Training manual

This training manual is based on the booklet “Decentralization and Economic and Social Rights in the Arab Region,” which provides a comparative analysis of local governance systems in four Arab countries: Egypt, Lebanon, Sudan, and Morocco. The manual is grounded in the premise that decentralization, as a governance approach that redistributes authority between central and local governments, can serve as a key mechanism for promoting economic and social rights, particularly through improving the delivery of public services and ensuring equitable access for marginalized groups.
The manual seeks to translate research findings into a structured analytical and practical resource, enabling users to critically examine the relationship between local governance structures and the realization of economic and social rights, while highlighting the structural and political challenges that shape decentralization processes in the Arab context.

India is blessed with long coastline of about 8118 km along the West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry along the east coast; along Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala along the west coast. India has 2.02 million sq.km exclusive economic zone area and 0.53 million sq.km continental shelf area, a potential source for marine fisheries.The rich continental shelf area, a good habitat for demmersal fishes as well as crustaceans such has penaeid prawns , non-penaeid prawns, crabs, lobsters and stomatopods. Mechanised trawler is the main gear operated in the continental area targeting crustacean resources, Though trawl net is operated for penaeid prawn, non penaeid prawns, crabs and stomatopods will be formed as by catch because all these resources habituate in the same fishing ground. Crustacean resources comprises with penaeid prawns, non-penaeid prawns, crabs, lobsters and stomatopods. Total landings of crustacean resources, group wise and contribution of crustacean resources to total marine fish landings during 1996-2014 are shown in table, 1. Total annual marine fish landings of India ranged from 2.29 to 3.93 million t with mean at 2.92 million t. Annual total crustacean resources ranged from 3.52 lakh t to 5.32 lakh t with mean at 4.45 lakh t, and its contribution to total marine fish landings ranged from 12.6 % to 18.9 % with mean at 15.2 %. The landings of penaeid prawns ranged from 1.71 lakh t to 2.67 lakh t with mean at 2.07 lakh t. Landings of non-penaeids ranged from 1.04 lakh t to 2.13 lakh t with mean at 1.54 lakh t. The catches for lobsters ranged from 1,201 t to 2,787 t with mean at 1,860 t. Crab landings ranged from 27,538 t to 55,695 t with mean at 42,675 t. Stomatopod catches varied from 21,187 t to 92,611t with mean at 39,433 t. On an average penaeid prawns contributed 7.1%, non-penaeid prawns 5.3 %, crabs 1.5%, stomatopods 1.3 % and lobsters 0.1 % (Fig. ). Trends in crustacean resource landings, group wise, are shown in fig. . Increasing trend was observed in total crustacean resources during the 19 years period. Both penaeids and nonpenaeids have shown increasing trends. A marginal increasing trend was observed in crab landings. Though lobster catches have shown decreasing trend, its contribution to total crustacean resources was very less (0.1%). Despite increasing trends exhibited by penaeids, non penaeids, crabs, stomatopods have shown decreasing trend because of competing in the same fishing ground with penaeids.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly critical global public health challenge. An initial step in prevention is the understanding of resistance patterns with accurate surveillance. To improve accurate surveillance and good clinical care, we developed training materials to improve the appropriate collection of clinical culture samples in Ethiopia. Methods: Specimen-collection training materials were initially developed by a team of infectious diseases physicians, a clinical microbiologist, and a monitoring and evaluation specialist using a training of trainers (ToT) platform. Revisions after each training session were provided by Ethiopian attendees including the addition of regional and culturally relevant material. The training format involved didactic presentations, interactive practice sessions with participants providing feedback and training to each other and the entire group as well as assessments of all training activities. Results: Overall, 4 rounds o...

To make this edition current, the use of websites is embedded in the text. The appendix lists websites related to trees. Because websites or website links occasionally change, we encourage the reader to search for any Internet site not accessible via this edition.

Background: While virtual care delivery has numerous advantages, it can also introduce safety risks and unintended consequences. Considering that it has become an integral part of today's healthcare service, uncovering its unintended consequences is imperative to ensure patient safety. Objectives: This study aimed to identify patient safety risks associated with virtual primary care, as well as strategies to mitigate these risks based on the perspectives of patients and healthcare providers. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted followed by semi-structured interviews with patients, carers and healthcare providers working in primary care. Transcripts were systematically reviewed, and thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers. Results: A total of 42 participants took part in the study. Three main areas for patient safety risks associated with virtual primary care were identified, including suboptimal clinical decision-making, negative impact on patients' access to care, and worsening the workforce crisis. Strategies to mitigate these risks included providing information for patients, training triage personnel, making technical support available, standardising guidelines, setting up systems for feedback, improving continuity of care, communication, and safety netting. Conclusions: Patients and providers now have a heightened awareness of the strengths and pitfalls of virtual care due to their increased familiarity with the use of virtual care technologies. Existing policies need to be updated and new ones devised to minimise risks associated with virtual care and support patient and provider workflows.

Introduction-Constant investment for professional development of health workforce is paramount and can be implemented through locally available competent trainers. However, guidelines for selection and recruitment of trainers, and for approaches and processes of training and nurturing them are lacking. A training intervention research in western All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.

BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER • 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO, 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER Limited time and wide geographical dispersion of units are two of the major training constraints encountered by the Army National Guard and Re- serve,, i.e., the Reserve Component (RC). In response to these constraints, the RC is considering using technology to deliver training to the soldier at convenient times and places, thereby reducing the effect of unit dispersion and ensuring that available training time is used effectively and efficiently to achieve maximum performance benefits. This report is designed to assist the RC to select appropriate technology for delivering training and was developed by the Training Technology Field Activity-Gowen Field (TTFA-GF), whose mission is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of RC training through the testing and application of trainingI technology.

At CV. Nabila Zafira Mahali (Nazma) the daily recap of the work of the creative team still uses Google Excel which is prone to data manipulation by people who are irresponsible and don't have a good history of data records, if someone makes a mistake. Recap for monthly reports takes quite a long time, if there is an error in awarding honorarium or there is data that is not appropriate then it is not immediately known by management, the creative team's daily work report has an indirect relationship to the finance department, or the part that regulates awarding honorarium, if the data entered is unclear or inappropriate, there will be a delay in awarding honorarium. Therefore training is needed in using the clickup application which can help the creative team's daily work recap. The process of implementing the training stages begins with an interview with director Nazma and documentation of the required data, followed by determining and creating training materials, and fin...

The feedback of attendees' constitutes an important tool for the evaluation of training programs directed towards healthcare professionals. Objective: Using trainees' feedback, this study aimed to assess cupping (Al-Hijamah) training programs tailored for healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 483 healthcare workers who attended the cupping training programs conducted multiple times by National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) in Riyadh city. The participants completed a self-designed 6-item assessment form with a 5-point Likert scale at the end of each course. Results: Trainees rated trainers (4.8 or 96.9%), organizational setup (4.2 or 84.8%), content relevance (4.5 or 90.6%), working and learning methods (4.5 or 90.7%), achievement of objectives (4.5 or 90.9%) and overall evaluation (4.9 or 97.1%) with a range of 4 (good-84.8% to excellent-97.1%) to 5 on Likert scale. The training program satisfied their expectations as reported by 94.2% of trainees and 99.1% agreed that they were the right person to attend the course. A proportion of trainees (98%) reported to recommend this course for their colleagues. Participants gained the significant knowledge from infection control measures, research and evidence based cupping. The most important skills acquired by trainees were proper scarification and precisely selecting points of cupping. The trainees suggested increase in number of case studies, sessions and duration of hands-on training for improving training course. The attendees' feedback positively supported all the six items of assessment form concerning both trainers and trainees and offered some strategies for improving training courses. The evaluation of training programs using trainees' feedback or other methods needs to be regularly practiced in all healthcare centers of learning and training not only in Saudi Arabia but also other Gulf countries.

This manual presents a meticulous exploration of Pakistan's National Counter Narcotics Policy and the operational framework of the ANF, enriched with international perspectives from the United States, Thailand, and other global entities. It provides comprehensive lessons on policy frameworks, operational strategies, and collaborative efforts at national and international levels.
The curriculum includes a detailed analysis of the Zero Poppy Strategy, alternative development initiatives, and preventive measures against illicit drug flows. It also delves into the ANF's organizational structure, specialized units, and operational successes. Comparative analyses with international counter-narcotics policies provide trainees with a global perspective, while the integration of case studies, exercises, and interactive learning modules ensures engagement and practical understanding.
The lessons also encompass global drug trends, concealment methods, screening challenges, and evolving detection techniques, providing a holistic view of the narcotics landscape. By aligning with the ANFA block syllabus, this manual ensures comprehensive coverage of the topics essential to counter-narcotics operations.

The Ministry of Finance (MoF) aims to enhance employee performance through suitable education and training opportunities. Based on the data of education and training implementation in 2022 at the Central ICT Department in MoF, only 27.35% of employees participated in education and training according to proposed needs for both positions and individuals. This is partly due to mandatory training that must be attended by some or all employees, urgent needs in the current year, or the substitute participants that is not from the same team or function. To address this issue, the association method of data mining techniques can be utilized to analyze historical data of employees. The study used the apriori algorithm to analyze historical data of employee positions, organizations, and education and training from 2011 to 2021. This research involved comparing various minimum support values, assuming that employees attended at least 2, 3, and 4 training courses, to calculate the corresponding minimum support values. The evaluation results of the model show that the best rules are generated with a minimum support value of 0.013 and a minimum confidence value of 0.6, which is a total of 10 rules. One of the training recommendations is that if an employee has taken the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)-API Management training, they will take the ESB API Integration Platform training. Furthermore, it can be used by the Human Resource Unit to provide education and training aligned with organizational needs and improve employee competency in line with their duties and functions, leading to better overall organizational performance.

Background: The feedback of attendees' constitutes an important tool for the evaluation of training programs directed towards healthcare professionals. Objective: Using trainees' feedback, this study aimed to assess cupping (Al-Hijamah) training

Criminal law offers the possibility of interfering with human life. To avoid such unjustified interference, society and the state must guarantee that human and civil rights are protected and that the standards established in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are observed. Therefore, it is important to analyze the dynamics of the implementation of the protective function in the conviction of crimes in the interpretation of the European Court of Human Rights ECHR. In the methodological, he made of dialectics and documentary observation. The work aims to analyze the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, which tracks the dynamics of the protection function in sentencing for crimes. As a result of the study, the dynamics of the protection function in sentencing for criminal offenses were clarified through the practice of the ECHR, the problematic issues of the implementation of the protection function were analyzed in the example of Ukra...

The 2008 annual teacher training workshop was designed to familiarize teachers involved in PIEDAR’s CEEPAL programme in the use of the recently produced CEEPAL Manuals so that they could enable their students to use them.  ISS was engaged to design a one-day training programme for this purpose, to be implemented by Razia Jaffer, Associate Director, ISS.  The workshop agenda developed by ISS was approved by PIEDAR with some minor modifications. Teachers carried out activities related to the Urdu, English, Science and Arts & Crafts CEEPAL Manuals,

The contributions to this special section reflected experiences with diverse models of psychotherapy, as well as experiences in both research and programmatic teaching contexts. However, all of the authors share a familiarity with the use of treatment manuals to guide training. While differences of opinions occasionally can be detected, the contributors produced several recurrent recommendations for improving psychotherapy training. The first two recommendations refer to specific areas of knowledge and skill, while the remainder refer to teaching formats and methods.

The USAID-funded Health Policy Project (HPP) in Ethiopia builds the capacity of leaders to increase demand for and use of evidence for family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) services in support of the strategic planning monitoring and evaluation of programs nationally and in selected regions.To strengthen the capacity of national planning bodies professional associations training institutions and research partners in this area HPP collaborated with the Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA) to provide trainings and technical updates on key FP/RH models including the GAP (Gather Analyze and Plan) Tool and a selection from the Spectrum System of Policy Models. To ensure that participants would apply the skills learned HPP and EPHA designed and implemented a pilot mentorship program that paired selected trainees and master trainers as mentees and mentors respectively. To document the lessons learned and obtain participant feedback on the training and mentorship program an ...

Army Project Number Education and Training 2Q283743A794 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. iiiI FORE WORD Limited time and wide geographical dispersion of units are two of the major training constraints encountered by the Army National Guard and Reserve,, i.e., the Reserve Component (RC). In response to these constraints, the RC is considering using technology to deliver training to the soldier at convenient times and places, thereby reducing the effect of unit dispersion and ensuring that available training time is used effectively and efficiently to achieve maximum performance benefits. This report is designed to assist the RC to select appropriate technology for delivering training and was developed by the Training Technology Field Activity-Gowen Field (TTFA-GF), whose mission is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of RC training through the testing and application of trainingI technology. The research task supporting this mission is entitled "Applic.ation of Technology to Meet Reserve Component Needs" and is organized under the NMaintain the Force' program area. The National Guard Bureau (NGB) and the Idaho Army National Guard (IDARNG) sponsored this project under the Memorandum of Understanding signed 12 June 1985 that established the TTFA-GF. Project results have been signed to Chief, Training Support Branch, NGB, and the Assistant Adjutant General of Idaho.

In 2012, through Executive Order 80, s. 2012, the government adopted a Performance-Based Incentive System (PBIS) for employees in the public sector to reward exemplary performance, align individual personnel and departmental efforts with organizational targets, and improve service delivery. The PBIS is composed of the productivity enhancement incentive, an across-the-board bonus given to all government employees, and the performance-based bonus (PBB) given to qualified employees. Provision of the PBB is also associated with the organization-wide compliance with different eligibility requirements (e.g., citizens charter, transparency seal, ISO certification), which have been constantly changing over the years. Compliance with these requirements has, de facto, become part of the roll-out objectives of the PBB.

Background Access to surgical care is a pressing challenge, particularly for vulnerable populations. Informal and formal community health workers (CHWs), including lay people, increasingly function in pivotal roles in primary care, however, remain disconnected from surgical care in most environments. This study examined the degree to which CHW understanding of surgical conditions could be improved through the use of a pictorially based manual. Methods A manual and associated situational problem-solving questionnaire instrument were developed and contextualized through focus groups in Central America. A baseline assessment was obtained. In the program implementation, cohorts of formal and informal CHWs were introduced and trained to use the manual through a short curriculum. Assessment was repeated in program implementation, first with access to relevant manual content only, and then after the teaching session. Participants were also surveyed about manual scheme, usability, and utility. Results A total of 100 subjects (67% female) participated in baseline assessment, and 403 subjects (68% female) were assessed through the program implementation. Baseline problem-solving averaged 11.8 (SD 2.46) out of a possible 20 points. Mean score increased to 15.4 (SD 3.10) when participants had access to relevant surgical manual content and again to 15.9 (SD 3.09, p \ 0.0001) following participation with an instructive curriculum. Participant score while utilizing the manual correlated with amount of education completed (r = 0.26), but baseline score did not. High readability 389 (96%) and high self-reported willingness for use 398 (96%) were noted. Conclusion Baseline familiarity with surgically treatable conditions appears modest among rural Central American populations, and improves with access to a contextualized, pictorial manual focused on recognizing and appropriately referring surgical conditions. Sebastian Gualy and Christopher Herrera have contributed equally to this work. Please note that this study has eight authors. The international, multisite nature of this study, with core involvement of surgeons, statisticians, and global health researchers from several sites were included in all key phases of the study. Each meets WJS criteria as an author.

Importance of Early Childhood Education Early childhood is a crucial stage of life in terms of a child's physical, intellectual, emotional and social development. Growth of mental and physical abilities progress at an astounding rate and a very high proportion of learning takes place from birth to age six. It is a time when

In 2012, through Executive Order 80, s. 2012, the government adopted a Performance-Based Incentive System (PBIS) for employees in the public sector to reward exemplary performance, align individual personnel and departmental efforts with organizational targets, and improve service delivery. The PBIS is composed of the productivity enhancement incentive, an across-the-board bonus given to all government employees, and the performance-based bonus (PBB) given to qualified employees. Provision of the PBB is also associated with the organization-wide compliance with different eligibility requirements (e.g., citizens charter, transparency seal, ISO certification), which have been constantly changing over the years. Compliance with these requirements has, de facto, become part of the roll-out objectives of the PBB.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly critical global public health challenge. An initial step in prevention is the understanding of resistance patterns with accurate surveillance. To improve accurate surveillance and good clinical care, we developed training materials to improve the appropriate collection of clinical culture samples in Ethiopia. Methods: Specimen-collection training materials were initially developed by a team of infectious diseases physicians, a clinical microbiologist, and a monitoring and evaluation specialist using a training of trainers (ToT) platform. Revisions after each training session were provided by Ethiopian attendees including the addition of regional and culturally relevant material. The training format involved didactic presentations, interactive practice sessions with participants providing feedback and training to each other and the entire group as well as assessments of all training activities. Results: Overall, 4 rounds o...

Participation in Small Group Discussion Participation in Open Forum Aspects of the Workshop Participants Like Best Usefulness of the Manual in Promotion of Breastfeeding Recommendations for Improving Training-Workshop Comparison of the Pre-test Results of Experimental and Control Groups Comparative Distribution of Scores of the Experimental Group 16 Differences in Percent per Item of Knowledge test (Experimental Group) Comparison of Post-test Results of Experimental and Control Groups Differences in Percent Per Item of the Knowledge Test (Pre-test-Experimental Group Post-test Control Group) Comparison of Post-test II Results of Experimental and Control Groups Comparison of Pre-test and Post-test I Results of the Experimental Groups (Attitude) Pre-test Results of the Experimental & Control Groups Pre-test and Post-test Results of the Control Group Post-test I Results of the Experimental and Control Group Comparative Post-test II Results on the Attitude of Experimental and Control Groups

Research has shown that gender role development is socially constructed and learned from birth. In this study, the impact of child care and the interactions that take place there are examined, with a focus on gender behavior and stereotypes. Observation data and analysis are presented. Themes representing gender stereotypes and the breaking of gender barriers are examined, and the role

Institutional barriers can hinder effective access and utilisation of Newcastle disease vaccines among smallholder chicken farmers. Many studies have focused on formal institutional barriers with minimal focus on informal institutions-unwritten rules and regulations that govern access and utilisation of Newcastle vaccines. However, informal institutions are more profound and encultured in individuals' daily activities. This study sought to investigate informal institutional barriers to access and utilisation of Newcastle disease vaccines among women smallholder chicken farmers in Makueni, Kenya. The cross-sectional qualitative study employed in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions as data collection methods. Study informants were conveniently and purposively sampled. Informal institutional barriers to access and utilisation included: fear of Newcastle disease vaccine as a new technology, use of herbal remedies, mistrust of community vaccinators, gender division of labour, ownership of household resources and beliefs that indigenous chickens do not need vaccines. The study concludes that women chicken farmers are constrained by unwritten rules, norms, regulations and gender roles that hinder their access to and utilisation of the Newcastle disease vaccines. The need to examine informal institutions to identify and eradicate barriers to access and utilisation of Newcastle disease vaccines by farmers is recommended.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly critical global public health challenge. An initial step in prevention is the understanding of resistance patterns with accurate surveillance. To improve accurate surveillance and good clinical care, we developed training materials to improve the appropriate collection of clinical culture samples in Ethiopia. Methods: Specimen-collection training materials were initially developed by a team of infectious diseases physicians, a clinical microbiologist, and a monitoring and evaluation specialist using a training of trainers (ToT) platform. Revisions after each training session were provided by Ethiopian attendees including the addition of regional and culturally relevant material. The training format involved didactic presentations, interactive practice sessions with participants providing feedback and training to each other and the entire group as well as assessments of all training activities. Results: Overall, 4 rounds o...

Background Access to surgical care is a pressing challenge, particularly for vulnerable populations. Informal and formal community health workers (CHWs), including lay people, increasingly function in pivotal roles in primary care, however, remain disconnected from surgical care in most environments. This study examined the degree to which CHW understanding of surgical conditions could be improved through the use of a pictorially based manual. Methods A manual and associated situational problem-solving questionnaire instrument were developed and contextualized through focus groups in Central America. A baseline assessment was obtained. In the program implementation, cohorts of formal and informal CHWs were introduced and trained to use the manual through a short curriculum. Assessment was repeated in program implementation, first with access to relevant manual content only, and then after the teaching session. Participants were also surveyed about manual scheme, usability, and utility. Results A total of 100 subjects (67% female) participated in baseline assessment, and 403 subjects (68% female) were assessed through the program implementation. Baseline problem-solving averaged 11.8 (SD 2.46) out of a possible 20 points. Mean score increased to 15.4 (SD 3.10) when participants had access to relevant surgical manual content and again to 15.9 (SD 3.09, p \ 0.0001) following participation with an instructive curriculum. Participant score while utilizing the manual correlated with amount of education completed (r = 0.26), but baseline score did not. High readability 389 (96%) and high self-reported willingness for use 398 (96%) were noted. Conclusion Baseline familiarity with surgically treatable conditions appears modest among rural Central American populations, and improves with access to a contextualized, pictorial manual focused on recognizing and appropriately referring surgical conditions. Sebastian Gualy and Christopher Herrera have contributed equally to this work. Please note that this study has eight authors. The international, multisite nature of this study, with core involvement of surgeons, statisticians, and global health researchers from several sites were included in all key phases of the study. Each meets WJS criteria as an author.

This study aimed to train health care professionals in a mental health assessment and care plan package designed for Aboriginal clients and carers and to evaluate the training and the package. The package has been developed over two years of consultation and encourages a collaborative, culturally appropriate approach to mental health assessment and care planning using motivational counselling techniques and relapse prevention strategies. Seventeen workshops were delivered in a range of settings to 261 service providers between 2006 and 2008. The training used the tools developed through the AIMhi 'Story Telling Project' and included multimedia resources, and activities designed to bridge the cross cultural and literacy gap in remote communities, including role play and skills practice. The training was well received and pre-and post-workshop evaluations show that participants found the workshops interesting and useful, and significantly improved in their confidence in assessment and communication, and their knowledge of early warning signs and treatment. The findings suggest a need in both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous workforce for further training, in both undergraduate and postgraduate settings, and in specialist and primary care. This study aimed to train health care professionals in a mental health assessment and care plan package designed for Aboriginal clients and carers and to evaluate the training and the package. The package has been developed over two years of consultation and encourages a collaborative, culturally appropriate approach to mental health assessment and care planning using motivational counselling techniques and relapse prevention strategies. Seventeen workshops were delivered in a range of settings to 261 service providers between 2006 and 2008. The training used the tools developed through the AIMhi 'Story Telling Project' and included multimedia resources, and activities designed to bridge the cross cultural and literacy gap in remote communities, including role play and skills practice. The training was well received and pre-and post-workshop evaluations show that participants found the workshops interesting and useful, and significantly improved in their confidence in assessment and communication, and their knowledge of early warning signs and treatment. The findings suggest a need in both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous workforce for further training, in both undergraduate and postgraduate settings, and in specialist and primary care.

Criminal law of Ukraine on punishment and other criminal measures is analysed in this training manual as a part of scientific and educational project on formatting the academic background and training bachelors of law in English. The set of training sessions and basic ideas on fundamentals of punishment and other coercive measures in Ukraine in comparison with ECHR practice and modern criminal law concepts is given. The training manual was prepared under auspices of fundamental scientific research “Euro integrational criminal-legal policy of Ukraine” No. 0118U003677 and would be helpful for scholars in the field of comparative criminal justice, future judges, detectives, investigators, prosecutors and members of the bar.

Кримінальне право України щодо покарань та інших заходів кримінально-правового впливу аналізується у цьому навчальному посібнику як частина науково-освітнього проекту з форматування академічного досвіду та підготовки бакалаврів юридичних наук англійською мовою. Наведено комплекс навчальних занять та основні ідеї з основ покарання та інших заходів примусового характеру в Україні у порівнянні із практикою ЄСПЛ та сучасними концепціями кримінального права. Навчальний посібник підготовлений під егідою фундаментального наукового дослідження «Євроінтеграційна кримінально-правова політика України», державний реєстраційний номер 0118U003677, і буде корисним для науковців у галузі порівняльного кримінального права, майбутніх суддів, детективів, слідчих, прокурорів та членів адвокатури.

This is an Instructor Guide written for the Instructor who conducts training for Primary School Teachers in Govt. Primary Teachers' Training Institute in Bangladesh. It discussed pedagogical and technical knowledge and skills necessary for the teaching profession.

This study aimed to train health care professionals in a mental health assessment and care plan package designed for Aboriginal clients and carers and to evaluate the training and the package. The package has been developed over two years of consultation and encourages a collaborative, culturally appropriate approach to mental health assessment and care planning using motivational counselling techniques and relapse prevention strategies. Seventeen workshops were delivered in a range of settings to 261 service providers between 2006 and 2008. The training used the tools developed through the AIMhi 'Story Telling Project' and included multimedia resources, and activities designed to bridge the cross cultural and literacy gap in remote communities, including role play and skills practice. The training was well received and pre-and post-workshop evaluations show that participants found the workshops interesting and useful, and significantly improved in their confidence in assessment and communication, and their knowledge of early warning signs and treatment. The findings suggest a need in both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous workforce for further training, in both undergraduate and postgraduate settings, and in specialist and primary care. This study aimed to train health care professionals in a mental health assessment and care plan package designed for Aboriginal clients and carers and to evaluate the training and the package. The package has been developed over two years of consultation and encourages a collaborative, culturally appropriate approach to mental health assessment and care planning using motivational counselling techniques and relapse prevention strategies. Seventeen workshops were delivered in a range of settings to 261 service providers between 2006 and 2008. The training used the tools developed through the AIMhi 'Story Telling Project' and included multimedia resources, and activities designed to bridge the cross cultural and literacy gap in remote communities, including role play and skills practice. The training was well received and pre-and post-workshop evaluations show that participants found the workshops interesting and useful, and significantly improved in their confidence in assessment and communication, and their knowledge of early warning signs and treatment. The findings suggest a need in both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous workforce for further training, in both undergraduate and postgraduate settings, and in specialist and primary care.

Early childhood is a crucial stage of life in terms of a child's physical, intellectual, emotional and social development. Growth of mental and physical abilities progress at an astounding rate and a very high proportion of learning takes place from birth to age six. It is a time when children particularly need high quality personal care and learning experiences.

Newcastle Disease (ND) is regarded as one of the major diseases of poultry because of the devastating losses that the virulent form of the virus can impose on both commercial and village chicken. However, the disease can be controlled through the administration of effective vaccines. Almost all the commercially available vaccines require refrigeration and begin to deteriorate rapidly after 1-2 hours if left at room temperature (around 25°C). Subsequently, because maintaining an adequate supply of refrigerated facilities may be a difficult task in many developing countries with unreliable electrical supplies, the development and large scale production and utilization of an effective thermo-stable Newcastle disease vaccine seems imperative to support rural poultry industry. Participatory/action research on vaccination of village poultry against Newcastle disease (ND) was carried out in two selected villages of Bullie district of Gedio zone, southern Ethiopia; with an objective to demonstrate community based thermo-stable ND vaccination scheme and thereby; to increase the population of chicken in backyard production system. We have selected four community vaccinators, two per each village and trained on diagnosis of major poultry diseases, with the major emphasis on Newcastle disease, on preparation, handling and administration of thermo-sable ND vaccine. From the two villages, we have vaccinated 362 chicken of all age ranges of 54 households, in the two rounds. For the vaccination we have selected a site which is suitable for household members to bring their chicken for vaccine administration. We used eye drop technique to administer a vaccine, by preparing one eye drop in one dose base for all age groups. We administered a vaccine before a pick prevalence of Newcastle disease in the study area, for the remaining three months, data was collected on the mortality rate of the chicken. The result shows that, of the total vaccinated chicken (362) from the two villages on the two rounds, 51 chicken were dead due to diseases, of the cases with a clinical sign not related with Newcastle disease. The total mortality rate of 14%, in this study shows that, thermo-stable Newcastle disease vaccine applied via eye drop is the most effective method for control Newcastle disease in village chicken. Therefore; with proper use of vaccine and vaccination programs using well trained community vaccinators, we can reduce village chicken mortality highly to enhance productivity of rural community at large.

Water availability for Abeokuta, a sub humid part of Nigeria was determined using Blaney-Criddle method and applying 21 years of data on precipitation, sunshine hours, wind speed, minimum and maximum temperature and relative humidity. The water need of certain crops within the study area such as cotton, maize, pepper and tomato were derived. This was done by calculating the evapo-transpiration values for each month within the study period, estimating the growth stages of the crops, the crop factor for each growth stage, the crop factor for each of the month during the growing season, calculating the daily crop water need and the monthly crop water need. Result showed that the crop water need for the growing season of maize is 375 mm. It also showed that maize can be planted conveniently within its growing season without irrigation in Abeokuta. The result obtained for cotton showed that the crop water need for the growing season is 588 mm and that the plant could be planted during it...