Transport Planning

RESUMO Este estudo avalia como as relações entre variáveis socioeconômicas e viagens por modo coletivo (variável resposta) foram alteradas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo entre 2017 e 2023. Foram utilizados os microdados das Pesquisas OD 2017 e 2023. Foram empregados modelos de regressão binomial negativa conjuntos, com variável dummy para os anos e termos de interação. Tal metodologia permitiu quantificar diretamente as mudanças nos efeitos das variáveis preditoras ao longo do tempo. Os resultados revelam interações estatisticamente significativas entre ano e matrículas particulares (MatPartic) indicando que o impacto dessa variável sobre o transporte coletivo mudou drasticamente após a pandemia. A influência positiva de MatPartic sobre as viagens coletivas caiu entre 2017 e 2023 cerca de 31,1%. Estes achados fornecem insights cruciais para o planejamento da mobilidade urbana e gestão do transporte público.

Este estudo aplica Análise de Correspondência Múltipla às Pesquisas OD 2017/2023 da RMSP. Resultados mostram que usuários de táxi mantêm perfil de renda, escolaridade e idade elevados, porém com padrões mais fragmentados no pós-pandemia, indicando maior complexidade para a modelagem de demanda. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: táxis convencionais e não convencionais, Análise de Correspondência Múltipla, Pesquisa Origem Destino, RMSP

Presently the railway is the most used means of transport, and as such there is a need to digitalize and automate rail planning and operation. The automation of rail operations requires large amounts of data, but most industry stakeholders are reluctant to share data. Moreover, sensor data is being collected, although the processing and exploitation of these data are faced with legal, economic, or technical setbacks. This has necessitated the development of decentralized data ecosystems such as "data spaces" which provide a solution for trusted data sharing through dedicated connectors that enables reliable and secure data hub. Accordingly, this article discusses how the Federated Rail Data Space (RDS) implemented as part of Europe's Rail FP1 MOTIONAL project is leveraged for developing digital twin data representation of rail operations. Furthermore, RDS incorporates trusted data exchange, ensuring transparency and accountability among stakeholders, e.g., manufacturers, suppliers, assets and infrastructure managers. The findings present an architectural concept that shows how data space connectors support reliable and secure data sharing for digital twins of rail assets. Overall, the RDS enables the development of digital twin models that use data in real time for rail planning and operations. The RDS offers technological building blocks for the rail twin transition.

Highlights  Addresses the critical bottleneck of centralized port governance that restricts regional growth and causes trillion-Naira annual losses.  Integrates Fiscal Federalism and New Economic Geography to analyze how devolution counteracts the-core-periphery‖ congestion trap.  Proposes a Landlord Port Model and strategic redistribution of traffic to underutilized regional hubs in the Delta and SouthEast.  Provides a framework to reduce vessel turnaround times and trade costs, transforming marginalized coastal regions into competitive growth poles.  Advocates for institutional devolution beyond mere concessioning to unlock Nigeria's maritime potential and enhance global trade competitiveness.

The unsignaled intersection of Jalan H Djole – Jalan Pasar Lama in Bekasi City is a densely populated commercial area with high economic activity. The lack of facilities and infrastructure that causes traffic jams at the intersection also raises the potential for conflict. This study aims to analyze the level of service, the type of conflict, and the traffic conflict complexity at an unsignaled intersection. The field survey method obtains primary data on the conflict approach and traffic volume. The analysis showed that the highest traffic volume was 3,810 passenger cars unit/hour with a DS value of 1.06 and LOS F. The number of conflicts that occurred during one hour of observation at peak hours was 420. Most of the conflicts that arose were straight-right, turned movements of 138.

Terletak di perbatasan Kabupaten Nganjuk dan Kabupaten Madiun merupakan potensi sebagai representasi "wajah kota" Kabupaten Madiun Lahan merupakan milik PT. KAI yang boleh dimanfaatkan dengan system sewa. Dengan latar belakang hutan milik perhutani merupakan nilai tambah vista kawasan Dilewati jalur KA jalur lintas kota Surabaya -Madiun -Solo. Jalur KA juga bisa sebagai nilai tambah vista kawasan Jalan Raya Saradan merupakan Jalan Nasional. Dilewati oleh kendaraan angkut yang sering berhenti di sekitar lokasi kajian Imbas dari adanya kendaraan yang berhenti di lokasi kajian, menimbulkan munculnya warung2. yang menjadi kekhawatiran adalah adanya indikasi prostitusi di dalam warung2 tersebut Pada dasarnya kendaraan berhenti di sekitar lokasi kajian adalah untuk mempersiapkan kendaraan menghadapi tanjakan jalan. Selain itu juga karena rata2 kendaraan sudah menempuh perjalanan jauh (perhitungan ada di slide selanjutnya) Total luas lahan PT. KAI A. Batas aliran air = 5,50755Ha B.

Aktivitas akademik di perguruan tinggi menyebabkan mahasiswa melakukan mobilitas secara rutin dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi pola mobilitas tersebut adalah jarak tempat tinggal terhadap kampus, yang dapat berhubungan dengan moda transportasi yang digunakan, lama perjalanan, dan tingkat keterlambatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jarak tempat tinggal mahasiswa Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dengan pola mobilitas mereka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner kepada 19 mahasiswa Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa tinggal relatif dekat dengan kampus dan menjadikan sepeda motor sebagai moda transportasi utama. Mayoritas responden juga hadir ke kampus lebih dari lima hari dalam satu minggu dan hanya mengalami keterlambatan dalam kategori rendah. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa jarak tempat tinggal berpengaruh terhadap pola mobilitas mahasiswa, meskipun keterlambatan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh faktor tersebut. Kondisi lalu lintas, pilihan moda transportasi, dan pengelolaan waktu turut berkontribusi terhadap mobilitas mahasiswa menuju kampus. Kata Kunci: mobilitas mahasiswa, jarak tempat tinggal, transportasi, aksesibilitas, keterlambatan.

Buku Perencanaan Pelabuhan Sungai, Danau dan Penyeberangan (SDP) memuat tentang pengetahuan terhadap perencanaan pelabuhan SDP. Buku ini disusun berdasarkan referensi terkini yang diharapkan dapat membantu pembaca untuk menambah pengetahuan terhadap perencanaan pelabuhan dan diharapkan sebagai panduan komprehensif dalam perencanaan pelabuhan yang berlokasi di sungai, danau, serta pelabuhan penyeberangan. Dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan transportasi yang efisien dan berkelanjutan, perencanaan pelabuhan menjadi aspek krusial dalam pengembangan infrastruktur transportasi di Indonesia. Buku ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam mengenai berbagai aspek yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam perencanaan pelabuhan, termasuk aspek teknis, lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Buku ini terdiri dari 5 Bab antara lain pendahuluan memuat tentang BAB I tentang sejarah perkembangan pelabuhan sungai, pentingnya perencanaan pelabuhan peran pelabuhan, BAB II memuat tentang Pelabuhan Sungai, Danau dan Penyeberangan (SDP)secara umum tentang definisi,karakteristik Pelabuhan Sungai, Danau dan Penyeberangan (SDP), DLKP dan DLKR Pelabuhan dan fasilitas pelabuhan, BAB III memuat tentang dasar perencanaan pelabuhan meliputi suvey dalam perencanaan, perencanaan pelabuhan dan pengarus kondisi alam, BAB IV memuat tentang Fasilitas- Fasilitas Pelabuhan SDP seperti alur pelayaran, kolam pelabuhan, dermaga,pemecah gelombang, fender, fasilitas mooring, boulder, fasilitas B/M, fasilitas penyimpanan muatan dan parkir kendaraan serta terminal penumpang di pelabuhan dan tyang terakhir dan BAB V memuat tentang Parameter Pelabuhan terdiri dari panjang, lebar dan kedalaman dermaga, penentuan dermaga apung dan Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) Pelabuhan Penyeberangan. Buku ini diharapkan bermanfaat bagi pembaca guna menambah ilmu pengetahuan di bidang perencanaan pelabuhan Sungai, Danau dan Penyeberangan (SDP)

The rapid digitization of transportation fare collection systems has introduced new vulnerabilities, with fraudulent transactions and system faults increasingly evading rule-based detection. This paper presents a hybrid data mining framework for real-time anomaly detection in transportation transactions, combining unsupervised clustering (K-means with adaptive Mahalanobis distance) and supervised classification (XGBoost tuned via Bayesian optimization) within a sliding-window architecture. The approach is evaluated on three months of smart card tap-in/tap-out data from a metropolitan bus and rail network, comprising over 12 million transactions. Results show a detection latency under 850 milliseconds per transactionsuitable for edge deployment at ticket gates-with a precision of 0.94 and recall of 0.89, outperforming standalone isolation forests and autoencoders. The hybrid model successfully identifies fare evasion, cloned card patterns, and sensor drift anomalies without prior labeling of fraud types. A lightweight incremental update mechanism is introduced to adapt to concept drift in passenger behavior over weekends and peak hours. The system reduces manual auditing workload by 72% in a controlled deployment. Findings suggest that hybrid data mining, combining unsupervised feature extraction with supervised classification, offers a practical path toward real-time fraud mitigation in legacy transit infrastructure.

Real-time traffic management systems increasingly rely on hybrid recommendation models that combine collaborative filtering, content-based methods, and contextual data to optimize route guidance and congestion mitigation. However, in highly dynamic traffic conditionssuch as sudden incidents, temporary road closures, or unpredictable weather events-these hybrid approaches can fail due to data sparsity, concept drift, or latency mismatches between offline training and online deployment. This paper proposes a multi-layered fallback framework designed to maintain service continuity when primary hybrid recommenders degrade. The framework includes: (1) a knowledge-driven rule engine that invokes pre-defined traffic heuristics, (2) a lightweight greedy algorithm for near-real-time rerouting under strict latency budgets, and (3) a default transition to infrastructure-based fixed policies or crowdsourced average speeds when both collaborative and content signals become unreliable. Experimental evaluation using real-world floating car data and simulated incident scenarios shows that the proposed fallback sequence reduces recommendation failure rate by 42% compared to single-model retraining, while keeping additional computational overhead below 15%. These results highlight the practical importance of graceful degradation mechanisms in next-generation intelligent transportation systems.

China has outpaced most countries in BRT expansion over recent decades, with 39 systems currently in operation. This study uses crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) to identify the multiple pathways through which major Chinese cities have adopted-or failed to adopt-BRT. Seven factors are considered: transport infrastructure, financial resources, competition with rail transit, opposition from motorists, political championship, urban rivalry, and public demand. The analysis reveals that none of these factors are individually necessary; rather, their interaction determines outcomes. Five pathways are identified: the 'high need', 'fiscal rationality', and 'urban boosterism' pathways enable BRT adoption, while the 'car culture' and 'content state' pathways hinder it. The study reveals configurational pathways rather than "silver bullet" explanations and offers practical guidance for policymakers in different urban contexts.

This study determines impacts of seasonal variations for augmenting farmers' agricultural activities in extreme Northern Nigeria. The data were mainly derived from several sources including maps of Nigeria and the selected States, population figures from records of the National Population Commission and from internet and library sources, as well as from questionnaire survey of farmers' opinion. Stepwise sampling technique was employed in the selection of respondents for the questionnaire survey. Simple descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test were used in analysing the variations within and between states in the influence of seasonal variations on agricultural activities, on one hand, and testing association between influence of seasonal variations and agricultural activities, on the other. It was concluded that 91% of agricultural activities are influenced by seasonal variations in the extremeNorthern Nigeria, to the extent that the association between the influences and agricultural activities (χ2 = 15.47), explained with no variations (F-value = 0.008), indicated influences on farmers' socioeconomic status, market value and water availability. It was recommended among others that Governments and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should support and motivate farmers by enhancing their welfare, job security improvement and adequate supply of equipment and materials.

Resumo: Apresenta-se alguns resultados da primeira fase do projeto de identificação e inventário sistemático das torres de vigia do Algarve, que partiu do registo de quinze torres no sistema de informação nacional para uma atualização de oitenta e seis estruturas com o trabalho agora realizado. Desenvolve-se a metodologia de estudo, o trabalho de campo realizado e a análise dos dados, apresentando as primeiras considerações enquadradas pela análise do contexto histórico e do meio natural. Pondera-se o valor nacional deste conjunto de bens culturais, fundamentado no significado histórico-cultural, na coesão funcional e geográfica e na autenticidade da arquitetura vernacular e divulga-se um conjunto de propostas de salvaguarda e valorização deste património cultural.

Skripsi ini membahas peningkatan kualitas pengisian bahan bakar High Sulphur Fuel Oil (HSFO) dan efisiensi operasional Kapal LNG Pelita Energy dengan studi kasus di Pelabuhan Patimban. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji meliputi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas pengisian HSFO, pengaruh kualitas bahan bakar terhadap efisiensi operasional kapal, serta strategi optimal yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses bunkering dan kinerja operasional kapal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi, studi pustaka, dan analisis lapangan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT, termasuk identifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal melalui pendekatan IFAS dan EFAS, untuk merumuskan strategi peningkatan kualitas pengisian bahan bakar dan efisiensi operasional kapal.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas HSFO yang diterima di atas kapal harus memenuhi spesifikasi teknis yang dipersyaratkan, terutama terkait kandungan air, kestabilan bahan bakar, serta kesesuaian dengan kebutuhan mesin kapal. Kualitas bahan bakar yang tidak sesuai dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada performa mesin, peningkatan risiko pressure drop, pemborosan konsumsi bahan bakar, dan penurunan efisiensi operasional. Upaya pengendalian dilakukan melalui pengambilan sampel bahan bakar untuk uji laboratorium, perawatan rutin terhadap fuel oil heater dan automatic control valve, pembersihan filter secara berkala, serta monitoring sistem bahan bakar secara teratur. Strategi yang direkomendasikan meliputi peningkatan kerja sama dengan pemasok, pengawasan ketat selama proses bunkering, optimalisasi logistik pelabuhan, pelatihan personel, diversifikasi sumber pasokan bahan bakar, serta penerapan prosedur keselamatan dan lingkungan secara konsisten. Dengan strategi tersebut, kualitas pengisian HSFO dan efisiensi operasional kapal LNG Pelita Energy di Pelabuhan Patimban dapat ditingkatkan secara lebih efektif, aman, dan berkelanjutan.

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan merancang desain
eksterior kisi-kisi pada koridor sekolah dasar mitra sebagai solusi terhadap
permasalahan tampias hujan dan panas berlebih yang mengganggu kenyamanan
aktivitas belajar. Koridor yang menjadi fokus kegiatan merupakan penghubung antara
ruang kelas dan perpustakaan. Mitra kegiatan melibatkan pihak sekolah, khususnya
guru dan pengelola sarana prasarana, yang berperan aktif dalam diskusi dan evaluasi.
Solusi yang ditawarkan berupa desain kisi-kisi eksterior dengan rangka besi hollow dan
penutup Aluminium Composite Panel (ACP) bermodul 1×1 meter berwarna putih dan
abu-abu. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi observasi lapangan, diskusi partisipatif, serta
perancangan desain konseptual dengan mempertimbangkan aspek fungsional, estetika,
dan kondisi iklim setempat. Monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan melalui observasi serta
wawancara reflektif. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa 90% responden menilai desain
sesuai kebutuhan sekolah dan layak dijadikan acuan renovasi. Rancangan ini diharapkan
mampu meningkatkan kenyamanan serta kualitas lingkungan belajar.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία επικεντρώνεται στη μοντελοποίηση των ταλαντώσεων λόγω αποκόλλησης δινών (Vortex-Induced Vibrations, σε συντομογραφία VIV) από κυλινδρικά σώματα, μέσω της ανάπτυξης ενός μη γραμμικού, υδροδυναμικού μοντέλου βασισμένου σε ταλαντωτή τύπου van der Pol. Οι VIV αποτελούν κρίσιμο μηχανισμό διέγερσης λόγω ροής για υποθαλάσσιους αγωγούς, καλώδια και υπεράκτιες κατασκευές, καθώς η περιοδική αποκόλληση δινών μπορεί να προκαλέσει σημαντικά δυναμικά φορτία, παρατεταμένες ταλαντώσεις και επιταχυνόμενη δομική κόπωση.
Το μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο βασίζεται στη σύζευξη της εξίσωσης κίνησης της δομής με έναν ταλαντωτή απόρρου τύπου van der Pol, ο οποίος αναπαριστά τη μη γραμμική περιοδικότητα και τον μηχανισμό αυτορρύθμισης της δυναμικής του απορρέοντος στροβιλισμού. Το συζευγμένο σύστημα επιλύεται αριθμητικά με τη μέθοδο Runge-Kutta 4ης τάξης, ενώ παράλληλα εφαρμόζεται Ανάλυση Γραμμικής Ευστάθειας (κριτήριο Routh-Hurwitz / διχοτόμηση Hopf) για τον προσδιορισμό της κρίσιμης ταχύτητας εμφάνισης αυτοδιεγειρόμενων ταλαντώσεων και της ανάπτυξης του limit cycle (σταθερής περιοδικής ταλάντωσης στην οποία το σύστημα συγκλίνει μόνο του). Εξετάζονται τρεις μορφές σύζευξης – ταχύτητας, επιτάχυνσης και μικτή – ενώ διερευνάται η επίδραση βασικών παραμέτρων, οι οποίες είναι: ο αδιάστατος λόγος μάζας, ο συντελεστής απόσβεσης, η παράμετρος μη γραμμικότητας του van der Pol ταλαντωτή και ο αριθμός Strouhal, (m*, ζ, ε, St) στο πλάτος και τη συχνότητα ταλάντωσης, καθώς και στην ενεργειακή ισορροπία του συστήματος.
Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η μικτή μορφή σύζευξης προσφέρει την πιο ρεαλιστική και εκτεταμένη περιοχή lock-in, αναπαράγοντας με ακρίβεια πειραματικά δεδομένα της βιβλιογραφίας και αναδεικνύοντας τον ρόλο της μη γραμμικής απόσβεσης ως μηχανισμού αυτορρύθμισης του απορρέοντος στροβιλισμού. Η ενεργειακή ανάλυση επιβεβαιώνει ότι η ισορροπία μεταξύ εισερχόμενης και σκεδαζόμενης ισχύος καθορίζει την ανάπτυξη και σταθεροποίηση του limit cycle.
Συνολικά, το προτεινόμενο μοντέλο συνδυάζει υψηλή φυσική πιστότητα με υπολογιστική αποδοτικότητα, αποτελώντας ένα αξιόπιστο εργαλείο πρόβλεψης για προβλήματα ταλαντώσεων λόγω ροής και αλληλεπίδρασης ρευστού-κατασκευής, ενώ παράλληλα παρέχει μια ισχυρή βάση για τη μελλοντική ανάπτυξη προηγμένων μοντέλων μειωμένης τάξης για VIV.

Urban sub-centres have become a central instrument for managing metropolitan growth, relieving congestion, and promoting polycentric development. Yet the long-term fiscal and distributional consequences of alternative sub-centre configurations remain poorly understood, particularly regarding how location, employment-housing balance, and transport connectivity jointly determine land value gains and residential welfare across a cityregion. This study develops a spatial equilibrium modelling framework coupling household location behaviour with land market dynamics to evaluate how planning strategies shape land value uplift (LVU) and residential welfare over a twenty-year horizon. Applied to Shanghai through nine contrasting scenarios, the model endogenously resolves residential rents and location choices, converting these into estimates of net LVU (uplift net of acquisition costs) and consumer surplus. Results reveal a consistent spatial trade-off: coordinated subcentres 10 to 20 km from the existing core generate the highest sub-centre net LVU-up to ¥5.5 trillion (5.5% of city-regional GDP) above the trend baseline-but intensify affordability pressures for central residents; more distant sub-centres improve city-wide welfare but yield lower local fiscal returns. No spatial mismatch scenario simultaneously achieves positive gains in both dimensions, underscoring the structural necessity of integrated employment-housing planning. By embedding household location choice within a prospective scenario framework, the study advances land value capture (LVC) research beyond retrospective hedonic assessment and connects the fiscal-equity trade-off to broader debates on spatial justice and inclusive metropolitan growth. The modelling approach is conceptually transferable, though realising theoretical uplift through LVC instruments depends critically on land tenure, planning capacity, and governance structure. ☆ This article is part of a Special issue entitled: 'Spatial Governance of Urban Agglomeration' published in Cities.

Ha Long Bay (Vịnh Hạ Long) often written as Halong Bay, is famous for its stunning emerald waters and nearly 2000 tower karst limestone islands, many of which rise steeply or vertically 50 to 100m above the shallow waters. They are topped with rainforest and contain numerous caves, some of which are open to the public. The bay received UNESCO World Heritage site listing in 1994.
An account of visits to Hal Long Bay, Ti Top Island and both, Sung Sot and Luon caves, is provided along with some brief history and mythology surrounding these caves.

The BikeAgriTourism project combines agritourism and bike tourism to promote sustainable travel experiences. It creates eco-friendly "green paths" where tourists can enjoy cycling alongside agricultural and food-related activities. The project also provides training, digital courses, and tailored itineraries to support agritourism operators, VET trainers, and tourists, especially in remote areas.

Urban corridors have emerged as critical instruments for managing rapid urbanization in developing cities, yet their governance, social effects, and long-term sustainability remain underexplored in sub-Saharan African contexts. This study examines the practices, challenges, and prospects of corridor development along the 7-kilometre Megenagna-CMC axis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia-one of the city's most strategically significant urban arteries. Adopting a pragmatic mixed-methods design, the study drew on structured surveys administered to 346 residents, commuters, and business owners, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 24 urban planners and policymakers. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings reveal a fundamental tension between measurable physical progress-including road upgrades, utility installation, and improved service deliveryand persistent institutional and social deficits. Planning processes were perceived as opaque and top-down (mean = 2.63), stakeholder consultation as inadequate (mean = 2.63), and community displacement as the most severe challenge (mean = 3.54). Respondents nevertheless expressed strong optimism about long-term prospects, particularly regarding sustainable practices (mean = 3.90), land-use optimization (mean = 3.86), and transport connectivity (mean = 3.77). Community engagement (mean = 4.07) and environmental conservation (mean = 4.06) ranked as the most critical long-term strategies. The study concludes that sustainable corridor development requires shifting from infrastructure-centric to governance-centric approaches, embedding participatory planning, inter-agency coordination, and social protection mechanisms as foundational-not supplementary-elements of urban development policy.

Paper ini menyajikan analisis mendalam mengenai ketercapaian indikator makro dalam dokumen Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah (RPJPD) Provinsi Jawa Tengah periode 2025-2045. Menggunakan data historis dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Jawa Tengah, analisis ini menerapkan metode linear forecasting untuk memproyeksikan lima indikator utama: Tingkat Kemiskinan, Jumlah Pengunjung Mancanegara, Laju Inflasi, Harapan Lama Sekolah (HLS), dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi.

Poin utama dalam studi ini mencakup:

Normalisasi Data: Penyesuaian terhadap anomali data akibat pandemi COVID-19 (2020-2021) untuk meningkatkan akurasi proyeksi pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Evaluasi Target: Membandingkan hasil forecast tahun 2045 dengan target resmi dalam dokumen RPJPD.

Hasil Temuan: Analisis menunjukkan optimisme pada indikator kemiskinan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun menyoroti perlunya akselerasi pada indikator pendidikan (HLS) untuk mencapai target maksimal.

This quantitative research approach was applied using primary data collection through a structured online questionnaire distributed via Google forms from the local commuters who regularly travel through the public transportations to examine "Are the commuters in Dhaka willing to pay higher bus fares in exchange for improved public bus services. Although buses remain one of the most affordable transportation options in Dhaka where the existing services are mostly associated with overcrowding. Alternative modes of transport such as CNGs, motorcycles and private cars provide greater comfort and convenience at significantly higher cost. The research investigates how improvements in bus service quality could encaurage commuters to accept moderate increased fair. The findings of this paper reveal that 87.5% of respondents are reeling to pay a higher fair if the bus service says improve. Among them 39.2% are willing to pay an additional 5 to 10 taka while others are willing to pay even more depending on the level of service improvements. Faster and punctual travel, improved safety, better bus conditions, reduced overcrowding and guaranteed seating emerged as the most influential factors those are affecting commuter's preferences. This paper concludes that improved bus service quality can increase commuter's acceptance of moderate fair adjustments and potentially encourage greater reliance or public buses instead of private or alternative transport modes. And if it can be possible then the decreased dependency in alternative transportation can reduce the traffic of Dhaka's highway.

This paper analyzes the transformative role of the 1964 Hajj pilgrimage in the life and ideology of Malcolm X. Initially influenced by racial oppression and the separatist teachings of the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X viewed race relations through a framework of division and resistance. However, his experiences during Hajj exposed him to the universal principles of equality, brotherhood, and unity practiced within Islam, leading to a profound shift in his worldview.

The study examines how this spiritual journey transformed Malcolm X from a leader advocating racial separatism into a global voice for human rights and social justice. By analyzing his autobiography, speeches, and post-Hajj writings, the paper highlights the influence of Hajj on his embrace of Sunni Islam, his rejection of racial exclusivism, and his commitment to international solidarity against oppression.

Furthermore, the paper explores the establishment of organizations such as Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity as reflections of his transformed ideology. Ultimately, the study argues that Hajj not only redefined Malcolm X’s personal identity but also reshaped his political and intellectual legacy into one centered on universal human dignity, equality, and justice.

W roku 2006 Tramwaje Warszawskie zakupiły w firmie FPS (H. Cegielski Fabryka Pojazdów Szynowych Spółka z o.o.,właściwie Hipolit Cegielski Poznań – HCP) 30 sztuk wysokopodłogowych tramwajów typu 123N zwanych powszechnie „Hipolitami” (od patrona i założyciela poznańskiej fabryki). Wartość kontraktu wynosiła 56,8 mln zł, czyli jeden tramwaj typu 123N kosztował 1,89 mln zł (para 3,78 mlnzł); Jest to oczywiście znacznie mniej niż za tramwaj niskopodłogowy, który w roku 2008 kosztował w Polsce pomiędzy 4,5 a 8 mln zł za sztukę.

Nie ulega już dziś najmniejszej wątpliwości, że tylko zbiorowy transport ma przyszłość w dużych, a szczególnie w wielkich miastach Europy. Model amerykański, polegający na zdegradowaniu, a nawet likwidacji publicznego transportu w miastach (a szczególnie sieci tramwajowej) nie sprawdził się i doprowadził do tego, iż ponad połowa obszaru takich miast, jak np. Los Angeles jest zajęta przez drogi. Jeśli dodamy do tego znacznie większą energochłonność samochodów osobowych (przewożących na ogół tylko samego kierowcę), olbrzymią ilość ofiar wypadków drogowych (w tym także i w miastach) oraz zanieczyszczenie środowiska spalinami, to nie możemy mieć wątpliwości, gdzie leży przyszłość transportu.

The problem of reduction in the installation capacity of dams, especially in the northern part of the country as a result of rainfall seasonality and sediment load, cannot be overemphasized. The aim of this study is to assess the sediment loads and concentrations in Watari River of Kano State, Nigeria using a field based technique. The methodological approaches employed for primary data collection were field measurements involving reconnaissance survey, measuring of coordinates, monitoring of stream discharges of the five major tributaries upstream using Velocity Area Method from June 2024 to November 2024 which marks the hydrological period in the study area. Water samples were also collected for analysis in the laboratory to determine the suspended sediment load and dissolved sediment concentration. Simple descriptive and statistical tools (ANOVA, Post Hoc test) were used. The suspended sediment load for the five tributaries indicates that Danzabuwa has the highest sediment load of 14,280 mg/l and Kwaski has the lowest value of 6,828 mg/l. However, the result using ANOVA shows that there is no significant difference in the suspended sediment loads for the five tributaries upstream of the Watari River. For the total dissolved sediment, it shows that Kwaski has the highest value of 9,286.4 mg/l and Kokai has the lowest value of 2,387.6 mg/l. However, the results for the dissolved sediment show that there is a significant difference. Therefore, a post hoc multiple comparison test using Tukey's HDS was conducted. The variation in the total dissolved sediment concentration may be a result of farming activities which predominates the basin especially the Kwaski sub-basin. Recommendations were made among which are: The need to put sustainable land management practices such as controlled grazing and erosion control farming techniques, should be promoted. Continuous monitoring of stream discharges and sediment load by relevant authorities for comprehensive watershed management should be put in place.

The modern business conditions of a transport organization on the market of transport services require a high level of adaptability of the organization to market requirements. The business of a transport organization today takes place under very turbulent conditions, where changes are very frequent and intense, so the flexibility of the organization is of key importance for its survival in the service market. Traffic accidents represent the key risk of these changes and directly affect the quality of transport service provision, i.e. the survival of the organization. By implementing appropriate tools for managing the performance of its processes, the organization can ensure the necessary flexibility according to market requirements, and by developing key performance indicators of traffic safety, it can influence the reduction of the risk of traffic accidents and increase the quality of its services, i.e. enable survival in the transport market.

Situated on the northern shore of the Golden Horn, opposite the historical peninsula of Constantinople, Galata occupied a distinctive position within the urban system of the medieval capital. Known in the Byzantine period as Sykai, the settlement formed the 13th region of Constantinople and functioned as a suburban extension of the metropolis. Closely connected to the maritime life of the imperial city, it hosted harbor-related activities and secondary settlement areas associated with the economic infrastructure of the capital. A decisive transformation occurred in the later 13th century, when privileges granted by the Byzantine Empire enabled the Republic of Genoa to establish its colonial settlement in the area, known as Pera. From this point onward, Galata developed into a distinct urban entity integrated into the commercial and political networks of the Genoese Mediterranean. This process, however, did not unfold on an empty site. The Genoese colony emerged within a landscape already shaped by earlier Byzantine occupation and urban organization. This paper examines the transformation of Galata between the 13th and 15th centuries by focusing on the relationship between continuity and change in its built environment. While the Genoese administration introduced new institutions, fortifications, and urban expansions reflecting the needs of a colonial trading community, elements of the earlier Byzantine suburb continued to influence the spatial development of the settlement. Approaching Galata as a layered urban landscape shaped by successive historical phases, the study highlights how the Genoese colony both transformed and incorporated earlier structures and spatial patterns. Through this perspective, Galata can be understood as a “city in between,” where the metropolitan legacy of Byzantine Constantinople intersected with the material and institutional imprint of a Genoese overseas colony.

L'intermodalite est aujourd’hui un mot cle des politiques de transport de voyageurs. La connotation negative de la rupture de charge semble depassee par l'enjeu des poles d'echanges et des combinaisons entre modes de deplacements. Il n'est pas rare de lire dans les Plans de Deplacements Urbains (PDU) que l'intermodalite renforce la performance du systeme de deplacement et reduit l'impact environnemental des transports par le report modal que la pratique est censee susciter. Pourtant, au-dela des vertus supposees, que sait-on vraiment de l'intermodalite ? Si l'on se refere a la litterature scientifique, le concept serait surtout au cœur d'un paradoxe : l'intermodalite permet d'optimiser la capacite relationnelle des reseaux, c'est a dire son potentiel d'accessibilite, alors qu'elle pese sur les pratiques de mobilite comme une epreuve inconfortable et penalisante. N'y-a-t-il pas ainsi un decalage entre la place de l'inter...

The concept of sustainability has become a key idea in national and international discussion following the publication of Brundtland Commission Report. Sustainability in non-renewable resource management ultimately results in more energy saving options. However, it is less evident in a small scale and in energy saving terms. This paper attempts to highlight the importance of sustainable transportation for achieving the goal of promotion of energy saving cities. Objectives of the study are to identify a suitable road network to designate as bicycle and pedestrian priority roads and to identify modifications required to accommodate these non-motorized transport modes in promotion of sustainable transportation. A case study carried out in Rathmalana West area where roads were rehabilitated after a storm water drainage. Logical analysis to the collected information derived a suitable pedestrian/bicycle priority network that connects coastline to main arterial. The results rectified the provisions for increase public transport coverage and thereby concentrate on encouraging pedestrians and cyclists.

The gap arises as a result of the high usage together with the electricity generation, which has caused everyday epileptic power supply and dependence of stand-in electric generators that restrict productivity. Energy assurance concerns loom in the future as a result of the decrease in the production of domestic oil. Therefore, pursuing renewable source of energy like OTEC, which deals with ocean thermal gradients, can give reliable, clean energy to ameliorate the power generation. Precisely, in order to bring investment of OTEC in the Niger Delta and Lagos State coastal regions, the assessment of OTEC potentiality in these regions has been conducted. Accordingly, the work looked at the OTEC potentiality along the Niger Delta and Lagos State Coastal cities like Brass, Bonny, Burutu, Calabar, Ebute-Ikorodu, Esuk-Oron, Lagos, Okirika, and Port Harcourt respectively. The results show that the minimum average approximate monthly hot seawater temperatures of these areas considered are between 25 0 C and 27 0 C and a cold seawater depth of around 800m to 1000m, which translates to an approximate average cold seawater temperatures of between 5 0 C and 6 0 C representing 20 0 C differential temperature thereby displaying OTEC potentiality in these regions. That means the investment of OTEC is possible.

This paper resumes a research that concentrated in the effectiveness of residential urban design in response to some of the key tenets of new urbanism. 2 Our original questions were: a) how this design truly reflects on the daily lives of the communities' residents; and b) how residents perceive it? To answer these questions, the research focused on (1) automobile dependency and ( ) sense of community, as the two major variables of new urbanism. In the broader context, with this research we hope to contribute to a better understanding of New Urbanism design and its influences in the life patterns, sense of community, and daily behavior of stakeholders, moreover, residents of new developments which have been built according to the New Urbanist agenda. We decided that a comparative study of a new urbanism development to a standard suburban development in the San Francisco Bay Area was the appropriate research method. Two case studies were adopted, both in California: The Crossings, a new urbanism development in Mountain View, and the Somerset, a suburban development in Sunnyvale. These two developments are similar to each other in terms of building age, starting home sale price, and residential demographics.

Günümüz kentleri, hızla artan nüfus ve plansız kentleşme süreçleri nedeniyle çevresel, mekânsal ve sosyo-ekonomik sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu bağlamda, kamusal mekânların temel bileşenlerinden
biri olan sokaklar, yalnızca ulaşım işleviyle değil, sosyal etkileşim, ekonomik canlılık ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından da kritik bir role sahiptir. Ancak, otomobil merkezli planlama anlayışı ve mekânsal ayrışma süreçleri, sokakların yaya odaklı ve sosyal bütünleşmeyi destekleyen kamusal alanlar olma niteliğini zayıflatmıştır.
Sürdürülebilir kentsel tasarım yaklaşımı, ekolojik denge, enerji verimliliği ve sosyal bütünleşme gibi unsurları bütüncül bir perspektifle ele alarak, kent mekânlarının insan odaklı dönüşümünü hedeflemektedir. ‘Sokak’ kavramı odaklı sürdürülebilir kentsel tasarım yaklaşımları araştırıldığında, son yıllarda ‘yaşanabilir sokak’ tasarımı yaklaşımının öne çıktığı görülmektedir. İlgili literatür incelendiğinde, yaşanabilir sokak tasarımının; erişilebilirlik, güvenlik, ekolojik sürdürülebilirlik ve sosyal bütünleşme gibi temel ilkeler üzerine inşa edilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, Donald Appleyard (1982) ve Allan Jacobs (1982)’un çalışmalarında da yaşanabilir sokakların; bireylerin sosyal etkileşim kurabileceği, güvenli ve erişilebilir alanlar olması gerektiğini ortaya koydukları görülmektedir. Öte yandan Platon’un adil ve sürdürülebilir kent modeli ile Aristoteles’in sosyal dengeye
dayalı kamusal alan anlayışı, günümüz yaşanabilir sokak tasarım ilkeleriyle örtüşmektedir. Bu çerçevede, sokakların bireylerin psikolojik ve sosyal gereksinimlerini karşılayan, dirençli kamusal mekânlar olarak tasarlanması gerekliliği öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bilgiler ışığında çalışma, sürdürülebilir kentsel tasarım bağlamında literatürde ele alınan yaşanabilir sokak ilkelerini incelemeyi ve bu ilkeleri temel alarak farklı uluslararası sokak tasarımı örneklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, örnek olarak ele alınan sokaklardan biri olan Strøget, Kopenhag’ın ana yaya caddelerinden biri olup, yayalar ve bisikletliler için öncelikli olarak tasarlanmış sürdürülebilir ve erişilebilir bir kamusal alan modeli sunmaktadır. Bir diğer örnek ise Kolombiya’nın Bogotá kentinde uygulanan Ciclovía (Bisiklet Yolu) programıdır. Bu program kapsamında, hafta sonları şehir merkezindeki belirli sokaklar araç trafiğine kapatılarak yayalara ve bisikletlilere tahsis edilmekte, böylece sosyal etkileşim ve fiziksel aktivite teşvik edilmektedir.
Bu çalışma, sokakların kent yaşamındaki önemini vurgulamayı ve günümüz kentsel tasarım anlayışını eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, yere özgü sokak tasarım yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamak amacıyla yaşanabilir sokak ilkelerinin, sürdürülebilir kentsel tasarım prensipleri çerçevesinde nasıl uygulanabileceğini tartışmaktadır.

This study evaluates the quality and effectiveness of public transport accessibility in Velenjak, an affluent hillside neighborhood in northern Tehran characterized by strong socioeconomic conditions but notable structural and perceptual mobility constraints. Using a mixed-methods descriptive–analytical approach, the research integrates a resident survey with systematic field observations to examine physical access, service characteristics, environmental conditions, and user perceptions. Results show moderate satisfaction across most dimensions, including physical accessibility, safety, comfort, and information availability, indicating that public transport services provide basic functionality yet fail to deliver high levels of multimodal connectivity. Field observations reveal contradictions between infrastructural provision and environmental maintenance, with strong station amenities but limited cleanliness, insufficient accessibility features for vulnerable residents, and moderate vehicle quality. Steep topography and discontinuous pedestrian networks further restrict walking access to transit stops, reinforcing reliance on private cars and shared taxis despite the neighborhood’s material advantages. Perceived gaps in transparency, responsiveness, and citizen participation indicate that institutional factors also shape accessibility outcomes. Together, these findings highlight a structural mismatch between objective service performance and lived mobility experiences, demonstrating that affluence alone does not guarantee equitable or effective access to public transport. The study provides a nuanced understanding of accessibility barriers in Velenjak and offers an analytical foundation for comparative evaluation with low-income southern neighborhoods in Tehran.

With growing traffic congestion and environmental issues, the interactions between travel behaviour and the built environment have drawn attention from researchers and policymakers to take effective measures to encourage more sustainable travel modes and to curb car trips, especially in urbanising areas where travel demand is very complicated. This paper presents how built environmental factors affect public transit choice behaviour in urban villages in China, where a large population of low-income workers are accommodated. This location had a high demand for public transit and special built environmental characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine both the determinants and magnitude of their influence. The results indicate that the impacts of built environments apply particularly in urban villages compared to those in formal residences. In particular, mixed land use generates an adverse effect on public transit choice, a surprising outcome which is cont...

Rural public transit systems frequently face challenges in balancing operational efficiency and passenger convenience. Addressing the issue of transportation insecurity in rural areas, this study analyzes the total cost and effectiveness of public transit service in regions characterized by low demand density. Flexible-route services generally perform well in low-demand environments due to their adaptability, but they cannot accommodate long-distance trips required by passengers without the access to personal vehicles. Conversely, traditional fixedroute buses are cost-effective along core corridors while suffering from limited coverage, forcing inconvenient transfers and extra travel times beyond the established network. Consequently, neither purely flexible nor purely fixed-route approaches effectively meet the transportation needs of low-density communities. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an integrated public transit framework formulated as a deterministic two-stage optimization model, combining flexible-route services with scheduled fixed-route operations to achieve seamless door-to-door connectivity. The framework explores controlled deviations of fixed-route buses with limited headway adjustments and coordinates flexible shuttles to effectively serve first-and last-mile segments. This integrated approach aims to minimize overall system operating costs while maintaining acceptable passenger waiting and in-vehicle travel times. Computational experiments and sensitivity analyses on synthetic rural networks demonstrate the scalability and effectiveness of the model in reducing combined vehicle-mileage and passenger-time costs.