Stategic Management

Water supply remains a major developmental challenge in rural communities across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria where millions of households lack access to safe and reliable drinking water (World Health Organization & UNICEF, 2023; Sojobi et al., 2014). This research was conducted in Gombi Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach with 382 randomly selected respondents across five communities (Ga-anda, Garkida, Gombi South, Gombi North, and Fotta), data were collected through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and personal observations. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to identify and quantify factors affecting water supply. The results revealed four principal factors: water supply facilities (19.3%), climatic conditions (17.9%), groundwater availability/location (20.2%), and human activities including population growth (20.3%). The KMO measure (0.762) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ²=3190.94, p<0.001) confirmed the adequacy of the factor analysis. The regression model demonstrated strong predictive power (R²=0.788, F (4,377) =350.138, p<0.001), explaining approximately 79% of the variation in water supply. The study concludes that addressing water supply challenges requires integrated interventions targeting infrastructure development, climate adaptation strategies, groundwater exploration based on topographical considerations, and sustainable population and land use planning (Joshua et al., 2023; Federal Ministry of Water Resources, 2023).

Investment in energy transition projects is an effective way to promote sustainable economic growth. Although the sector has strong potential and receives policy support in many countries, projects in developing economies have not yet attracted sufficient investment. This study examines the determinants of policy effectiveness in attracting investment for energy transition projects in Vietnam. The study uses a survey of 296 stakeholders involved in renewable energy projects and applies exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling to process and analyze the data. The results show that infrastructure and administrative and governance capacity have positive and statistically significant effects on investment attraction. The findings contribute to the theoretical basis of factors that influence the effectiveness of policies to attract investment for the energy transition and provide practical implications to mobilize private capital in the near future.

This study investigates the effectiveness of state management of green credit in Vietnam's commercial banks through a structural model based on survey data from 335 respondents. The findings reveal that all factors positively influence management effectiveness, with the data system having the most substantial impact, followed by inspection and supervision mechanisms, and the institutional and legal framework. Meanwhile, international standards, strategic commitment to green credit, and appraisal governance capacity show more minor yet positive effects. The results highlight the importance of enhancing data infrastructure, improving supervision quality, and consolidating institutional coordination to strengthen policy implementation and promote sustainable finance in Vietnam.

The introduction of County Governments in Kenya in 2013 brought high expectations for improved strategy implementation and enhanced performance. However, since their inception, many counties underperformed, raising concerns among citizens and stakeholders. This study examined the influence of strategic direction on performance of Kenya's devolved counties. The study was grounded on Strategic Leadership Theory and adopted a positivist philosophy and a correlation descriptive survey approach. Research was conducted in five counties, Kajiado, Nairobi, Machakos, Kiambu, and Murang'a, with a sample size of 399 participants. Data collection was through surveys and interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27, employing descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. The study established that strategic direction had strong and positive correlation with performance (r = .760), indicating that a clear, wellcommunicated vision and goals are critical for driving development outcomes. The regression analysis reveals a strong and statistically significant relationship between strategic direction and the performance of devolved counties in Kenya. The study concluded that strategic direction is the most influential factor in driving the performance of devolved counties in Kenya. The study recommended that county managers should prioritize clear strategic direction by setting well-defined visions, goals, and adaptive plans tailored to local contexts.

The establishment of county governments in Kenya was expected to decentralize governance and improve service delivery. However, performance has remained below expectations, with persistent issues such as corruption, delayed payments, and poor utilization of development funds. Technology adoption has been identified as a potential solution to improve transparency, efficiency, and accountability in county operations. This study examined the influence of technology adoption on performance of Kenya's devolved counties. The theoretical foundation of the study on the influence of technology adoption on performance of devolved counties was the Technology Adoption Model (TAM). The study adopted a positivist philosophy and a correlation descriptive survey approach. Research was conducted in five counties, Kajiado, Nairobi, Machakos, Kiambu, and Murang'a, with a sample size of 399 participants. Data collection was through surveys and interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27, employing descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. The findings revealed that technology adoption had strong and positive correlation with performance (r = .757), suggesting that digital systems and innovations significantly enhance service delivery, transparency, and efficiency. The regression results indicated presence of strong and statistically significant relationship between technology adoption and the performance of devolved counties in Kenya. The study concluded that technology adoption significantly influences the performance of devolved governments in Kenya by enhancing service delivery, transparency, and operational efficiency. The study recommended that Kenya's devolved governments should invest strategically in digital technologies to improve service delivery, transparency, and efficiency.

Digital transformation is fundamentally reshaping the state management model toward data-driven governance, system integration and risk-informed decision-making. In the field of fire prevention, firefighting and rescue operations (FPFR), digital transformation is not limited to digitizing administrative procedures; it is a comprehensive restructuring of management methods across the entire cycle-from prevention and inspection to incident command and control during fires, explosions, accidents, and emergencies, as well as post-incident review and lessons learned. This paper analyzes the current situation of applying information and communications technology (ICT) and digital transformation in state management of FPFR in Viet Nam and identifies key gaps relative to international benchmarks-particularly in data governance, system interoperability, and fire risk assessment. Drawing on international experience and standards on incident management and risk management, the paper proposes a digital transformation approach oriented toward data-driven risk governance, with a view to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of FPFR in the current development context.

Background: This empirical study explores how football club sale decisions, made under financial duress, reflect tensions between profitability, utility maximisation and principles of social entrepreneurship, among fans. Aim: This study investigates whether football managers, acting as social entrepreneurs, prioritise social utility and community impact over narrow profit and how such decisions affect fan behaviour and psychological health. Setting: The setting is in Durban and focuses on a professional football club with a fan base of 100,000 individuals. Methods: This study uses a mixed-methods approach that combines surveys from 384 quantitative fans with qualitative interviews from 12 managers and four sponsors to analyse emotional, behavioural and managerial dimensions was used. Results: The study reveals a significant disconnect between managers and fans, leading to psychological ramifications for supporters. The emotional distress experienced can be attributed to the lack of understanding and empathy exhibited by managers who prioritise financial gain. The findings suggest that fans subjected to such treatment become vagabonds, (i.e.) without a true football home, which limits their ability to experience and express joy. Unfortunately, these critical aspects are overlooked, adversely affecting fans' overall well-being, domestic life and psychological health. Conclusion: The research underscores the importance of collective and inclusive management, providing a framework that enhances sustainability. It highlights the impact of poorly managed social entrepreneurship initiatives, which can uproot communities if not carefully considered. Contribution: The study contributes to literature of the under-researched professional football league. This context has received limited attention, presenting an opportunity that addresses knowledge gap between football and entrepreneurship.

Rad analizira ekonomske obrasce koji se ponavljaju u Crnoj Gori uoči 2026. godine, sa fokusom na državni dug, budžetsku potrošnju i inflaciju kao mehanizme održavanja privida stabilnosti. Autor tvrdi da je dug postao politički i narativni instrument, a ne razvojni alat, dok turizam i uvoz prikrivaju duboku strukturnu slabost realne ekonomije. Inflacija se opisuje kao tihi porez koji statistički uvećava rast, ali umanjuje realnu kupovnu moć. Posebno se kritikuje prebacivanje krivice na trgovačke lance umjesto na fiskalnu i razvojnu politiku države. Zaključno, ističe se da 2026. zahtijeva fiskalni realizam, produktivnost i odustajanje od iluzija kao preduslov održivog razvoja.
The paper examines recurring economic patterns in Montenegro ahead of 2026, focusing on public debt, budgetary spending, and inflation as tools for sustaining an illusion of stability. Public debt is portrayed not as a developmental instrument but as a political narrative, while tourism and imports conceal the weakness of the real economy. Inflation is analyzed as a silent tax that inflates nominal growth figures while eroding real purchasing power. The author criticizes the tendency to blame retail chains instead of addressing structural and fiscal policy failures. The paper concludes that 2026 requires fiscal realism, higher productivity, and the abandonment of economic illusions in order to achieve sustainable development.

Pada sesi ini mahasiswa akan diberikan beberapa studi kasus untuk dianalisis. Jawablah pertanyaan pada studi kasus ini dengan baik dan kaitkan dengan realitas pada situasi perusahaan anda. Studi kasus disajikan dalam Bahasa inggris dan dijawab dengan Bahasa Indonesia. Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan studi kasus, ada yang harus dilakukan dengan rincian sebagai berikut: 1. Jelaskan konteks masalah yang ada pada studi kasus tersebut disertai dengan pendekatan konseptual apa yang harus digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dialami oleh perusahaan. 2. Kaitkan studi kasus ini pada realita perusahaan anda dan berikan rekomendasi untuk penyelesaian studi kasus tersebut. Jawaban diupload ke Edlink paling lambat, Minggu 16 November, 23.59 WIB. Selamat mengerjakan. Friendly Financial Works is a fictional provider that sells accounting, payroll, and financial services to small businesses. The company uses an integrated software platform to help small businesses better manage their financial assets. Based on the assumption that small business owners often lack the expertise and time to manage financial assets effectively, Friendly Financial seeks to provide a relatively inexpensive "one-stop-solution" for financial planning and control. Friendly Financial's business model calls for providing services at the lowest cost rather than giving customized service to each client. To be successful, Friendly Financial needs to lower its costs by continually increasing the number of small businesses that use its services. The success of Friendly Financial thus depends largely on its sales force. The sales force is divided into geographic territories, with a territory manager having exclusive responsibility for all sales activity within a specific area. Territories are organized into sales districts. The average number of territories in each district is 20. Each district is led by a district sales manager who oversees all personnel activities, such as hiring and training, in the territories within his or her district. Territory managers are paid on a commission basis. They generate most of their sales by cold calling on potential businesses. A typical day consists of 10 to 15 unannounced visits to small businesses. The territory manager seeks an appointment with the owner or manager of each firm he or she visits. When an appointment is granted, the territory manager makes a presentation and tries to develop a contract between the small business and Friendly Financial. As with most unannounced sales calls, a large majority of visits end without a contract to provide services. A major concern for Friendly Financial Works is identifying and keeping enough territory managers. The turnover rate is approximately 200 percent each year. This means that a district sales manager must usually hire about 40 new employees in a give n year. In most cases, when a job vacancy occurs, the district sales manager travels to the sales territory to begin recruiting. The district sales manager places an advertisement in the local newspaper and includes a telephone number for potential recruits to call. The manager then spends three to four days at a local hotel a nswering phone inquiries and conducting interviews. The territory manager position is usually offered to the best available candidate on the final day that the district sales manager is in the territory. District sales managers pride themselves on being able to land the sales representatives they like best. Many district sales managers boast that they can sell anything to anybody, and this is how they approach employee recruiting activities. Because they are talented sales representatives, district sales managers generally do a great job of touting the benefits of the position. QUESTIONS 1. What aspects of the recruiting process increase the likelihood that territory managers will leave once they have been hired? 2. Should Friendly Financial use other methods to recruit territory managers? Which methods? 3. Is the recruiting process at Friendly Financial efficient? What are some things that might be done to reduce recruiting costs? Case Studi II Outback Steakhouse Outback Steakhouse, Inc., now a $3.25 billion company with 65,000 employees and 1,100 restaurants worldwide, began modestly in the spring of 1988. A key to making Outback a great place to work is hiring the right people. One of the things we recognized early on is that you cannot send turkeys to eagle s chool: Smart leaders do not hire marginal employees and expect them to be able to keep the commitments of the company to customers or to remain very long with the company. If you start with the right people and provide a positive employee experience, turnover stays low. Thus, a rigorous employee selection process was developed in the early years of the company that is rooted in the Principles and Beliefs. Outback's selection process for hourly and management Outbackers is proprietary; however, we can share some of the details here about the steps involved in the hiring process: • All applicants are given a realistic job preview that shares both the benefits and the responsibilities of working for Outback. We explain to applicants that being an Outbacker means taking care of others, and we tell them how they will be held accountable for that. • We share a document, called a Dimension of Performance, which provides detailed examples of the kinds of behavior expected of Outbackers and how those behaviors are tied to the vision of Outback. This is a candidate's first exposure to our vision. (At this point, some candidates have withdrawn from the process because these dimensions set a very high standard.) • When candidates agree to move forward in the process, they are asked to complete an application. The information they provide is reviewed with an eye toward determining if the candidate can perform the job, fit into the Outback culture, and stay with the company. • Successful applicants are assessed for their cognitive ability, personality, and judgment thro ugh a series of tests that have been validated against existing Outbackers who have been successful in the company. • Applicants who pass these tests are interviewed using questions that probe not only their experience but also their orientation toward aspects of the Outback culture, including service mindedness, hospitality, teamwork, and ability to think on their feet. QUESTIONS 1. How do the employee selection methods at Outback Steakhouse help achieve competitive advantage? 2. How important is organization fit for Outback Steakhouse? 3. Why does Outback Steakhouse order the selection methods such that applicants first complete an application, then complete tests, and then participate in an interview? 4. Why do you think these selection methods are valid? Mountain Bank is located in the northwest United States. The bank has four major business lines: retail banking, consumer len ding, real estate and mortgage banking, and corporate banking. Traditionally, Mountain Bank has had a strong presence in the retail banking line, with only a limited presence in the other lines. However, deregulation in the banking industry has led to mergers and acquisitions for Mountain Bank, as well as for several of its competitors. Retail banking includes traditional banking activities such as providing checking and savings accounts. Mountain Bank currently has about 50 percent of the market for retail accounts in its area. Often, however, these accounts are not very profitable. Consumer lending encompasses a variety of secured and unsecured consumer loans, such as home equity lines of credit, automobile loans, boat loans, and card lines of credit. Mountain Bank currently has about 25 percent of this market. Real estate and mortgage banking involves obtaining and servicing home mortgage loans, which are seen as a stable form of income for most banks. Mountain Bank currently has less than 10 percent of this market. Corporate banking provides services to businesses. Corporate clients are provided with a wide variety of basic services, as well as financing for equipment acquisitions and plant expansions. These services are often seen as very profitable. However, Mountain Bank has a very small presence in the corporate market-less than 5 percent of the market, according to current estimates. Mountain Bank has established a strategy of leveraging its strong retail banking presence into gains in the real estate and c orporate areas. Past experience suggests that one of the best methods for achieving this leverage is cross-selling, which occurs when tellers and customer service representatives convince customers with retail accounts to open corporate accounts or to obtain home mortgages from Mountain Bank. Recent studies have found that bank tellers are critical to the success of Mountain Bank. In fact, one study found that customers' experiences with tellers is the single most i mportant driver of customer satisfaction. After all, a bank teller is often the only person an individual customer has contact with when visiting a bank branch. Although fewer tellers are needed every year due to technological improvements, tellers are still the heart and soul of a bank. A typical branch of Mountain Bank has three to seven tellers, depending on size and location. Floating tellers (part-timers) are also used to increase the staff during lunch hours and pay days. Mountain Bank has traditionally approached the teller position as a low-paying, entry-level position. Tellers are frequently part-time employees. Turnover is quite high, and successful tellers are often transferred to customer service positions. Job: Bank Teller Pay: $14 per hour Job Description Receives and pays out money and keeps records of money and negotiable instruments involved in financial transactions. Receives checks and cash for deposit, verifies amount, and examines checks for endorsements. Cashes checks and pays out money after verification of...

This study aimed to develop a learning management approach for social studies using problembased and community-based learning to enhance 21st-century skills among students in small schools. In addition, it sought to examine the satisfaction of teachers and students using this innovative learning approach. The research sample consisted of Grade 6 social study teachers. A questionnaire for basic information, an evaluation of how well the problem-based and community-based learning approaches in social studies were aligned, and a satisfaction survey for the instructional guide were used as research tools. We analysed the data using the mean, standard deviation, and concordance. The findings revealed the following: (1) We developed even learning management approaches for social studies using problem-based and community-based learning to enhance 21st-century skills among students in small schools. Experts evaluated all the developed approaches and found them to be highly appropriate, with an average rating of 5.00 and a standard deviation of 0.00. (2) Overall, teachers and students expressed high satisfaction with the developed learning-management approach. Teachers and students expressed the highest satisfaction with learning activities, followed by content, learning resources, and assessment and evaluation. Moreover, the developed learning management approach effectively promoted 21stcentury skills among students in small schools, particularly in the areas of life and career skills; learning and innovation skills; and information, media, and technology skills. Future research should expand the sample to include diverse school settings, and examine how digital tools and online platforms can support the scalability and accessibility of the model.

This study investigates Business Model Innovation (BMI) as a critical determinant of competitive advantage in the English Premier League (EPL) from 2015 to 2025. Drawing on financial data, strategic initiative documentation, media analysis, and academic literature, the research employs a comparative case study of Manchester United, Manchester City, Liverpool, and Arsenal to examine how digital transformation strategies have reshaped performance outcomes. The analysis reveals significant disparities, with Manchester City and Liverpool establishing themselves as leaders through systematic investment, data-driven decision-making, and organisational cultures supportive of innovation, while Manchester United has underperformed due to leveraged ownership, fragmented leadership, and resistance to change. The study introduces a four-pillar framework (Figure 1) linking ownership structure, strategic leadership, organisational culture, and business model innovation to sustainable competitive advantage. Findings show that traditional sources of strengthbrand power, financial resources, and sporting success-are being superseded by innovation capacity and technological integration. Manchester United's underperformance demonstrates how cultural inertia, and short-term financial pressures can undermine competitive advantage despite global brand dominance. Strategic recommendations for the club include comprehensive digital transformation, infrastructure modernisation, organisational culture change, and the development of technology partnerships to realign with industry leaders. Beyond the case of Manchester United, the study highlights broader implications for sports organisations navigating digital disruption. Success in business model innovation is shown to depend not on absolute resource levels but on strategic coherence, quality of implementation, and long-term organisational commitment. The research contributes to sports management and business model theory by providing empirical evidence of how digital transfor-How to cite this paper: English, V. (2025)

Sustainable innovation spurs financial performance, effectiveness, and strength. Embraced by MNEs, business sustainability mainstreaming remains a challenge due to regulation, technological limits, and differential stakeholder expectations. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing insights from over 100 executive surveys, in-depth case studies of Tesla (US), Unilever (British), BYD (China), Natura & Co. (Brazil), and Tata Group (India), and geopolitical and economic analysis to investigate the role of sustainable innovation in driving global business success. The research outlines three principal pillars to the effective integration of sustainability: stakeholder engagement, leadership, and policy support. AI-driven ESG analytics transforms sustainability reporting by improving data-driven decision-making; however, it remains constrained by algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and rating inconsistencies (e.g., ExxonMobil's varying ESG scores across MSCI, Sustainalytics, and Refinitiv). Effective regulatory oversight, third-party audits, and explainable AI governance models are necessary to ensure credibility and accountability. Regional regulatory patterns are explored using Institutional Theory, comparing the EU's mandatory CSRD with voluntary U.S.'s SEC guidelines and hybrid Asian arrangements. Using the RBV, linking resources to competitive advantage, and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, which addresses adaptive innovation, the study illustrates how firms utilize sustainability to render markets more resilient. The conclusions provide practitioners with options to match sustainability with operation and financial objectives. For policymakers, they reveal methods to balance rules. This study encourages a governance-oriented approach to sustainability, seeing it as a driver to solve global environmental and social injustices and not merely an obligation to comply.

Introduction. Modern organizations face rapid changes in the market environment. Simplifying the hierarchy allows for faster response to changes, local decision-making, and adaptation to new conditions. Flat structures also promote better communication between levels, which makes employees feel more involved in decision-making. This can lead to increased motivation and productivity.

The article aims to reflect the results of mathematical modeling of rational hierarchy in the organizational structure of public administration, using the example of the customs authority.

Materials and methods. The research materials were articles from periodical scientific publications. When studying customs problems, queuing theory was used to analyze the functioning of customs posts and checkpoints when conducting customs control at the grassroots level over goods moving across the customs border.

Results. The authors reflect the main results of mathematical modeling of the rational hierarchy in the organizational structure of state management through the example of the customs authority, making it possible to prove the implementation of a set of measures related to the transition from hierarchical structures to flat structures in the conditions of digitalization. The methodology and model developed based on mathematical tools of queuing theory are proposed to justify rational flat management structures. As a result of modeling, it is proved that the flat organizational structure is more logical than the hierarchical one because in such a structure, the speed of customer service requests increases due to the reduction of internal inter-level communication links.

Conclusion. The transition to a flat structure is advisable based on the principle of integrity of the system potential formulated and justified in the study. The chosen transition strategy depends on the degree of digital and service transformation of state bodies.

In order to ensure the sustainable exploitation and use of water resources Vietnam has started to elaborate a legal framework of the water sector during recent years. This new legal framework includes a large set of regulations that deals with waste water management, including the treatment and disposal of waste waters from industries, agriculture and households. The protection of water resources, particularly with respect to water quality and the prevention of water pollution, is a crucial and serious issue due to the country's rapid development and industrialization. Nevertheless, the quality of the current regulations (issued by both national and local levels) on water resources management in Vietnam does obviously not meet reality requirements. Furthermore, there is evidence that the enforcement of the national framework encounters various problems when it comes to the implementation by local governments. In recent years, more than 300 legal documents required to implement the Law on Water Resources have been developed as secondary regulations to protect and use water resources in a sustainable manner in different legal aspects. Among these 300 legal documents, over 60 are related to wastewater and water pollution management. Moreover, at local level important regulations on water resources protection, particularly regulations on water pollution management have been developed to implement national regulations at sub-national scales of government. In Can Tho City, located in the Mekong Delta, 100 water-related legal documents have been issued by the People's Committee of the city that claim creating a comprehensive legal system on water resources protection for the city's jurisdiction. By using Can Tho City as a case study, this paper intends to analyze contradictions and conflicts between the national and local regulations, specifically in the field of wastewater management. It will be discussed how the provincial government of Can Tho City enforces the national law on water resource management and how national regulations are interpreted and newly defined in the context of local governance. Furthermore, the study aims at contributing to the debate on how to create a comprehensive and coherent legal framework of the water sector at both national and local scale of government.

In A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Measure for Measure, Shakespeare introduces two rulers—Oberon and Duke Vincentio—who rely on influence and strategic intervention to achieve their goals. While both operate in secrecy and use others to carry out their plans, their motivations couldn’t be more different. Oberon’s jealousy and desire for control lead to chaos, while Vincentio’s focus on justice and morality brings lasting order to Vienna. By comparing these two characters, the essay argues that Shakespeare shows how the success of such interventions depends on the intentions behind them, with selfless motives leading to greater harmony.

Ceux qui étudient méticuleusement la Sira du Prophète Muhammad ﷺ découvriront qu'il était toujours attentif à l'avenir de sa mission. Il n'était pas simplement réactif, mais il élaborait des stratégies proactives et planifiait dans le cadre des opportunités et des ressources accordées par Allah. Sa prévoyance et son dévouement sont évidents, en particulier pendant les saisons du Hajj, lorsque des tribus de toute l'Arabie se réunissaient. Le Prophète ﷺ saisissait ces moments pour présenter son message divin, cherchant ardemment leur soutien et illustrant vivement le futur prometteur qui les attendait, y compris la richesse et la prospérité anticipées de grands empires comme Rome.

Las investigaciones demuestran que la educación no debe enfocarse únicamente en transmitir conocimiento  canónico  de  carácter  científico, sino  también  en  fomentar  competencias  sociales que permitan a los estudiantes convivir y construir una sociedad más equitativa. No se  trata  de  la  transmisión  acrítica  del  conocer  y  el  desarrollo  de  habilidades  cognitivas  para  procesar  información,  sino  de  cultivar  un  compromiso  social  intencionado,  empoderando  a  los  profesores  y  estudiantes  para  participar  activamente  en  la  toma  de  decisiones  sociales,  enfrentando la incertidumbre y la complejidad del mundo social en la era digital.

El objetivo principal del artículo fue examinar la influencia de la multiculturalidad en la comunicación organizacional, con el fin de identificar y proponer estrategias efectivas que fomenten la armonización de la diversidad cultural en el entorno laboral. La metodología adoptada es de naturaleza cualitativa y se divide en dos métodos. En primer lugar, se realiza una ecuación de búsqueda de las categorías analíticas y, en segundo, se lleva a cabo una revisión documental mediante matrices para identificar convergencias y divergencias. La conclusión principal se relaciona con que la interacción entre la comunicación organizacional y el multiculturalismo se presenta como una asociación enriquecedora para el ámbito laboral. La metáfora de la sinfonía multicultural sugiere que, a pesar de los retos inherentes, una gestión efectiva de la diversidad cultural conduce a una comunicación organizacional mejorada y eficiente.

Innovation contributes to corporate competitiveness, economic performance and environmental sustainability. In the Internet era, innovation intelligence is transferred across borders and languages at an unprecedented rate, yet the ability to benefit from it seems to become more divergent among different corporations and countries. How much an organization can benefit from innovation largely depends on how well innovation is managed in it. Thus, there is a discernible increase in interest in the study of innovation management. This handbook provides a comprehensive guide to this subject. The handbook introduces the basic framework of innovation and innovation management. It also presents innovation management from the perspectives of strategy, organization and resource, as well as institution and culture. The book's comprehensive coverage on all areas of innovation management makes this a very useful reference for anyone interested in the subject.

El propósito de este artículo es presentar parte de los resultados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo valorar los impactos que el acceso a la educación superior propició en la vida de un grupo de egresados del programa de Sociología, ofertado en la seccional oriente de la Universidad de Antioquia. Para alcanzar este objetivo se realizó un estudio con enfoque complementario, mediante la implementación de técnicas como la encuesta y la entrevista semiestructurada, con el fin de dar cuenta de los aspectos objetivos y subjetivos de la experiencia. El principal hallazgo evidenció que la formación profesional permitió la realización personal de los egresados como fundamento de la constitución de su proyecto de vida; ello causó transformaciones al interior de sus grupos familiares y demostró que el alcance de la política pública de educación superior va más allá de garantizar el acceso de la población a la formación profesional.

Hoy en día la educación superior debe enfrentar retos particularmente difíciles como el de formar profesionales capaces de generar y conducir los cambios de la sociedad, además de incidir de manera cada vez más decidida, permanente y eficaz en sus ámbitos. Todo ello trae consigo un amplio debate sobre el futuro de la Educación Superior y genera propuestas que marcan una visión distinta.

Se presenta un estudio que reconoce cómo el valor conferido al conocimiento en educación es una de las estrategias con las cuales se confronta a las tendencias del pensamiento cuyo propósito es proyectar una escuela sustentada en las competencias operacionales, la eficacia y al servicio de la racionalidad productiva de las empresas. Mediante la incursión en literatura desarrollada en el campo de la administración y los negocios, el trabajo expone la manera en que la gestión de los conocimientos, producidos en el entorno escolar, se perfila como vía de liberación del efecto totalizador y unificador de los conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos que han extraviado la tríada, conformada por la comprensión, el pensamiento crítico y la sabiduría, que fue la esencia de la actividad educativa hasta la emergencia de la sociedad post-industrial. Finalmente, el artículo propone principios básicos que le posibilitan al conocimiento educativo afectar el pensar-actuar de la institución escolar.

Leadership has become a complex, difficult subject with various facets for organisations, as it involves challenges regarding the best style for leaders to adopt. This study aims to analyse how the different leadership styles, presented throughout the various stages of the entrepreneurial process (discovery, application, implementation, and growth), can influence this type of process in the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) context. To this end, qualitative research of an exploratory nature was undertaken, based on four Portuguese SMEs (case studies) from different sectors. Data were collected from interviews with leaders and followers in the four SMEs selected, as well as through documentary analysis. From the content analysis, the empirical evidence obtained leads to the conclusion that there is not just one leadership style followed by the SMEs analysed in the different stages of the entrepreneurial process. However, the transactional style of leadership was identified in t...

A pesar de que el concepto obedece a condiciones coyunturales muy particulares de la sociedad japonesa, es posible encontrar similitudes en nuestra sociedad colombiana. Sin embargo, la inequidad que caracteriza a nuestro país, requiere de un esfuerzo más articulado entre distintos sectores y tipo de actores. Las universidades, además de reforzar su papel de generadoras de conocimiento, deben reflexionar sobre la pertinencia de los mismos en nuestros contextos y ante nuestras necesidades concretas. La articulación Universidad-Empresa- Estado y la formación a diferentes niveles es un paso importante para la apropiación de los beneficios de la tecnología como se propone en el concepto de la Sociedad 5.0.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on nurses' innovation work behavior and its dimensions. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study employed the 10-item Innovation Work Behavior Questionnaire and the 8-item Entrepreneurial Leadership Questionnaire to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on the innovation work behavior of 273 nurses from public and private hospitals in Iran. Findings: Entrepreneurial leadership had a significant positive impact on nurses' innovation work behavior and most strongly improved idea exploration, followed by idea generation, idea implementation, and idea championing. Conclusions: Entrepreneurial leadership was effective in enhancing nurses' innovation work behavior. More attention needs to be focused on developing entrepreneurial leadership competencies and on developing nurse leaders. Clinical Relevance: Healthcare policies and strategies are needed to facilitate the implementation of entrepreneurial leadership by providing healthcare leaders with the appropriate environment.

La actitud de las personas durante la integración del sistema de gestión de la calidad y la acreditación de alta calidad en el programa de Administración Pública de la ESAP * People's attitudes during the integration process between quality management system and quality accreditation in the Public Administration program at the ESAP

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las interacciones que se establecen entre la reflexión filosófica y la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación social al evento educativo. La educación que excluye la reflexión ética, política y metafísica entrena operarios de máquinas en lugar de formar seres que se humanizan mutuamente al expresar solidaridad y compasión. En consecuencia, se insiste en la importancia de las reflexiones filosóficas en el hecho educativo como herramientas que favorecen relaciones que hacen del individuo un ser crítico, coordinado con otros, en procura de habitar mundos más cónsonos con la condición de dignidad inherente a la vida. Se trata de una exploración diacrónica de carácter bibliográfico desde el enfoque racionalista-deductivo.

Dengan segenap rasa puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga makalah Rencana dan Tujuan Organisasi ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Tak lupa shalawat dan salam semoga tertimpahkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, keluarganya, sahabatnya, dan kepada kita selaku umatnya Makalah ini disusun dalam rangka pemenuhan tugas mata kuliah pengantar manajemen semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2023/2024. Yang berjudul "Rencana dan Tujuan Organisasi". Penulis mengharapkan agar makalah ini dapat kita manfaatkan sebagai bahan pelajaran, agar kita lebih mengetahui rencana dan tujuan organisasi. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan arahan serta bimbingannya selama ini sehingga penyusunan makalah dapat dibuat dengan sebaik-baiknya. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan makalah Rencana dan Tujuan Organisasi. Dan penulis juga menyadari pentingnya akan sumber bacaan dan referensi internet yang telah membantu dalam memberikan informasi yang akan menjadi bahan makalah. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam pembuatan makalah ini masih banyak kekurangan karena masih dalam tahap belajar. Oleh karena itu, penulis juga tidak lupa mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari teman-teman maupun para dosen untuk menyempurnakan makalah ini, bila kita pandang perlu untuk kedepannya, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang setulusnya atas semuanya itu.

Dengan segenap rasa puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga makalah Rencana dan Tujuan Organisasi ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Tak lupa shalawat dan salam semoga tertimpahkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, keluarganya, sahabatnya, dan kepada kita selaku umatnya Makalah ini disusun dalam rangka pemenuhan tugas mata kuliah pengantar manajemen semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2023/2024. Yang berjudul "Rencana dan Tujuan Organisasi". Penulis mengharapkan agar makalah ini dapat kita manfaatkan sebagai bahan pelajaran, agar kita lebih mengetahui rencana dan tujuan organisasi. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan arahan serta bimbingannya selama ini sehingga penyusunan makalah dapat dibuat dengan sebaik-baiknya. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan makalah Rencana dan Tujuan Organisasi. Dan penulis juga menyadari pentingnya akan sumber bacaan dan referensi internet yang telah membantu dalam memberikan informasi yang akan menjadi bahan makalah. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam pembuatan makalah ini masih banyak kekurangan karena masih dalam tahap belajar. Oleh karena itu, penulis juga tidak lupa mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari teman-teman maupun para dosen untuk menyempurnakan makalah ini, bila kita pandang perlu untuk kedepannya, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang setulusnya atas semuanya itu.

Purpose-The study aims to explore the differences in transformational leadership's (TL's) influences on each aspect of innovation capability, namely, product innovation and process innovation. It also deepens understanding of the pathways and conditions to improve specific aspects of innovation capability by assessing the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS) and moderating mechanism of perceived organizational support (POS). Design/methodology/approach-The paper utilized structural equation modeling and cross-sectional design to test hypotheses in the proposed research model based on using data collected from 394 participants at 88 Chinese firms. Findings-The findings indicate that KS mediates TL's effects on innovation capabilities. In addition, the influences of TL and KS on specific aspects of innovation capability are different and depend on the extent of employees' POS. Research limitations/implications-Future studies should test mediating roles of knowledge management's constituents and/or investigate the moderating roles of firm ownership form to increase the understanding of potential factors or key conditions that may have significant influences on a firm's innovation capability. Practical implications-The paper significantly contributes to increasing the understanding of the link between TL and specific aspects of innovation capability by highlighting the important role of stimulating KS and enhancing POS. Originality/value-The paper provides useful information and valuable initiatives to increase leadership outcomes and firm's capability for innovation.

In today's rapidly changing world, there is an increased need for excellent strategic planning. A firm's survival may indeed hinge on the firm's planning process being exemplary. Various aspects of the strategic planning process are under review today as organizations wrestle to compete more effectively. This paper reveals and describes five emerging trends or tools being utilized today by firms to more effectively engage in strategic planning. Specifically, the emerging trends and tools to be discussed in this paper are as follows: 1) Assure vision and mission statements include desired characteristics 2) Perform SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) analysis using AQCD (Actionable, Quantitative, Comparative, and Divisional) factors 3) Utilize varied sources to obtain AQCD information 4) Utilize QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) analysis to determine the relative attractiveness of alternative strategies 5) Use excel-based software to facilitate and enhance the strategic planning process. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with basic new tools and techniques being used by organizations to effectively develop an improved strategic plan for the firm.

In today’s rapidly changing world, there is an increased need for excellent strategic planning. A firm’s survival may indeed hinge on the firm’s planning process being exemplary. Various aspects of the strategic planning process are under review today as organizations wrestle to compete more effectively. This paper reveals and describes five emerging trends or tools being utilized today by firms to more effectively engage in strategic planning. Specifically, the emerging trends and tools to be discussed in this paper are as follows: 1) Assure vision and mission statements include desired characteristics 2) Perform SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) analysis using AQCD (Actionable, Quantitative, Comparative, and Divisional) factors 3) Utilize varied sources to obtain AQCD information 4) Utilize QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) analysis to determine the relative attractiveness of alternative strategies 5) Use excel-based software to facilitate and enhance t...

El objetivo de la investigación se centró en conocer si las variables: conocimiento de la interculturalidad, lugar de residencia,percepción de igualdad, y la realidad socioeconómica, son relevantes para el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en los programasde ciencias empresariales de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (Cúcuta-Colombia) se abordó desde lo rurbano y laeducación intercultural, con una metodología cuantitativa, de estudio descriptivo correlacional, con la encuesta comoinstrumento de recolección de datos, aplicada a 105 docentes y 420 estudiante, Resultados. Existe un conocimiento del tema,hay poca preocupación por conocer el contexto del estudiante, se conserva un espacio de dialogo sin discriminación dentro delas aulas. Conclusión: Es necesario mejorar las orientaciones que están direccionadas al perfeccionamiento de las habilidades ydestrezas que pueda adquirir el sujeto para el desarrollo de una profesión, indistintamente de su procedencia, nivel social ycantida...

In order to ensure the sustainable exploitation and use of water resources Vietnam has started to elaborate a legal framework of the water sector during recent years. This new legal framework includes a large set of regulations that deals with waste water management, including the treatment and disposal of waste waters from industries, agriculture and households. The protection of water resources, particularly with respect to water quality and the prevention of water pollution, is a crucial and serious issue due to the country's rapid development and industrialization. Nevertheless, the quality of the current regulations (issued by both national and local levels) on water resources management in Vietnam does obviously not meet reality requirements. Furthermore, there is evidence that the enforcement of the national framework encounters various problems when it comes to the implementation by local governments. In recent years, more than 300 legal documents required to implement the Law on Water Resources have been developed as secondary regulations to protect and use water resources in a sustainable manner in different legal aspects. Among these 300 legal documents, over 60 are related to wastewater and water pollution management. Moreover, at local level important regulations on water resources protection, particularly regulations on water pollution management have been developed to implement national regulations at sub-national scales of government. In Can Tho City, located in the Mekong Delta, 100 water-related legal documents have been issued by the People's Committee of the city that claim creating a comprehensive legal system on water resources protection for the city's jurisdiction. By using Can Tho City as a case study, this paper intends to analyze contradictions and conflicts between the national and local regulations, specifically in the field of wastewater management. It will be discussed how the provincial government of Can Tho City enforces the national law on water resource management and how national regulations are interpreted and newly defined in the context of local governance. Furthermore, the study aims at contributing to the debate on how to create a comprehensive and coherent legal framework of the water sector at both national and local scale of government.