.

Kajian tentang ukuran populasi ikan napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus) merupakan bagian dari upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan rawan punah. Penelitian ikan napoleon dilaksanakan di perairan karang Kabupaten Buton (2014) dan Wakatobi (2016). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi kepadatan populasi napoleon dan distribusi frekuensi panjang ikan napoleon. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dengan alat bantu GPS-ploating Kit sebagai penentu luas area sensus. Jumlah individu ikan napoleon yang ditemukan dalam satuan luas area sensus dihitung sebagai kepadatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan ikan napoleon di Buton dan Wakatobi masing-masing 0,76 dan 0,93 individu /ha. Nilai kepadatan ikan napoleon masuk kategori kritis dengan tingkat kepadatan sedang. Ukuran ikan anakan napoleon cukup banyak di Buton (26 %) dan ukuran dewasa terbanyak (100 %) dijumpai di Wakatobi, yaitu antara 30 – 50 cm. Ukuran ini termasuk dalam ukuran terlarang pan...

A female specimen of the pandarid copepod, Dinemoleus indeprensus Cressey & Boyle, 1978, was collected from the body surface of a megamouth shark, Megachasma pelagios, in Sagami Bay (the western North Pacific) off Manazuru, Kanagawa Prefecture, central Japan. This collection represents the third record of D. indeprensus from M. pelagios which is a very rare shark and the only known host.

Kemunculan hiu paus di Desa Botubarani Teluk Tomini Gorontalo menjadi fenomena langka bagi masyarakat setempat. Kegiatan pengamatan kemunculan hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) dilakukan pada bulan April dan Mei 2016 di Teluk Tomini Gorontalo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengamatan bawah air untuk mengidentifikasi hiu paus dan tingkah lakunya. Pengukuran kualitas air dan pengambilan sampel plankton dan larva dilakukan disekitar lokasi kemunculan hiu paus. Selama pengamatan ditemukan lima ekor hiu paus dengan ukuran berkisar 3-8 m. Tingkah laku hiu paus yang teramati oleh penyelam, hiu paus muncul dari kedalaman >100 m kemudian berenang berputar-putar pada kedalaman 15-20 m sesekali membuka mulutnya untuk menyaring makanan. Hasil pengamatan kualitas air disekitar lokasi kemunculan hiu paus, nilai salinitas berkisar antara 31,96-33,23 0/00, nilai oksigen terlarut berkisar 6,02-7,48 mg.l-1. Kelimpahan zooplankton tertinggi diperoleh pada pengamatan bulan April yaitu Acartia sp....

We always thought that elasmobranchs inhabit marine environments, but this is only partially true. About 5% of known elasmobranch
species are the freshwater compared to 40% of teleost species. A systematic checklist is available for Indian freshwater
elasmobranches with names and IUCN status. A total of 13 species belonging to 3 orders, 3 families and 10 genera were enlisted
from secondary data. Euryhaline and obligate species include sharks as Carcharhinus, Glyphis (Carcharhinidae),  Chiloscyllium
(Hemiscylliidae), sawfishes or Pristis (Pristidae), stingrays or Himantura (whiprays) and Pastinachus (cowtailed rays) (Dasyatidae).
We focus on distribution, feeding habits, threats and conservation. Freshwater excursions are relatively rare in extant elasmobranchs
than other groups of fish. The low growth rate is probably due to late age at maturity and low fecundity, long gestation periods, slow
growth and productivity (small, infrequent litters), high natural survivorship for all age classes and long life. Despite this, some
species of freshwater elasmobranchs can tolerate and even thrive in freshwater.
Key words: Chondrichthyans, Conservation, Gangetic shark, IUCN, Management, Rays, Skates

Pink shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) or Jinga shrimp is one of the species caught in the waters off Samboja Kuala. This catch is a valuable commodity in the market. The possibility of exploiting shrimp resources will be jeopardized in an effort to conserve, utilize, and catch high intensity shrimp. This study was conducted from September to December 2022 with the aim of determining population dynamics parameters using the frequency method from carapace length data. A mini trawl was used to collect shrimp in the waters of Samboja Kuala, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Male and female jinga shrimp have a ratio of 1:2,43. Furthermore, for male and female shrimp, the growth rate coefficient (K) was 0,580 and 14,00, respectively, and the approximated natural length (L) was 145.82 and 160.81. Pink shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) have natural mortality (M) of 1,113/year, mortality due to capture (F) of 0,516, and total mortality (Z) of 1,630, with exploitation value (E) of 0,316, indicating that they...

Rantai perdagangan dan pemanfaatan hiu dan pari di Balikpapan sangat kompleks dan melibatkan banyak pihak. Tujuandari penelitian adalah memberikan informasi mengenai jejaring pemanfaatan hiu dan pari di Balikpapan sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar dalam pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari hingga Desember 2017 di sentra pendaratan ikan di Balikpapan meliputi Manggar dan Kampung Baru.Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer melaluikegiatan penerbitan rekomendasi lalu lintas perdagangan hiu dan pari di Balikpapan. Tercatat sebanyak 19 orang pelaku usaha yang terdiri dari pengepul daging, pengepul sirip, pengepul kulit, pengepul hiu hidup, dan pedagang hiu dan pari untuk konsumsi lokal. Pemanfaatan hiu dan pari dibedakan menjadi beberapa jenis produk yaitu sirip hiu dan pari, daging basah untuk hiu dan pari baik utuh maupun potongan, kulit hiu dan pari kering, hiu hidup dan moncong pari. Terdata 34 kapal dengan ukuran 2-45 GT yang beroperasi dalam kegiatan penangkapan hiu dan pari di Balikpapan.Total pemanfaatan hiu dan pari di Balikpapan dari Januari hingga Desember 2017 sebanyak 178.581,9 kg, dimana sekitar 97,33% (173.806,5 kg) diperdagangkan ke luar kota Balikpapan dan sebesar 2,67% (4.775,37 kg) merupakan konsumsi lokal. Komoditas hiu dan pari memberikan nilai kontribusi yang signifikan kepada setiap pihak-pihak yang terlibat didalamnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam menerapkan langkah-langkah pengelolaan hiu dan pari di Indonesia.

Information on fisheries resources in East Malaysia is scarce and poorly known. The current review aims to compile a checklist of fisheries resources in the Northwest Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia) from available published literature, address the resources' present status, and suggest future monitoring needs for selected critical species. The study also aims to determine several Sarawak land-use issues that are in flux and responsible for habitat degradation. Five hundred sixty-four species belonging to 123 families and 32 orders were recorded from Sarawak waters. Freshwater fish species comprised 48.0% of the total, followed by a marine (36.6%), marine-euryhaline (12.9%), and brackish water (2.5%) species. Of this, Cyprinidae was the most dominant group accounting for the greatest number of species (82 species), followed by Balitoridae (34 species), Bagridae (21 species) and Penaeidae (21 species). Therefore, available fisheries resources should be managed carefully as 48 species (...

White Spotted Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus australiae) is one of the member Elasmobranch family which is categorized as an endangered species. The R. australiae is the main target by fishers in Tanjung Luar and Maringkik Island. This study was aimed to analyze ecobiological aspect and to estimate economical incentive value of R. australiae fisheries in Tanjung Luar. The Total of 616 samples were collected from Tanjung Luar Fishing Port from 2017-2021, consisting of 64 males and 552 females. Total 150 fisher respondents from Tanjung Luar and Maringkik Island were interviewed. R-Studio software was used to estimate the ecobiological aspects based on life history parameters. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) were used to estimate economical incentive. The result show that the average length of R. australiae was 213,12 ± 2,63 (cmTL) which is accordance with the regulation. However, the sample of R. australiae was dominated by immature size fish. The growt...

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September sampai Desember 2016 di Kampung Kwatisore, Papua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kemunculan hiu paus ( Rhincodon typus ) berdasarkan keberadaan bagan dan paradigma (kepercayaan) masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu  observasi. Observasi dilakukan terhadap setiap hiu paus ( R.typus ) yang muncul di sekitar bagan nelayan yang sedang melakukan operasi penangkapan ikan. Pengamatan dilakukan mulai pukul 07.00-18.00 WIT selama penelitian untuk melihat kemunculan hiu paus secara langsung. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap beberapa masyarakat (responden kunci) untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kemunculan hiu paus yang berkaitan dengan paradigma (kepercayaan) masyarakat, sehingga dijadikan suatu kearifan lokal oleh masyarakat kampung Kwatisore. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif, yaitu ditampilkan dalam bentuk gambar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bagan yang melakukan aktivitas penangkapan d...

Shark hunting in Indonesia is increasing, making the government make several efforts to respond to this phenomenon. One of the efforts made by the government is to ratify CITES both in its legal products and policies. This study aims to determine the extent of the government's role in protecting sharks in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive type of using the concept of compliance approach by Robert B. Mitchell. The results of this study found that the government's role in protecting sharks in Indonesia is still not optimal. The government still has not met the targets expected by CITES. Therefore, Indonesia's level of compliance with the IEA is classified as Coincidental Compliance.

A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was fitted to blue shark, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758), CPUE data (shark numbers per 100 hooks) from tuna longliners based in São Paulo State, Brazil, between 1998 and 2006, with the aim to observe their relationship with environmental, spatial and temporal information. GAM model accounted for 42% of the variance in nominal CPUE. Stepwise GAM revealed the relative importance of eight variables by decreasing magnitude, namely latitude, year, month, longitude, chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature, wind speed and ocean depth. Spatial and temporal factors accounted for 91.5% of the cumulative deviation explained by the model, while environmental factors responded for only 8.5%. The highest blue shark relative abundance was observed between January and June, with a peak in April. It increased southeastward, below 20°C, between 1,500 and 4,000 meters depth. Chlorophyll-a showed highest CPUE values between 0.35 and 0.90 mg.m-3. Wind speed presented a positive effect on catch rate up to 2 m.s-1 , followed by a steep decline. Standardized yearly CPUE trend was stable, with two peaks, one in 2001 and another in 2006. Both were followed by a high variance.

A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was fitted to blue shark, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758), CPUE data (shark numbers per 100 hooks) from tuna longliners based in São Paulo State, Brazil, between 1998 and 2006, with the aim to observe their relationship with environmental, spatial and temporal information. GAM model accounted for 42% of the variance in nominal CPUE. Stepwise GAM revealed the relative importance of eight variables by decreasing magnitude, namely latitude, year, month, longitude, chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature, wind speed and ocean depth. Spatial and temporal factors accounted for 91.5% of the cumulative deviation explained by the model, while environmental factors responded for only 8.5%. The highest blue shark relative abundance was observed between January and June, with a peak in April. It increased southeastward, below 20°C, between 1,500 and 4,000 meters depth. Chlorophyll-a showed highest CPUE values between 0.35 and 0.90 mg.m-3. Wind speed presented a positive effect on catch rate up to 2 m.s-1 , followed by a steep decline. Standardized yearly CPUE trend was stable, with two peaks, one in 2001 and another in 2006. Both were followed by a high variance.

Blue shark (Prionace glauca) is amongst the most abundant shark species in international trade, however this highly migratory species has little effective management and the need for spatio-temporal strategies increases, possibly involving the most vulnerable stage or sex classes. We combined 265,595 blue shark observations (capture or satellite tag) with environmental data to present the first global-scale analysis of species’ habitat preferences for five size and sex classes (small juveniles, large juvenile males and females, adult males and females). We leveraged the understanding of blue shark biotic environmental associations to develop two indicators of foraging location: productivity fronts in mesotrophic areas and mesopelagic micronekton in oligotrophic environments. Temperature (at surface and mixed layer depth plus 100 m) and sea surface height anomaly were used to exclude unsuitable abiotic environments. To capture the horizontal and vertical extent of thermal habitat for...

Sphyrna gilberti is a large hammerhead shark described off South Carolina and data distribution on other regions of the Western Atlantic are unknown. An adult male with a total length of 240 cm was collected in 2021 on Campeche, Southwestern Gulf of México. The precaudal vertebral count of the examined individual was 89, and a large head and a robust caudal peduncle were observed. This study documents the first record of S. gilberti in Mexican waters.

A study to determine morphological characets of freshwater stingray in Musi River of South Sumatra Province has been conducted from June to December 2020. The fishes were collected in Musi River where located at middle of Palembang city. Collected specimens were preserved to

The increasing of human activities in Jakarta and surrounding areas will contribute to environmental metal pollution at Kepulauan Seribu waters. As a group of small islands reefs, the Kepulauan seribu are potentially affected and is feared to disrupt the life of these reefs. The aim of research is to know how far the concentration of Pb and Cd can be recorded on the skeleton so that the coral reefs can provide a pollution description in the waters of the Kepulauan Seribu. This research used Porites stephensoni massive coral samples that obtained from waters around Bokor, Tikus, and Tidung Island of Kepulauan Seribu, North Jakarta. Analysis of Pb and Cd using atomic absorption spectrophotometer at wavelength 283 and 228 nm, and the circumference of the year was done to determine the approximate age of the coral reefs, before. The results showed that the massive coral of Porites stephensoni each of which is expected to form in 1979, 1951, and 1972 is able to record a number of Pb and Cd metals. The ability of the massive coral Porites stephensoni record Pb and Cd showed that it have potential as a bioindicator of metal pollutants in the waters. Trend of the increasing Pb and Cd in the upper 2000s allegedly associated conditions Thousand Islands waters are getting worse, but have not seen the influence of Pb and Cd on the growth of coral Porites stephensoni significantly.

The competitive exclusion principle establishes that the coexistence of closely related species requires a certain degree of resource partitioning. However, populations have individuals with different morphological or behavioral traits (e.g., maturity stages, sexes, temporal or spatial segregation). This interaction often results in a multi-level differentiation in food preferences and habits. We explored such resource partitioning between and within three batoid species: Hypanus dipterurus, Narcine entemedor, and Rhinoptera steindachneri in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico, using a combination of stomach content (excluding R. steindachneri) and stable isotope analyses. We found a clear differentiation between H. dipterurus and N. entemedor, where the latter exhibited more benthic habitats, supported by a greater association to infaunal prey and higher δ13C values. Though the degree and patterns of intra-specific segregation varied among species, there was a notable different...

To investigate the diversity, distribution, and utilization of orchid, a study was conducted in Bodogol forest of Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGP). Around 82 species of 41 genera of orchids were identified in this area which consisted of 58 species of epiphytes orchids and 24 species of terrestrial orchids. The genera of Agrostophyllum, Dendrobium, and Eria were the most commonly found orchid in this area. Distribution of orchid species varied from India to Pacific islands, including Japan. Among recognized six endemic orchid species of Java island, two new records of orchids at GPNP were determined, i.e. Neuwiedia veratifolia and N. zollingeri var. javanica. In general, the orchids in Bodogol forest have not been economic commodities priority yet, but several species were potential to be developed for utilization.

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Pendugaan pertama matang kelamin dan pertumbuhan alometri ikan cakalang, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758), yang didaratkan di Pulau Ternate Skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758), is a very important species for Indonesian fisheries.  A total of 462 specimens (254 males and 208 females) collected from fish landings in Ternate Island from November 2013 to April 2014 were used to estimate length at first sexual maturity, length-weight relationship, and length-head circumference relationship. The length at first sexual maturity (FL50) was 489.68 mm. The length-weight relationship equations were  W = 0.0001*FL2.7232 for males and W = 0.0002*FL2.6595 for females, respectively. Student’s t-test indicated significant deviation of ‘b’ from ‘3’ towards negative allometric growth (p< 0.05).  The length-head circumference relationship equations were HC = 0.5453*FL1.0263for males and HC = 0.6519*FL0.9985for females, respectively. Student’s t-test indi...

ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia yang memiliki sumber daya laut yang melimpah. Sumber daya laut tersebut mencakup 37% spesies ikan di dunia. Salah satu spesies ikan yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah Hiu. Hiu merupakan satu dari banyaknya jenis ikan di dunia yang memiliki tulang rawan. Data Badan Pangan Dunia (FAO) menunjukan bahwa Indonesia adalah negara penangkap hiu terbesar di dunia. Rata-rata produksi tahunan Indonesia yang dilaporkan dari tahun 2000-2011 mencapai 106.000 ton atau setara 13% dari total tangkapan dunia. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) adalah organisasi non pemerintah yang menangani masalah-masalah tentang konservasi, penelitian dan restorasi lingkungan. WWF merupakan salah satu organisasi yang peduli terhadap ancaman terhadap hiu akibat perburuan. Untuk mengatasi perburuan hiu di Indonesia, WWF mengeluarkan kampanye #SOSharks (Save Our Sharks) selain itu WWF bersama Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan mengeluarkan Simposium Hi...

Blue shark (Prionace glauca) is amongst the most abundant shark species in international trade, however this highly migratory species has little effective management and the need for spatio-temporal strategies increases, possibly involving the most vulnerable stage or sex classes. We combined 265,595 blue shark observations (capture or satellite tag) with environmental data to present the first global-scale analysis of species’ habitat preferences for five size and sex classes (small juveniles, large juvenile males and females, adult males and females). We leveraged the understanding of blue shark biotic environmental associations to develop two indicators of foraging location: productivity fronts in mesotrophic areas and mesopelagic micronekton in oligotrophic environments. Temperature (at surface and mixed layer depth plus 100 m) and sea surface height anomaly were used to exclude unsuitable abiotic environments. To capture the horizontal and vertical extent of thermal habitat for...