Side Lobe Suppression

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Side lobe suppression refers to techniques used in signal processing and antenna design to reduce the intensity of side lobes in radiation patterns. This is crucial for enhancing the main lobe's directionality and minimizing interference from unwanted signals, thereby improving overall system performance and accuracy in applications such as radar and communication systems.

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Key research themes

1. How can adaptive beamforming algorithms be improved to suppress sidelobe levels while maintaining main lobe direction and null placement?

This research area focuses on enhancing adaptive beamforming (ABF) techniques to not only steer the main lobe towards the desired signal and place nulls towards interference signals but also to suppress sidelobe levels (SLL). Reducing SLL makes beamformers less susceptible to unpredicted interference, improving signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and power efficiency. The challenge lies in designing computationally efficient iterative algorithms that adaptively identify and suppress the strongest side lobes without introducing excessive computational complexity.

Adaptive Beamforming With Sidelobe Suppression by Placing Extra Radiation Pattern Nulls

by Pavlos Lazaridis

2023, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Key finding: This study proposes an iterative ABF algorithm that dynamically identifies the peak highest side lobe direction and treats it as a hypothetical interference signal direction, placing additional nulls accordingly. The... Read more

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2. How do steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) induced by rhythmic visual stimulation affect left-right attentional asymmetry?

This theme investigates the functional impact of rhythmic visual stimulation (RVS) generating SSVEPs on visuospatial selective attention and hemispheric asymmetry (functional cerebral asymmetry, FCA). While SSVEPs are often used as neutral biomarkers, recent work suggests neural entrainment from RVS can modulate brain function and cognitive processes. Understanding how SSVEP frequency influences attentional asymmetries and neural electrophysiological markers informs both fundamental neuroscience and application in brain-computer interfaces.

Modulation of rhythmic visual stimulation on left–right attentional asymmetry

by Tzyy-Ping Jung

2024, Frontiers in Neuroscience

Key finding: Using a novel lateralized visual discrimination paradigm with EEG, this study found that target discrimination accuracy and reaction time vary significantly across RVS frequencies (0, 10, 15, 40 Hz). Specifically, 40 Hz... Read more

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3. What are the functional consequences of prismatic adaptation on hemispheric dominance and attentional spatial representations across sensory modalities?

Research in this domain explores how prismatic adaptation (PA)—a visuo-motor training involving rightward prism shifts—affects hemispheric dominance for spatial attention, modulating neural representations in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Studies focus on both visual and auditory spatial processing, investigating supramodal changes and implications for rehabilitation of neglect, with attention to how PA reshapes bilateral IPL activation patterns during spatial tasks.

Supramodal effect of rightward prismatic adaptation on spatial representations within the ventral attentional system

by Isabel Tissieres

2018

Key finding: This fMRI study showed that a brief session of rightward prismatic adaptation (R-PA) modulates spatial representation patterns in the left and right inferior parietal lobules (IPL) across both auditory and visual modalities... Read more

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All papers in Side Lobe Suppression

Uniformly Spaced Planar Antenna Array Optimization Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

by Sai Krishna Charan

2025, Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT )

In this modern era a great deal of metamorphism is observed around us which eventuate due to some minute modifications and innovations in the area of Science and Technology. This paper deals with the application of a meta heuristic... more

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Nature-inspired cuckoo search algorithm for side lobe suppression in a symmetric linear antenna array

by Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani

2025

In this paper, we proposed a newly modified cuckoo search (MCS) algorithm integrated with the Roulette wheel selection operator and the inertia weight controlling the search ability towards synthesizing symmetric linear array geometry... more

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Uniformly Spaced Planar Antenna Array Optimization Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

by Sai Charan

2023, Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT )

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Adaptive Beamforming With Sidelobe Suppression by Placing Extra Radiation Pattern Nulls

by Pavlos Lazaridis

2023, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

A new iterative adaptive beamforming (ABF) algorithm based on conventional beamformers is proposed, in order not only to steer the main lobe towards a desired signal and place radiation pattern nulls towards respective interference... more

It is well known that a linear array composed of M ideal sources uniformly spaced at distance d = 1/2 can produce M—1 nulls. In this study, we consider one DIS with AoA 4 and two UISs with respective AoA 6; and 62. By requesting two nulls respectively at 0; and 62, we are left with /—3 available nulls (i.e., M—3 hypothetical UISs). Therefore, in our study, where M = 30, the proposed algorithm must come to a conclusion at M-3 = 27 iterations at most (i.e., 27 more nulls can be placed), otherwise it is terminated regardless of whether the desired SLL has been achieved or not. The proposed algorithm is summarized in the flowchart of Fig. 2. The application of every ABF technique always results in complex-valued weights (i.e., weights with amplitudes and phases). The proposed algorithm also results in complex- valued weights, because the algorithm employs an ABF technique in each iteration. Therefore, a significant problem arises concerning the feasibility of complex weights in reality. If the antenna array, utilized by the ABF technique or the proposed algorithm, operates in reception mode, then the implementation of complex weights and the calculation of the respective radiation pattern are easy tasks, because they are just algorithmic procedures performed by a high complexity processing unit (e.g., a multi-core CPU or GPU). Such

are, respectively, a row vector that contains the K samples of the b-th sample block of incoming signal s,, and the UIS sample matrix constructed by the row vectors that correspond to all UISs. Also,

If we use blocks of K time samples (k=1,...,K), the input signals xm (m=1,...,/4) can be expressed by an MxK input signal matrix given as follows: Fig. 1. Adaptive beamformer block diagram.

Fig. 7. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional SMI technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the SMI technique, for 0) = 30°, 0, = 22° and 02= 38° (40 = 8°). Fig. 6. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional SMI technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the SMI technique, for 09 = 30°, 6; = 24° and 62= 36° (40 = 6°).

a AVERAGE DEVIATION OF MAIN LOBE AND NULLS DIRECTIONS BEFORE AND AFTER THE APPLICATION OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM, FOR 500 SAMPLES PER BLOCK AND SNR=5dB

Fig. 10. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional RLS technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the RLS technique, for 09 = 30°, 6, = 22° and 6)= 38° (40 = 8°). Fig. 9. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional RLS technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the RLS technique, for 6)= 30°, 0 = 24° and @)= 36° (48 = 6°).

af aaeaa A AVERAGE DEVIATION OF MAIN LOBE AND NULLS DIRECTIONS BEFORE AND AFTER THE APPLICATION OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM, FOR 100 SAMPLES PER BLOCK AND SNR=5dB

Fig. 11. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional RLS technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the RLS technique, for 6)= 30°, 6; = 20° and @= 40° (48 = 10°).

Fig. 8. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional SMI technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the SMI technique, for 0)7= 30°, @; = 20° and @)= 40° (40 = 10°).

MEAN VALUE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE SLL (BEFORE AND AFTER THE APPLICATION OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM), AND MEAN VALUE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE NUMBER OF ITERATIONS OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM, FOR 500 SAMPLES PER BLOCK AND SNR=5dB

Fig. 5. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional MVDR technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the MVDR technique, for 6)= 30°, 6:= 20° and 62= 40° (4@ = 10°).

Fig. 3. Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional MVDR technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the MVDR technique, for 6)= 30°, 0; = 24° and 02= 36° (40 = 6°).

Fig. 4. | Normalized radiation patterns produced, respectively, by the conventional MVDR technique, and the proposed algorithm which employs the MVDR technique, for 69= 30°, 6; = 22° and @2= 38° (40 = 8°).

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Uniformly Spaced Planar Antenna Array Optimization Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

by A. Charan

2022, Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT )

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Web Document Clustering by Using PSO-Based Cuckoo Search Clustering Algorithm

by moe moe zaw

2022, Studies in Computational Intelligence

The World Wide Web serves as a huge widely distributed global information service center. The tremendous amount of information on the web is improving day by day. So, the process of finding the relevant information on the web is a major... more

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Adaptive Uniform Circular Array Synthesis Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

by kadiyam sridevi

2022, Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications

Naturally suited array geometry for 360˚ coverage is the uniform circular array (UCA). A comparison of two types of uniform circular array configurations is presented in this paper. Due to its symmetrical geometry UCA is always targeted... more

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Cuckoo search algorithm for speech recognition

by Madhumita Dash

2022, 2015 International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication (IEMCON)

Cuckoo search is one of the recent optimization algorithms in the league of nature based algorithm whose results are better than the PSO and ACO optimization algorithms. This paper is based on Cuckoo Search or Cuckoo Algorithm. Cuckoo... more

Fig.l Flow Chart of Cuckoo Search Algorithm

The system was tested for stored voices and then for voice input in real time. After the implementation it is very clear that a speaker is recognized only if his voice sample is already present in the database. As per the following snapshot, the maximum value is 9.54, so the voice will be matched with the third voice sample.

Fig. 2 Flow chart for Process of Speaker Recognition

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A Quantized Invasive Weed Optimization Based Antenna Array Synthesis with Digital Phase Control

by bhau bhau

2022, Swarm, Evolutionary, and …

The design of antenna arrays aims at minimizing side-lobe levels far as practicable. So a major concern of designer is to optimize the side lobes to increase directivity, gain, and efficiency. Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) is a... more

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Hybridization of Strength Pareto Multiobjective Optimization with Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Rectangular Array

by Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani

2021, Scientific Reports

This research proposes the various versions of modified cuckoo search (MCS) metaheuristic algorithm deploying the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) multiobjective (MO) optimization technique in rectangular array geometry... more

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