Tropical Conservation and Development

Understanding the relative impact of climate change and land cover change on changes in avian distribution has implications for the future course of avian distributions and appropriate management strategies. Due to the dynamic nature of climate change, our goal was to investigate the processes that shape species distributions, rather than the current distributional patterns. To this end, we analyzed changes in the distribution of Eastern Wood Pewees ( Contopus virens ) and Red‐eyed Vireos ( Vireo olivaceus ) from 1997 to 2012 using Breeding Bird Survey data and dynamic correlated‐detection occupancy models. We estimated the local colonization and extinction rates of these species in relation to changes in climate (hours of extreme temperature) and changes in land cover (amount of nesting habitat). We fit six nested models to partition the deviance explained by spatial and temporal components of land cover and climate. We isolated the temporal components of environmental variables be...

This study documents the current state of conservation knowledge on threatened amphibian species in Peru. Following the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classification system, we considered species in the following categories: Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, and Near Threatened. Even though only the first three categories are regarded as threatened by IUCN, we included the fourth category to make comparisons with the list of threatened species issued by the Peruvian government. We used the Global Amphibian Assessment's database and the list issued in Peru for this comparison. We conducted separate field surveys in 17 regions of Peru to evaluate the presence/absence of threatened amphibian species and species that are potentially threatened. We also used the Declining Amphibian Database-DAPTF, to compare our results with previous assessments on population declines, and the World Wildlife Fund's Wildfinder database, to determine in which...

The present study provides information about the structure plankton in lake Horia, Tulcea County. We analyzed the structure of plankton as a tool for assessing trends in the trophic status of the aquatic ecosystem Horia winter. In November 2016 the structure of phytoplankton were identified five taxonomic groups. Between species who were identified, Cymbella cistula, Monoraphidium contortum and Pediastrum bory are predominant species in these samples. In the structure of the zooplankton were three taxonomic groups. The samples are identified predominant copepods with species Cyclops strenuus and Eucyclops albidus in various stages of development and rotifers with the species Brachionus diversicornis and Brachionus urceolaris. The small number of species evidences a reduced biodiversity of plankton during the studied period.

The investigations of Laskó stream were carried out in the period of 1984-1987 at Egerszalók and Újlőrincfalva; at the same time a detailed hydrobiological assessment was performed of Egerszalók storage lake set up by damming of Laskó stream. The effect of the storage lake on the quality of water in Laskó stream has been studied. The water of Egerszalók storage lake is of eutrophic type. The compositional and seasonal changes of the phyto-and zooplankton were followed in consequence of its turning into dead-water. The dominant plankton species belonged to the group of organisms characteristic for dead-waters of high trofity. The richness of species in the storage lake till summer shows an increasing, latera decreasing tendency. From the beginning of summer till early autumn the dominance of bluegreen algae was observed. The shallow water provides favourable conditions for blooming of bluer green algae. Two characteristic diversity minimal exist -one in winter and the other -in summer. Copepoda prevail in the zooplankton composition the whole year round. In abundance they are followed by Rotatoria and Cladocera. The effect of the storage lake can be detected at Egerszalók, at Újlőrincfalva the unfavourable factors are less perceptible, this is important since Laskó stream is a feedwater of Kisköre storage lake.

The illegal logging that takes place at Kutai National Park cannot be separated from the socio-economic conditions of the local communities. The lack of jobs that can guarantee the future of the people has encouraged them to commit illegal logging and land clearing. Through this qualitative research, we have come up with the idea of forming a partnership model at Kutai National Park in coping with illegal logging. This partnership model between the Kutai National Park Office and the local communities is aimed at involving the communities in the management of the park from planning to implementing and evaluating the plan to bearing the responsibility for its sustainability. It is because the park belongs not only to the government but also to the local communities that live within the area of the park. It is believed that this model will not only enhance the people’s sense of belonging to the park but also deal with the problem of poor law enforcement and the Indonesian government’s ...

Conserving cultural heritage and archaeological sites has become vital for the
survival of any nation’s national identity, especially in countries with a history
of war and conflict, such as Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan. Many historical sites
in Iraq have been affected by conflict since the 1970s; purposeful destruction,
looting, and heavy damage have erased many prestigious buildings and sites.
The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Art.

Biodiversidad por Communidades e Indígenas (COINBIO). Representatives of these organizations have provided informative articles, personal communications and reports on CCAs which have greatly enriched this review. We would like to acknowledge the personal and professional efforts of Salvador Anta, currently the Regional Director of CONAFOR for the South Pacific Region of Mexico, Yolanda Lara Padilla and Francisco Chapela Mendoza of ERA, and Marco Antonio González from GAIA who provided much of the information for documentation and analysis of CCAs in Oaxaca and Mexico in general. We also thank Cecilia Elizondo from El Colegio de la Frontera Sur in Quintana Roo, and Julio Moure, coordinator of COMPACT (Community Management of Protected Areas for Conservation), a program in Yucatan that is jointly sponsored by the GEF Small Grant Programme and the United Nations Foundation. David Bray of Florida International University shared his publications and perspectives on community conservation and forestry enterprises in Oaxaca and other parts of Mexico. The analysis and information on Guatemala CCAs was made possible by the Guatemala Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegidas (CONAP), which kindly provided the facilities to prepare and conduct in-country workshops. Our special thanks to Ronny Roma, who led workshops in Cobán, Guatemala City, Solalá, and Xela about the current situation and needs of CCAs in Guatemala. Rick Stepp of the University of Florida shared insights on conservation areas in Belize, and Peter Poole of First Peoples Worldwide provided additional perspectives and reports on community conservation in Belize. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the leadership and support of the organizations that made this consultancy possible: TILCEPA (the WCPA-CEESP Strategic Direction on Governance, Equity, and Livelihoods); TGER (the CEESP Theme on Governance, Equity, and Rights); TSL (the CEESP Theme on Sustainable Livelihoods); the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC) and the Swedish International Biodiversity Programme (SwedBio). We take full responsibility for any misconceptions or factual errors in the report, and we welcome corrections and insights from readers.

Ethnozoological Knowledge and importance of hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius) for populations
in North-East Benin: implications for its sustainable conservation and management
Abstract: Hippopotamus is the second biggest mammal after elephant in the protected areas of Benin. Its populations in these special areas
dedicated to biodiversity conservation are seldom known and promoted. In order to fill the gap of knowledge on the importance of Hippopotamus
and its organs and produits, we undetook an ethnozoological survey among 81 people in 4 villages (Bensékou, Gbarana, Zougou-Pantrossi and
Dougoulaye) from the Bariba and Boo ethnic groups in the ‘’Trois Rivières’’ Protected Forest (North-Eastern Benin). The Hippopotamus is known
in the study area for its food, medicinal, cultural, touristic, spiritual and mystico-magic, and ritual hunting values. In 2014, three sites (Icikpena,
Kosinno Kaa et Louana Kaa) had 16 hippopotamus individuals, living in groups of 2 to 8 individuals. Fifteen (15) diseases were healed by the
organs and products of the species, among which epilepsy, scabies, bones injuries and itching. Adults of the Boo ethnic group had more knowledge
on the species than the Bariba ones. The relation human - hippopotamus varied according to age and sex. The variety in ethnozoological knowledge,
anthropic disturbance and streess on the habitats, showed the strenghts but also the weaknesses of conservation and sustainable management
potentials of the species in the study area. Therefore we suggested the implementation of a participaroty management plan based on the conservation
of the hippopotamus as flagship species. This plan could be built on banning poaching, the promotion of ecotourism, monitoring of the
species habitats and numbers, the creation of a community based protected area for all habitats important for biodiversity conservation in the region.

Aim: To test whether the species richness of understorey insectivorous birds on forest islands induced by a major hydroelectric dam is best explained by either the island biogeography theory (IBT) or the habitat amount hypothesis (HAH). Given the low dispersal ability of the focal species group and the hostile water matrix, we predict that the species richness will be predominantly driven by an island effect as posited by the IBT, rather than a sample area effect as posited by the HAH.