Time Perspective

Reminiscence therapy for the elderly has drawn considerable attention. However, it is suggested that adolescent also frequently reminisce. This study examines the relationship between daily reminiscence and identity status in adolescence. A reciprocal causal relationship between reminiscence and wellbeing is tested. Ninety-three university students, 45 nursing school students, 52 vocational school students (62 male and 128 female, mean age 21.5 years) answered a set of questionnaires which include the Identity

Time perspective is a predictor of addictive behaviors. As the number of Internet and Facebook users is increasing, it is worth investigating the role of time perspective in maladaptive types of usage. In this study, we examined the potential relationship of time perspective with Internet addiction and Facebook intrusion. The participants were 756 Internet users with Facebook accounts. We used the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, the Facebook Intensity Scale, and the Internet Addiction Test. We analyzed similar associations between time perspective and the two types of addiction. Age and daily time spent online were predictors of Internet addiction, Facebook intensity, and Facebook intrusion. Past Negative and Present Fatalistic orientations were positive predictors for both types of addiction, whereas Future time perspective was a negative predictor. Present Hedonistic orientation was a negative predictor only of Internet addiction. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of health promotion interventions and workshops aimed at preventing maladaptive online behaviors.

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults' emotional well-being stems from having a limited future time perspective that motivates them to maximize well-being in the "here and now." Presumably, then, older adults' time horizons are associated with emotional competencies that boost positive affect and dampen negative affect, but little research has addressed this. Using a U.S. adult life-span sample (N = 3,933; 18-93 years), we found that a 2-factor model of future time perspective (future opportunities; limited time) fit the data better than a 1-factor model. Through middle age, people perceived the life-span hourglass as half full-they focused more on future opportunities than limited time. Around Age 60, the balance changed to increasingly perceiving the life-span hourglass as half empty-they focused less on future opportunities and more on limited time, even after accounting for perceived health, self-reported decision-making ability, and reti...

In recent times, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children during middle childhood, frequently resulting in challenges related to behaviour, academics, and social interaction. The style of parenting is acknowledged as a significant element that may affect the intensity of ADHD symptoms and the overall adjustment of the child, especially in urban environments. This study involves identifying children aged 8 to 13 who are at risk of ADHD, exploring various parenting approaches, and examining the relationship between three distinct parenting styles and the behaviour of middle childhood children exhibiting ADHD symptoms. The assessment instruments employed for evaluating the presence of ADHD symptoms is Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS), which is a standardised screening and diagnostic support instrument used to assess Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, based on DSM criteria. The Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) measures three parenting styles based on Baumrind's model. The parenting styles measured are Authoritative, Authoritarian and Permissive. The questionnaire has 30 items (10 per style) with Likert-scale responses. A cross-sectional correlational research design was employed with a sample of 200 middle school children and their parents recruited from urban areas. ADHD risk was assessed using standardised screening measures for inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Pearson's correlation and analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between parenting approaches and risk of ADHD symptoms.

Risk assessment and advisory tendencies are fundamental psychological biases shaping individual investment decisions in behavioral finance literature. For tourism students who will constitute the future workforce, the rational use of scarce resources and the development of financial awareness depend on understanding these behavioral tendencies and minimizing their effects. This study aims to determine whether the investment preferences of 484 tourism students at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University differ significantly according to their risk assessment and advisory tendencies. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Independent Samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc tests via SPSS software. Factor analysis revealed loss aversion as a distinct behavioral dimension. The findings indicate that cognitive (risk assessment), social (advisory), and emotional (loss aversion) factors jointly influence students' investment decisions. Gender, household income, and academic achievement were found to significantly differentiate behavioral tendencies. The results demonstrate that tourism students combine analytical reasoning with emotional prudence in their financial decision-making processes. In this context, it is recommended that tourism faculties enhance their curricula with educational content on financial literacy and behavioral finance, and strengthen academic advisory systems that ensure access to reliable financial information. Considering the fluctuating income structure of the tourism sector, incorporating practical modules on financial resilience, budgeting, and risk awareness into tourism education can provide long-term contributions to sectoral stability. The study contributes to the tourism literature by contextualizing behavioral finance theory within tourism education and offering sector-specific insights.

Este artigo tem por finalidade discutir os serviços assistenciais que algumas instituições oferecem aos andarilhos de estrada, procurando refletir, também, o que eles representam no contexto social contemporâneo. Participaram desta pesquisa quatro dirigentes de instituições assistenciais no Estado de São Paulo, por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado. Os dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os relatos mostraram que os serviços oferecidos se estruturam de acordo com os interesses políticos do Estado na administração e fixação desses sujeitos para os territórios da marginalidade social onde o saber médico exerce uma função estratégica sob essas subjetividades. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de ampliar o debate em torno das políticas assistenciais a fim de se implementar um serviço desvinculado da tendência homogeneizadora do saber médico, levando em consideração os próprios indivíduos portadores de história e singularidade sem a incidência da normalização.

O alcoolismo tem sido uma das maiores preocupações da saúde pública no mundo, estando associado a diversos outros problemas como: mortes no trânsito, desentendimentos familiares e afetivos, separação de casais, sendo, também, companheiro inseparável de homicídios, espancamentos de crianças e mulheres, deserção do trabalho, da escola, etc. São numerosas as tentativas para se compreender o alcoolismo. Alguns autores acreditam que suas causas estão associadas a um complexo conjunto de fatores biopsiocossociais . Na esfera biológica, fatores hereditários e predisposição ambiental são freqüentemente mencionados como uma das possíveis explicações para o consumo e dependência do álcool. Cloninger (1987) em seu trabalho com gêmeos, utilizando o método dos filhos adotivos, concluiu que o alcoolismo, em alguns casos, se deve à herdabilidade gênica e, em outros, à predisposição ambiental. Desta forma, dependendo do Alcoolismo

A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em . Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso.

This body of practice and research is concerned primarily with the ontology of photography in demise, that is to say, traditional film-based photography. Inevitably it proceeds to examine more than the recent industrial shift from analog to electronic technology by reviewing essentially what the original status of photography was and how perceived from a phenomenological view of photography's affect, value and persistence as a global and culturally dominant way of seeing and communicating. Investigation proceeds on the premise of the author's practice as an artist, thinking about and making photographs leading to a functional understanding of the convergence of contemporary art processes with philosophical method and particularly existential phenomenology. What surfaces out of an examination of historic ontologies of photography tracing the industrial shift from analog to digital photography is a larger, discernible ontology of a photography in flux and the promise as well as hazards of its electro-digital palingenesis. This reshaping of photography tracks a decades long, irregular shift in post-modern perceptions of photography from a discourse locked in dichotomy between 'formalist' and 'contextual' theorizing ending in a reconstitution of materiality to the image. However, it is the socio-perceptual affect of photography that dominates contemporary imagination and impels this inquiry into a world of perspectival and monocular views, this dominant aesthetic: truth in detail, meaning in focus, mimesis in diegesis, the ideal and the beautiful in photogenic form. We all end as photographs now, as anodyne and slender as the paper onto which the image is sealed or bright and sharp as the luminous screen upon which its shadow is cast.

This research was aimed to explore the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) education at Primary and Secondary levels in Bangladesh. The education ministry has added ICT with the national curriculum in Bangladesh. So, goal of the research is i) How to ensure the best implementation of ICT in the education; ii) How to ensure the best use of ICT tools in the class rooms; iii) How to help teachers, students, parents and also all the relevant bodies to cope with the system. To face the challenges in the 21st century if a nation can not adapt the new technology the country can not move forward. Students are the future of a nation if the student stay blind from the new technology the country will lags behind. So, the modern ICT information-based population can play a great role in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of psychological time perspective and spiritual transcendence as predictors of one’s belief status (e.g., religious believer vs. non-believer). The underlying assumption was that individual differences in engaging with broad existential issues would determine whether or not religious belief would be of value. Using a sample of 373 believers and 316 non-believers (411 women and 293 mean, mean age = 35.49), information on spiritual transcendence, Big Five Personality dimensions, and psychological time perspective was collected and the correlational and underlying structural relationships were evaluated. The results indicated that belief status was related to levels of spiritual transcendence (particularly Prayer Fulfillment), time perspective (particularly Present Fatalistic), and both measures of existential orientation, but not personality. SEM analyses indicated that time perspective was the root cause of both subjects’ numinous ori...

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Alcohol consumption is a prevalent risky behaviour in adolescence. A way of prevention is to obtain information about the cognitive components involved, such as Temporal Perspective (TP), which refers to the tendency to be oriented towards the past, the present or the future. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between TP, risk perception and alcohol consumption (Study 1) and to determine whether an intervention programme based on emphasizing a Future orientation can reduce alcohol consumption and increase risk perception (Study 2). Seventy-five adolescents participated in the study. Results showed that a bias toward the Present can enhance the probability of incurring in risk behaviours, while a Future orientation might act as a protective factor. Half of the adolescents took part in the intervention programme, and their risk perception increased, suggesting that TP can be a tool to minimize the probability of incurring in risk behaviours.Consumir alcohol es una c...

Alcohol consumption is a prevalent risky behaviour in adolescence. A way of prevention is to obtain information about the cognitive components involved, such as Temporal Perspective (TP), which refers to the tendency to be oriented towards the past, the present or the future. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between TP, risk perception and alcohol consumption (Study 1) and to determine whether an intervention programme based on emphasizing a Future orientation can reduce alcohol consumption and increase risk perception (Study 2). Seventy-five adolescents participated in the study. Results showed that a bias toward the Present can enhance the probability of incurring in risk behaviours, while a Future orientation might act as a protective factor. Half of the adolescents took part in the intervention programme, and their risk perception increased, suggesting that TP can be a tool to minimize the probability of incurring in risk behaviours.

This paper examines how the rapidly intensifying digital media environment interacts with the rigid expectations of 21st‑century schooling to shape the attention, emotional regulation, and learning processes of children with ADHD. Drawing on years of clinical experience, field observations, and international empirical research, the study demonstrates that fast‑paced, highly stimulating audiovisual content can impair executive functions such as inhibition, working memory, and problem‑solving within minutes. Experimental findings show that even nine minutes of rapid‑cut television significantly reduces young children’s performance on cognitive tasks, while longitudinal evidence links heavy media exposure in adolescence to later attention problems and academic underachievement. The paper argues that the mismatch between the high‑arousal media world and the slow, linear, frontally organized school environment often leads to misinterpretation of natural child behavior as disorder, resulting in over‑diagnosis of ADHD or behavioral labels. At the same time, the study highlights that media is not inherently harmful: when placed in structured learning frameworks with clear time limits, interactive reflection, and pedagogical scaffolding, digital content can enhance motivation, comprehension, and memory. Integrating Zimmerman’s model of self‑regulated learning, the article provides practical strategies for parents and educators to support children’s self‑regulation, manage transitions between rapid and slow stimuli, and create developmentally attuned routines. The findings underscore that children’s difficulties often stem less from internal deficits than from environmental mismatches, and that adaptive, intentional media use - paired with relational support and consistent structure - can transform the digital world from a risk factor into a developmental resource.

This paper explores the metaphysics of time and its relevance to Africa from a cultural and philosophical perspective. The paper argues that the Western concept of time, which is based on linear and objective concepts, is not the only way to explain time and temporal experience to all cultures and civilizations. By examining traditional African perspectives on time, the paper demonstrates the importance of considering cultural and philosophical differences in the study of time and temporal experience. The paper concludes that the Western concept of time must be supplemented with an understanding of the diverse and complex ways in which time is experienced and understood in Africa

The document provided—"A History of Time and Consciousness: how time breathed, but now ticks"—is a sweeping, multidisciplinary thesis that blends Indigenous knowledge systems, speculative physics, historical analysis, and radical futurism. It’s written in a visionary, poetic style but grounded in anthropological, geological, and technological insights. Here's a structured breakdown to help you fully understand it:

🔧 Core Thesis

The paper argues that human consciousness and civilization have undergone irreversible phase shifts, particularly since 1826, when technologies like photography and friction matches began to "externalize" human memory and survival capacity. The timeline between 1826 and 2026 marks an exponential acceleration of human modification, moving us from ecological dependence to technological immersion.

⏳ Time and Consciousness

Pre-1826: Time was seasonal and cyclical, governed by the sun, stars, and environment. This “breathing time” aligned with biological and ecological rhythms.

Post-1826: Time became digitized and abstract—measured in seconds and minutes—disconnected from nature.

Key Pivot: 1924, when the BBC introduced “the pips” (broadcast time), marking the death of “ecological time.”

⟶ Claim: This shift altered not just schedules, but human consciousness, anchoring us to artificial constructs rather than lived experience.

🔥 Fire, Fusion, and Energy

The Palawa people mastered fire as a biotechnological adaptation for surviving Tasmania’s extreme climate.

The paper draws a speculative arc from fire (external combustion) to sonoluminescence/fusion (internal atomic resonance) as humanity’s energy evolution.

Tasmania is hypothesized to be on a “locked energy tipping point”—a geophysical loop where added mass causes uplift elsewhere, enabling perpetual energy extraction.

🧬 The Palawa Paradigm

The Palawa, Indigenous Tasmanians, are presented as a 65,000-year case study in sustainable human-environment symbiosis.

Readiness-Based Adulthood: Instead of age-based legal systems, adulthood was conferred through trials proving physical, emotional, and spiritual maturity.

Food, Hygiene, and Logic:

Diet included muttonbird, wallaby, shellfish.

No Western-style washing: instead, saltwater immersion and plant-based saponins.

Mathematical systems were relational, not abstract—precursors to quantum logic.

🪐 Speculative Cosmology & Geological Events

Lake Pedder is proposed to be the site of a massive meteor impact, possibly of interstellar origin.

This event is tied to:

Geological anomalies (hexagonal dolomite “spaghetti”)

Darwin Glass (evidence of a thermal impact)

Potential access to extraterrestrial materials during the 2026 “dam flush”, which could shift Tasmania into global relevance for planetary defense.

📈 Technological Stack: 1826–2026

The text lists critical innovations marking phase shifts in human society:

1826: Photography, matches

1844–1928: Telegraph, electric motor, antibiotics

1947–2007: Transistor, microprocessor, smartphones

2023: Generative AI

2025: Predicted moment of singularity—AI dominance + space logistics

🧠 Mathematical Metaphors

Uses quaternion math and scalar tensors to model terrain and energy flows.

Proposes a framework called “Line of Primes”: a minimal path logic for extracting value (resource, energy, or truth) from complex systems.

Suggests Tasmania could be mapped recursively using this math to mine without destruction.

🧪 Sustainable Tech & Mining

Convert flooded mine tunnels into energy hubs.

Use wave resonance to extract crystals (e.g., lithium) without digging.

Trigger sonoluminescence (sound-induced fusion) for decentralized, eco-sourced power.

🏙️ Revitalizing Tasmania

Decentralize urban centers via 3D-printed villages powered by cold fusion.

AR tourism at Lake Pedder during the dam flush (2026) to search for meteor fragments.

Bridge ancient knowledge (Palawa) with future tech (quantum math, AI).

🧬 Dual Reality Framework
Indigenous Logic Quantum Logic Fusion
Seasonal time Quaternion math (corkscrew time) Isomorphic time loops
Trial-based adulthood Prime-line navigation Systemic resilience
Kin-based wealth Decentralized REE mining Personal abundance from land
Songlines (oral maps) 1-meter scalar terrain models Recursive mapping for energy
💥 Key Philosophical Arguments

Time is not linear—it is a recursive spiral.

Consciousness is wave-like; reality folds based on the observer.

Temporal sovereignty (humans controlling time) will replace time slavery (sun/government control).

💡 What Makes This Radical

The paper repositions Tasmania from a peripheral island to a cosmic and technological center.

It advocates post-capitalist systems rooted in ancient wisdom—arguing that Palawa society had already solved problems we’re struggling with now (e.g., sustainability, community governance).

Proposes tools, language, and physics that deliberately blur speculative science with Indigenous knowledge.

🌍 Final Message

Tasmania becomes a laboratory for reconciling humanity’s biological past with its technological future. It’s a manifesto calling for:

Temporal autonomy

Ecological restoration

Cultural revival

A post-linear, fusion-powered consciousness

Time perspective (TP) plays a key role in various aspects of human behaviour. This paper proposes for the first time an integrated model that explores the role that five TPs (past-negative, past-positive, present-fatalistic, present-hedonistic, and future) and having a balanced time perspective (BTP) play in the amount of free time available, leisure benefits sought and leisure activities. The results obtained from a sample of 320 university students reveal that how people understand time is a key predictor of leisure choices. Our study also reveals that having a BTP is a healthy way to enjoy leisure time, which has considerable potential in regard to practical interventions in leisure education and counselling.

Cet article examine l’influence de la proximité perçue sur l’engagement des fans de football dans le contexte des tournois communautaires de Maracana en Côte d’Ivoire. Dans cette perspective, la recherche adopte une démarche quantitative mobilisant 409 répondants. Afin de garantir la rigueur scientifique, les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire administré en face à face et traitées conformément aux principes méthodologiques du paradigme de Churchill (1979) en matière de développement et de validation des échelles de mesure. Par ailleurs, les hypothèses de recherche formulées ont été testées à l’aide de la modélisation par équations structurelles (SEM) selon LISREL. Les résultats montrent que trois des quatre dimensions retenues de la proximité perçue (spatiale, affective et sociale) exercent une influence significative et positive sur l’engagement des fans. En revanche, la proximité temporelle perçue ne présente aucun effet notable dans ce contexte.

A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em . Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has a high mortality and morbidity rate. Smoking is one of its important risk factors. The time perspective is the basic cognitive process by which individuals perceive, interpret, and interact with their environment and describes the impact of attention on the past, present, and future. It was hypothesized that this cognitive process can have an effect on decisions to use or quit smoking. Thus, this study evaluated the relationship between smoking cessation and time perspective. Materials and Methods: Overall, 170 patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of CAD in Bandar Abbas Shahid Mohammadi hospital were selected for inclusion in this cross-sectional descriptive study. They all had a history of smoking. The subjects were divided into two groups of smokers and previous smokers (smoking cessation at least 3 months ago). Finally, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory was use...

Background Research on procrastination, regarding time perspective factors and basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) has placed this problem at the meeting point of individual and contextual variables. The present study focused both on the individual, given that time perspectives can be defined as a person's attitude to an object (time) at three moments (present, past, future); and on contextual aspects, because the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, relatedness) is facilitated or made difficult by social contexts. Based on this, the aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between time perspectives and inter-subject procrastination variations, testing the moderating role of BPNS in this relationship. Method A total of 1,188 undergraduate students, aged 17-50 years (M = 20.02, SD = 2.63), completed three questionnaires containing the variables of interest. Results Regression analyses showed significant negative (thus, potentially protective) association of future time perspective with all three procrastination dimensions (decisional procrastination, implemental delay, and lateness). Conversely, past-negative time perspective showed a positive (thus, potentially adverse) association with procrastination. Satisfaction of the need for competence also showed a negative (thus, potentially protective) association with all procrastination dimensions. On eight occasions, the relationships between time perspectives and procrastination dimensions were moderated by psychological need satisfaction. Conclusions These findings show that BPNS may play relevant roles in the negative (favourable) relationships between procrastination dimensions and positive time perspectives, as well as in the positive (adverse) associations between negative time perspectives and procrastination dimensions. Contextual interventions fostering enhanced levels of perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as well as future time perspective, are thus strong candidates to consider for use and evaluation by policy makers, pedagogues, teachers, coaches and other professionals interested in counteracting procrastination tendencies.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating Sternberg's successful intelligence training package and its effectiveness on the vitality of 11th grade students. The research method was semi-experimental and in terms of quantitative and qualitative underlying paradigm, it was practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was 11th grade female students of Zahedan city in the academic year of 1401-1400. The research sample consisted of 60 female students of Farzangan, Zahedan city, who were first selected through available sampling method and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (30 people in each group). After the pre-test, the students of the experimental group were exposed to the training of the components of successful intelligence for 10 sessions. Then the data related to the post-test was collected. The research tool was the academic vitality questionnaire (Martin and Marsh, 2008). Data analysis using covariance analysis method showed that there is a significant difference (p>.1.) between the experimental group and the control group in terms of academic vitality. Therefore, teachers can use Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence in their educational system as an effective teaching method to increase the academic vitality of students.
Keywords: Successful intelligence, intelligence training,  academic vitality

Background:The purpose is to examine the specifics of time perspective and the psychological well-being of Chinese University students, who differ in their level of social-psychological adaptation to Russia.Objective:The psychological well-being and time perspective.Method:With the use of 5 questionnaire-type methodologies we conducted the study with 120 RUDN University students (60 men and 60 women from China).Results:The comparative and factor analysis reveal that there are differences in time perspective and psychological well-being. Students from the 1st group, who have been in Russia for less than one year, have adapted the least to Russian culture. They experience a low level of subjective well-being. The 2nd with approximately 3 years of adapting to a new culture shows instability in adapting. Their level of self-acceptance is average; they often experience emotional discomfort. The 3rd group with more than 5 years of immersion into a new culture, demonstrates a higher level ...

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In this article we have a look at psychological prerequisites of emotional intelligence rise in preschool age and perspectives of its developing. The idea of emotional intelligence phenomenon, as we consider, is based on L.S. Vygotsky and his followers' theory about the relation and interaction of affect and intellect in psychological development of senior preschoolers. The problem of emotional intelligence developing is actual in preschool age because this age is the period of mental functions and personality formation as well as qualitative changes in psychological processes: cooperation, orientation to human world, inter personal dealings and moral notion.

The stress experienced by a woman during pregnancy not only has a negative impact on her well-being and physical health but also adversely affects the fetus. Stress is strongly linked with time perspective, defined as the tendency to focus on the past, present, or future. The study aimed to investigate how couples' balanced time perspective was related to maternal prenatal hair cortisol concentration and perceived stress in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Method: The participants were pregnant women and their male partners (84 couples). Women completed online questionnaires: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), the Dark Future Scale (DFS), and the Perceived Stress Scale, while men completed online versions of the ZTPI and the DFS. These questionnaire measurements were conducted in the first and third trimesters. Maternal cortisol levels were measured in hair samples taken during gynecological visits, in the first and third trimesters. Results: The study revealed that the more unbalanced the partner's time perspective, the more unbalanced the pregnant woman's time perspective and, consequently, the higher the stress perceived by the pregnant woman. This effect was present in both the first (B = 1.06, SE =.36, p <.001, 95 % CI [.398, 1.826]) and the third trimesters (B =.98, SE =.36, p <.001, 95 % CI [.327, 1.774]). Moreover, the more unbalanced the partner's time perspective, the more unbalanced the woman's time perspective and, consequently, the lower the hair cortisol concentration in the first trimester (B =-.08, SE =.04, p <.05, 95 % CI [-.171,-.010]). Partner's unbalanced time perspective in the first trimester was also a predictor of stress perceived by the woman in the third trimester (t = 2.38, p <.05). Conclusions: The results suggest the significance of the partner's time perspective for the pregnant woman's mental health. The partner's unbalanced, negative time perspective in the first trimester may increase the pregnant woman's stress in the third trimester. This effect can be even stronger than that of the woman's time perspective.