User-Generated Content

The Netspeak Obsolescence
The Netspeak Obsolescence is a central part of The Miscommunication Trilogy, specifically within The Tower of Babble, Vol. III, a volume devoted to examining the cultural, political, technological, and psychological transformations of language in the digital age. While the trilogy as a whole investigates the broader phenomenon of the Planned Obsolescence of Language, this book focuses on one of its most visible manifestations: the gradual erosion of meaningful communication through the rise of digital communication systems, online interaction, social media culture, and algorithmically driven discourse. The concept of the Planned Obsolescence of Language does not suggest that language itself is disappearing. Rather, it describes a historical process in which language is increasingly stripped of its traditional functions as a medium of reflection, understanding, deliberation, and knowledge. Across the trilogy, language is examined as a system under pressure from political propaganda, ideological polarization, technological acceleration, commercial incentives, mass media, and digital platforms. Communication expands exponentially, yet understanding often diminishes. The result is a paradoxical age in which humanity communicates more than ever before while frequently understanding one another less. Within this broader framework, The Netspeak Obsolescence explores how digital technologies have transformed the structure and purpose of communication itself. The book investigates online comments, social media interactions, digital shaming, trolling, cyberhumiliation, anonymity, incivility, personality-driven participation, emotional contagion, artificial intelligence, and the changing nature of public discourse. It examines how digital environments reward speed over reflection, reaction over deliberation, visibility over substance, and emotional intensity over rational dialogue. The rise of Netspeak symbolizes not merely a new linguistic style but a deeper cultural transformation affecting how individuals think, interact, form communities, and engage with public life.
Drawing upon communication studies, psychology, sociology, media theory, linguistics, political science, and contemporary digital culture, the book presents a comprehensive analysis of the forces reshaping communication in the twenty-first century. It demonstrates how online platforms have altered the traditional relationship between speakers, audiences, institutions, and truth itself. At the same time, it explores the resilience of language and the possibility of renewing meaningful communication despite these challenges. As part of The Miscommunication Trilogy, The Netspeak Obsolescence serves as both a diagnosis and a warning. It examines how digital culture accelerates the obsolescence of communicative depth while also highlighting the continuing importance of language as the foundation of knowledge, identity, democracy, and civilization. Ultimately, the book argues that the future of society depends not on communicating more frequently, but on recovering the capacity to communicate more thoughtfully, responsibly, and meaningfully.

This study examines the role of social media platforms and digital marketing optimization in enhancing
sustainable tourism destination promotion in Bangladesh. A mixed-method research design was adopted
integrating quantitative survey data and qualitative stakeholder interviews. Quantitative data were collected
through Google Forms from 402 respondents and analyzed using SPSS, while 25 semi-structured interviews
with tourism stakeholders were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that social media engagement
significantly enhances destination visibility, tourist awareness, destination image, and sustainable travel
intention. Digital marketing optimization strategies, including influencer marketing, digital storytelling, and
user-generated content, positively influence tourists’ perceptions and environmentally responsible behavior. The
study further identifies that sustainability-oriented digital communication strengthens environmental awareness
and promotes sustainable tourism behavior. However, inadequate digital infrastructure, weak policy
coordination, and limited strategic branding remain major challenges affecting sustainable tourism promotion
in Bangladesh. The study contributes to sustainable tourism and digital marketing literature by providing
empirical evidence from an emerging tourism destination and offers important implications for tourism
policymakers and destination marketers.

Purpose of the Study: This research study aims to examine the effect of user-generated content (UGC) on online fashion purchases among women and how exposure to content, trust and perceived risk explain the digital consumer behavior relating to online fashion purchases in Bangalore. Research Methodology: It adopted a descriptive research design whereby data were measured on 180 women in Bangalore through establishing structured questionnaires. The combination of quantitative research involved the application of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation, t-test, ANOVA and regression to investigate the correlation between UGC and online intention to purchase fashion items. Key Findings: The study found that purchase intent is strongly predicted by exposure to UGC and perceived trust moderately predicted and perceived risk had a weak influence. The demographics variables showed limited variation, showing user-generated content's consistent influence across different groups of women consumers in Bangalore. Practical implications: To achieve better levels of trust and engagement, fashion brands must dedicate themselves to authentic UGC techniques, which include use of customer reviews, testimonials, visuals, etc. Marketers can develop better relationships with consumers by using peer content as opposed to traditional advertisement or influencer recommendations alone. Originality/ Value: The originality of this study lies in its post-pandemic focus, offering updated insights into how women in Bangalore now engage with the user generated content, contrasting the 2019 pre-pandemic study. Unlike earlier literature, this study captures shifts in digital shopping behavior shaped by COVID-19's impact.

With the abundant availability of Blogs and reviews marketers are facing the challenge of extracting relevant knowledge from these sources as these insights can be used for marketing intelligence. However, it is uncertain if the topics and the language used in Blogs reflect what researchers traditionally investigate in conventional image studies. This paper provides an overview of a method to automatically analyze thousands of Blog entries. Furthermore, it compares the findings of a conventional image study with the content mining approach to provide insights into destination image representation in the online and offline world. The results indicate that automated content analysis reproduces the findings from image studies to a great extent. Therefore they are a valuable additional source of information for DMOs.

Social media influencers significantly shape travel trends and traveller behaviour in the digital era. This study explores the dual role of social media influencers in the sustainable tourism landscape: whether they function primarily as trendsetters promoting ethical and responsible travel practices or as sellers of destination dreams who commercialise sustainability through aspirational content on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube.Through qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews with influencers and their followers, the research identifies messaging patterns, perceived authenticity, and the extent to which sustainability is embedded in influencer branding. Research findings show that although influencers often position themselves as sustainability ambassadors, their content prioritises visual appeal and personal branding over actual environmental or social responsibility. The study concludes that most influencers are closer to being destination dream sellers, contributing to the commercialisation of sustainable tourism ideas. This study contributes to the discourse on the impact of digital media on sustainable tourism development, offering policymakers, tourism marketers, content creators, and digital media consumers important insights to evaluate influencer-driven messages on sustainable tourism and align influencer marketing with global sustainability goals.

Accommodation has been viewed as the largest and most important sector in the tourism industry. This paper provides a systematic review of 371 papers identified in SCOPUS and WOS databases between 2000 and 2019 on P2P accommodation in the sharing economy. Research on P2P accommodation is experiencing high growth, with Airbnb a major focus for tourism scholars. The provision of authentic experiences, environmental concerns, and socialization are important themes in P2P accommodation research, with trust and negative attitudes of established businesses and government regarded as the main barriers of P2P development. Common strategies to respond P2P accommodation platforms are also identified.

Accommodation has been viewed as the largest and most important sector in the tourism industry. This paper provides a systematic review of 371 papers identified in SCOPUS and WOS databases between 2000 and 2019 on P2P accommodation in the sharing economy. Research on P2P accommodation is experiencing high growth, with Airbnb a major focus for tourism scholars. The provision of authentic experiences, environmental concerns, and socialization are important themes in P2P accommodation research, with trust and negative attitudes of established businesses and government regarded as the main barriers of P2P development. Common strategies to respond P2P accommodation platforms are also identified.

Social media acts as the primary catalyst changing how travel destinations are marketed and consumed in the era of digital disruption. This study investigates how the community and managers of Arjasa Traditional Village view the role of micro-influencers in building images and drawing visits. Researchers utilize a qualitative approach with interpretive phenomenological research to capture the subjective experiences of local actors. Data was gathered through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with 9 informants including village leaders, MSME owners, and digital creators. Results show that micro-influencers provide the ability to convey authenticity and build high trust through personal communication. Using these digital agents in marketing strategies is vital for developing a positive village image and driving organic visits.

This study explores the dynamics of cultural commodification in the tourism development of the Karo region in North Sumatra, Indonesia, an area rich in traditional architecture, rituals, oral arts, and symbolic textiles. Despite its cultural vibrancy, the region faces increasing pressures from tourism growth and digital media exposure, which have led to the transformation of cultural expressions for commercial consumption. The research focuses on how these commodification processes reshape cultural meanings, alter community agency, and challenge the sustainability of Karo cultural identity. The study aims to classify the forms of cultural commodification in Karo tourism and assess their implications for cultural preservation. Using a qualitative methodology, the research integrates a systematic review of literature, analysis of tourism-related documents, and examination of digital cultural representations on platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram. The analysis identifies three forms of commodification: (1) performative commodification, where cultural ceremonies and performances are adapted for tourists; (2) visual commodification, where Karo culture is aestheticized in digital media; and (3) material commodification, seen in the commercialization of cultural symbols like Uis Gara motifs. While these practices create economic opportunities, they also risk diminishing cultural depth and authenticity. The study concludes that enhanced cultural governance, community participation, and responsible creative economy development are crucial for long-term cultural sustainability.

Extended reality (XR), smart destinations, and immersive technologies are redefining global tourism. This foresighting paper explores how African destinations can leverage immersive experiences, digital storytelling, and smart infrastructure to enhance competitiveness. It analyses technological, cultural, and governance implications. The paper proposes a future-ready tourism-innovation model for Africa.

Brands increasingly incorporate cultural symbols and traditional knowledge into products, often without permission or benefit- sharing, raising ethical concerns about cultural appropriation. This chapter examines the intersection of cultural integrity, consumer psychology, and ethical brand positioning to understand how brands can authentically engage with indigenous and traditional communities. The chapter employs theoretical frameworks (brand authenticity theory, Keller's brand equity model, self- congruity theory) and analyzes real- world case studies including Ben & Jerry's, Prada's Kolhapuri controversy, Māori branding, and India's GI protected handicrafts. Authentic cultural positioning builds consumer loyalty and competitive advantage, while appropriation damages brand reputation. Consumers increasingly demand transparency, benefit- sharing, and community consent. Ethical cultural positioning requires genuine partnerships, equitable benefit- sharing, and sustained commitment to cultural preservation.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into green marketing strategies presents a transformative opportunity for eco-friendly tourism businesses. This study examines the effectiveness of AI-driven marketing techniques in promoting sustainable tourism by leveraging data analytics, machine learning, and predictive modeling. Using a quantitative research approach, we analyze consumer responses to AI-powered marketing campaigns, assessing their impact on eco-conscious purchasing behavior, customer engagement, and brand loyalty. Data was collected from a survey of eco-conscious travelers and analyzed using statistical methods, including regression analysis and machine learning-based sentiment analysis. The findings reveal that AI-driven green marketing significantly enhances consumer awareness and engagement, leading to increased adoption of sustainable tourism options. The results offer valuable insights for tourism businesses seeking to optimize their marketing strategies while maintaining sustainability goals. This research contributes to the growing discourse on AI applications in environmental marketing and provides actionable recommendations for businesses aiming to align profitability with ecological responsibility. Future studies should explore the long-term impact of AI-driven strategies on consumer loyalty and environmental conservation efforts.

People interact with multimedia every day: reading books, watching television, listening to music, watching movies, conducting research. We organize and structure this multimedia, such that we can easily access it again. We create photo albums of our holidays and occasions, we keep tracks of compact discs and tapes with the music we like, we store past editions of magazines in boxes, and use a video recorder to record television programs about topics of our interest. Achieving the required success therefore requires an interactive multimedia retrieval system devoid of the existing challenges which include; lack of object independence in multimedia database, several representations of multimedia object in the computer, difficulty in separating between retrieval application and metadata extraction techniques in multimedia retrieval, and restriction of users to predefined access by some multimedia data base systems. A solution based model is developed in this paper. The model has a multimedia database that structures the multimedia objects into different categories of object representations using hybrid index structural approach. It also has a query or retrieval tool that accesses each multimedia object independently using its search functions and provides some preset controls that checks the quality, flexibility and storage of the multimedia objects. In designing this software, we used the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM). In the database design, the combined partitioningbased index database structure which is the combination of the data partitioningbased index structure and the space partitioning-based index structures was introduced. Feature matching is performed using object ranking on the multimedia database. The model was implemented using object-oriented DBMS and C ++ programming language. The result of this work is an enhanced model of a multimedia retrieval system with a hybrid multimedia database that provides object independence. This allows the representation of multimedia object as single digitized object in the computer. Also, the query features provides alternative access options.

Social networks play a key role in the way people communicate and share information and this paper analyzes various aspects of their use. Through a review of relevant studies, the paper examines how social networks shape users’ behavior and attitudes,  with special emphasis on positive and negative effects. Particular attention is paid to issues of security and privacy. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 95 respondents from the Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that most respondents spend between two and four hours per day on social networks and mainly use Facebook and Instagram. Social networks are most often used for communication and information purposes, while a significant number of respondents express concern about privacy. It was also confirmed that younger respondents spend more time on social networks. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the role of social networks in contemporary society by showing how they shape everyday life, influence social relationships, and limit and/or encourage freedom of expression.

Cómo cambiará nuestra mente en las dos próximas décadas al fundirse con la IA 

Los medios de comunicación se han llenado de agoreros que vaticinan que la inteligencia artificial supondrá un cataclismo para la humanidad. En este clima catastrofista, nada mejor que acudir al decano del desarrollo de la IA y, por consiguiente, quien mejor la conoce: Ray Kurzweil.

Kurzweil, el oráculo de la evolución tecnológica más prestigioso del mundo, ha visto cumplidas muchas de las predicciones sobre la viabilidad de la inteligencia artificial que hiciera en 2005 en su obra La singularidad está cerca.

En su último libro, revisa y actualiza aquellas proyecciones, pronosticando que para 2029 la IA superará los niveles de la mente humana, y que para 2045 expandirá la inteligencia humana un millón de veces en formas inimaginables al conectar nuestros cerebros directamente a la nube.

Entre los temas que se abordan en estas páginas se encuentran la reconstrucción del mundo, átomo a átomo, mediante los nanobots; la extensión de la vida más allá del límite biológico actual de 120 años; el impacto para la industria o la medicina de la impresión 3D, o la controversia sobre los coches sin conductor, entre otras muchas cuestiones de interés.

A partir de una evaluación detallada de las últimas innovaciones tecnológicas, este libro demuestra que el progreso en los campos de la biotecnología, la nanotecnología y la robótica nos acerca cada vez más a la singularidad, esto es, a la creación de un ser superior modificado por la ingeniería genética, alimentado y auspiciado por la IA e interconectado con otros cerebros.

如果我们将目光过度放在产业经济之上还会 陷入" 泛对策" 的隐忧。 早在 2012 年的" 中国电影 文化国际传播研究" 调研结果中, 海外观众观看中 国电影约只有 36. 4% 的选择是电影院 [2] , 新媒体 端的观影方式早就超越了传统影院。 这一事实在 很多学者的对策中, 都自然理解为要争夺新媒体 平台, 将中国电影投放到各式各样的终端媒介来 拓宽市场, 争取用户。 [3] 可我们如果结合" 后电影" ( post-cinematic) 语境, 就会发现这样的措施确是 一条坦途, 但并非唯一路径。 所谓" 后电影" , 是一个内涵和外延都极为丰 富的理论名词, 既有理论维度上对电影研究的讨 032 ① ②

International Festivals are common in all countries. However countries hosting international festivals are unaware of the expectations and behavior of travellers related to their food choice behavior before their visit. A study was conducted with specific reference to Rainforest World Music Festival (RWMF), Sarawak, Malaysia, to explore the food choice behavior of international travellers relating to neophobic behavior. The study followed interpretive research philosophy and exploratory study design with phenomenological interpretations, case studies and Delphi method. The research design integrated a longitudinal design during 2016 to 2017 period to develop a food choice consumer behavior model with triangulated tools and methods, identified causative factors related to consumer food choices. The study followed purposive sampling with a sample of 148travelers during the festival and data collection was done with the triangulated tools of indepth interviews, content analysis and observation following phenomenology method. The investigators came up with a thematic model in relation to food choice behavior of RWMF travelers, by extending theoretical and practical contributions.

RESUMEN: Propósito. En octubre de 2024 la Comunidad Valenciana sufrió una DANA que produjo uno de los desastres naturales más graves de la historia reciente de España. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la producción y el alcance de las publicaciones en Instagram sobre esta catástrofe, atendiendo a tipos de emisores y a su evolución temporal, y discutir qué sugieren estos patrones sobre la oportunidad de exposición incidental mediada por recomendación algorítmica en contextos de crisis. Metodología. Se seleccionaron las 3.042 publicaciones con hashtag #dana que alcanzaron más de 100.000 visualizaciones entre el 24 de octubre y el 17 de noviembre de 2024, usando la biblioteca de contenidos de Meta, se clasificaron por tipo de emisor y se compararon métricas de volumen y alcance (número de publicaciones, visualizaciones y promedio por publicación). Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados revelan que tanto actividad comunicativa como visibilidad se concentraron en la fase de evento inicial, con un descenso posterior y repuntes en nuevos episodios meteorológicos. Los medios de comunicación dominaron en volumen y alcance, pero perfiles verticales, microinfluencers y servicios meteorológicos destacaron en rendimiento por publicación y capacidad de alcanzar audiencias amplias. En contraste, instituciones públicas y partidos políticos tuvieron una presencia muy limitada. Aportes originales. Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de estrategias institucionales de comunicación de crisis adaptadas a un ecosistema con presencia de actores no especializados con alta visibilidad, en el que la circulación y el alcance depende tanto del volumen de publicación como de su capacidad para lograr exposición algorítmica.

Social media platforms have become a critical component of tourism marketing strategies worldwide. Among these platforms, Facebook remains one of the most influential tools for tourism promotion due to its massive user base, advanced advertising system, and strong engagement features. This paper examines how Facebook can be utilized to promote tourism destinations by analyzing user demographics, engagement patterns, tourism-related content, and revenue influence within the broader social media ecosystem.

This research seeks to examine the strategies employed by social media travel influencers (SMTIs) in managing their organic and sponsored posts, as well as their interactions with followers. This qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews with 24 SMTIs who possess a significant presence on social media platforms. The findings indicate that followers exhibit a preference for organic content. The strategies employed in sponsored content by influencers encompass the timing of posts, the number of product images, tie-in strategies, the creation of valuable and engaging content, and the use of implicit advertising language. The way SMTIs disclose sponsorships is perceived negatively by followers. This study highlights the tension between authenticity and commercial interest, offering insights for both academics and practitioners in digital marketing and tourism promotion.

Srpski: Ovaj dokument predstavlja radni okvir za interaktivnu radionicu pod nazivom "Digitalno pozorište", dizajniranu za populaciju 50+. Projekat nastoji da demistifikuje tehnologiju veštačke inteligencije (AI) kroz praktične primene u svakodnevnom životu, kao što su digitalna restauracija porodičnih fotografija i optimizacija svakodnevnih pretraga. Fokus je na razvijanju "nove pismenosti" kroz ovladavanje veštinom preciznog izražavanja (prompt), transformišući AI iz apstraktnog pojma u korisnog "digitalnog šegrta". Radionica takođe otvara ključna pitanja o autorskim pravima i očuvanju autentičnosti ličnih i lokalnih narativa u digitalnom dobu.
English: This document outlines a framework for an interactive workshop titled "Digital Theater," specifically designed for the 50+ demographic. The project aims to demystify Artificial Intelligence (AI) by focusing on practical daily applications, such as digital restoration of family archives and the optimization of everyday information retrieval. The core objective is to develop "new literacy" by mastering the art of precise communication (prompting), thereby transforming AI from an abstract concept into a practical "digital apprentice". Furthermore, the workshop addresses critical issues regarding copyright and the preservation of authentic personal and local narratives in the digital era.

Öz: Amaç: İletişim Teknolojileri alanındaki hızlı gelişmelere rağmen, geleneksel bir kitle iletişim aracı olan radyo Uganda'da hâlâ en popüler ve yaygın medya olarak işlev görmektedir. Çünkü radyolar geniş kapsama alanına hitap edebilmekte, dinleyiciler kolaylıkla ve fazla masraf yapmaksızın radyo teknolojisine sahip olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Uganda`da toplum hizmetlerinin gerçekleştirilmesinde ve geliştirilmesinde topluluk radyoların ne gibi katkısının olduğu konusu ele alınmaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışmada nicel yöntem kullanılmış olup, rastgele seçilen örneklemden veri almak üzere çevrimiçi anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Doğu Uganda'daki 17 radyo istasyonunu kapsamış olup, bu radyolardan 96 katılımcı anketi cevaplandırmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların % 51'i topluluk radyolarının kitleleri sivil ve sosyal konular üzerine eğiterek topluluk hizmetlerini geliştirdiğini ifade etmektedir. Benzer şekilde katılımcıların % 34.4'ü topluluk radyolarının kalkınmaya katılımını etkilemede önemli unsur olduğunu belirtmiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca katılımcıların % 56.3'ünün radyo istasyonlarının politik, sosyal, ekonomik, dini ve spor programlarına yer verdiğini vurguladğı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, topluluk radyoları çiftçiler, dini cemaatler, kadınlar ve çocuklar gibi toplumun değişik kesimlerine yayınladıkları paket programlarla hizmet etmektedir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Uganda'da topluluk radyolarının sahipleri, topluluklar ve kamu kaynakları tarafından desteklenmesi halinde hitap ettikleri toplum kesimleri için çok yararlı hizmetler yapabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

In recent years, the growing number of Online Travel Review (OTR) platforms and advances in social media and search engine technologies have led to a new way of accessing information for tourists, placing projected Tourist Destination Image (TDI) and electronic Word of Mouth (eWoM) at the heart of travel decision-making. This research introduces a big data-driven approach to analyzing and measuring the perceived and conveyed TDI in OTRs concerning the reflected perceptive, spatial, and affective dimensions of search results. To test this approach, a massive metadata analysis of search engine was conducted on approximately 2700 reviews from TripAdvisor users for the category “Attractions” of the city of Kastoria, Greece. Using artificial intelligence, an analysis of the photos accompanying user comments on TripAdvisor was performed. Based on the results, we created five themes for the image narratives, depending on the focus of interest (monument, activity, self, other person, and unknown) in which the content was categorized. The results obtained allow us to extract information that can be used in business intelligence applications.

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence into heritage tourism marketing poses challenges to cultural authenticity. Indonesia's 2025 launch of MAiA (Meticulous Artificial Intelligence of Indonesia) pressures sixteen Destination Management Organizations to adopt AI while preserving authentic cultural narratives. This article develops a strategic framework synthesizing strategic management, destination branding, cultural heritage preservation, and technology adoption. Using conceptual framework development methodology, the research grounds analysis in Borobudur Temple's DMO, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The framework comprises four interconnected layers: Strategic Management, Authenticity Preservation, Cultural Heritage Safeguarding, and Technology Adoption Strategy, guided by five principles: authenticity-first, communitycentric, transparency, phased implementation, and ethical precedence. The framework operationalizes through four phases: readiness assessment, pilot implementation, mainstream integration, and continuous optimization. Research demonstrates that deliberate governance structures, community participation, and ethical constraints enable heritage destinations to integrate AI responsibly while maintaining cultural authenticity. The article provides recommendations for DMO leaders, policymakers, technology providers, and researchers. Findings emphasize that community-centric governance and cultural preservation prioritization enable responsible technological innovation. The framework addresses immediate strategic decisions for Indonesia's DMOs during formative AI adoption phases, offering precedent for global heritage tourism governance.

This paper examined the copyright challenges faced by User Generated Content platforms, particularly in the context of increasing digital content creation and sharing. The paper focused on the exponential growth of platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram, where users frequently upload content that may incorporate copyrighted materials. The paper employed a doctrinal method, analysing relevant statutes, case law, and legal doctrines across multiple jurisdictions. The paper identified key challenges which included unauthorized use of copyrighted works, the ambiguity surrounding fair use/fair dealing, and the liability of platforms under safe harbor provisions. It was found that despite the existence of legal frameworks like the DMCA and the EU's Article 17 of the DSM Directive, inconsistencies in interpretation and enforcement created significant uncertainty for both users and platforms. The paper concluded that current copyright laws are often ill-equipped to address the dynamic nature of UGC environments. It recommended a more harmonized international approach, clearer fair use guidelines, and improved content identification technologies. Furthermore, the paper suggested that platforms should adopt proactive licensing mechanisms and educational initiatives to mitigate infringement risks while encouraging creativity. The findings emphasized the urgent need for legal reforms to balance the interests of rights holders, platforms, and content creators in the digital age.

This study examines gender parody on Chinese social media as a viral code through which gender performativity becomes visible, negotiable, and governable. Drawing on Virtual Ethnography and Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, it compares the divergent trajectories of Zhong Meimei（钟美美） and Miao Daxian（喵大仙） across Tiktok（抖音）, Rednote（小红书）, and Bilibili（哔哩哔哩）. The analysis shows that gender parody has shifted from an institutionally risky form of subversion to a stabilized entertainment spectacle aligned with platform logics. While such performances expand the visibility of gender fluidity, they also reveal how agency is increasingly shaped by algorithmic circulation and social regulation.

Cultural festivals have long been anchored in co-located, resource-intensive events, which increasingly raises questions about who can participate, at what environmental cost and with what consequences for cultural integrity in destinations facing overtourism. This paper examines how metaverse-based, metaverse-adjacent and hybrid festival configurations may reconfigure festival tourism by reshaping accessibility, cultural engagement and environmental performance, and considers the implications for governance and policy. Drawing on a narrative literature review of academic and institutional sources published mainly between 2010 and 2025, it synthesises work on digital transformation, virtual and hybrid events, accessible tourism, digital inequality, overtourism and sustainable festival management. The paper offers a structured, critically informed synthesis and a set of propositions intended to guide future empirical and theoretical research on metaverse applications in tourism and hospitality. The review suggests that "metaverse-based" festivals can ease geographical, financial and some physical constraints for some groups, widen participation for underserved groups and support new forms of cultural preservation and co-creation, while also risking deeper digital inequalities and renewed concerns about cultural commodification, data governance and authenticity. Environmentally, virtual participation may reduce travel-related emissions and local crowding when it substitutes for physical attendance, while shifting impacts towards energy-intensive digital infrastructures and device lifecycles.

The business is not just confined to selling products and services. Customization of products and services according to customer satisfaction has become an integral part of business. Consumer sentiment analysis has become an important part of business models. Businesses are also striving towards transform consumer experience, loyalty, and satisfaction using artificial intelligence (AI) concept specially machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) which are further used in sentiment analysis. Businesses can efficiently comprehend and respond to clients' comments and emotions by using sentiment analysis. Companies can now monitor vast amounts of customer interactions on a variety of platforms, including social platform, opinion, and support queries in real time. In addition to making it easier to understand consumer sentiment, AI-driven sentiment analysis technologies also make it possible to forecast trends and identify problems early on. Businesses may enhance the whole customer experience by improving products by features, personalizing client interactions, and refining strategy by using predictive capability. To provide a complete picture of customer interactions and preferences, current developments highlight the significance of combining sentiment analysis driven by AI with customer relationship management (CRM) systems. With an emphasis on sentiment analysis in commercial contexts, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in AI and ML and their ramifications in business performance optimization.

A practice of citizens journalism is an alternative form in a process of journalistic work to present information and news which are quick and accurate. Moreover, the advance in technology of communication and information seems to open up the very wide chance toward the practice of citizens journalism though the quality demand is also expected to be better. This things also cannot be separated from the demand that the citizens literacy in having media, especially the digital iteracy, can be better. In this case, Kompasiana as one of media for citizens journalism offers chance to Kompasianers to invlove. This meet poin of both two actors (citizens and media) can be a combination model which is profitable for tboth of them in order to present the practice of citizens journalisme with good quality as well as an effort to improve the literacy of citizens.

Материалы журнала доступны на сайте (articles and issues available at): philology-journal.ru Лингвистические средства создания образа В. В. Путина в английском языке (на материале твиттер-аккаунта Д. Д. Трампа) Кочерган А. М., Родина Е. И. Аннотация. Цель исследования состоит в раскрытии образа В. В. Путина на международной арене с помощью комплексного лингвистического анализа, проводимого на разных уровнях английского языка. Научная новизна заключается в том, что впервые были проанализированы лингвистические средства графического, морфологического, лексического, стилистического, синтаксического и семантического уровней, взятые из твиттер-аккаунта Д. Трампа, которые раскрывают образ В. В. Путина. Полученные результаты показали, что образ действующего президента Российской Федерации демонстрируется и с отрицательной, и с положительной стороны, а доминирующими уровнями являются лексико-стилистический и собственно лексический соответственно.

This study aims to examine Jordanian males' comments on females' physical appearance on Facebook to identify the impoliteness strategies that Jordanian males utilize in online communication. The socio-cultural factors affecting the selection of impoliteness behavior in males' comments are also investigated. As for the corpus of the study, a total of 470 comments and replies were chosen from 32 females' picture posts posted on two different Jordanian groups on Facebook. This study draws on Culpeper's (1996) impoliteness framework. All Culpeper's (1996) impoliteness strategies except withholding impoliteness (i.e., bald-on-record, sarcasm/mock, negative, positive) were employed. It was also found that making a clear boundary between different impoliteness strategies is not easy; more than one impoliteness strategy can be realized by the same expression. Furthermore, males were found to use other additional impoliteness strategies not mentioned in Culpeper's (1996) impoliteness framework, namely, third-party implicit impoliteness, supplications, and negative interjections. The data analysis also revealed that some comments were subsumed under new categories not mentioned in previous (im)politeness frameworks: ambiguous (im)politeness and adversative (im)politeness. The use of such various strategies can be ascribed to the effect of socio-cultural and religious background on males' behavior.

El ecosistema digital favorece en la actualidad una creciente aparición de publicaciones y plataformas que permiten replantearse la labor del crítico musical, inmerso hoy día en la red de Internet como profesional polivalente, mientras su labor se entrecruza con los intereses de la industria musical en un mundo globalizado. En esta propuesta analizaremos las posibilidades que redes sociales como YouTube ofrecen para el ejercicio de la crítica musical, revisando una selección de canales online sobre músicas populares urbanas.
Con lo expuesto, el objetivo principal de esta comunicación estriba en analizar prácticas y estrategias comunicativas novedosas en el ejercicio de la crítica musical, para generar comunidad y audiencia, a través del formato de video. Para ello, aportaremos una herramienta metodológica de elaboración propia, para la recogida de información y análisis, que tiene en cuenta categorías relacionadas con la participación de la audiencia, los contenidos audiovisuales, y los comportamientos del usuario prosumidor.

This study synthesizes 54 empirical studies published between 2014 and 2025 to examine how short-form video and livestreaming platforms reshape attention and marketing outcomes. The evidence shows a structural shift from social-graph logic, based on who users know, to interest-graph logic, based on what they watch, where algorithms act as active structural actors rather than passive distribution pipes. Short-form video effectiveness depends not only on creative quality but also on how well the content aligns with algorithmic affordances and how clearly the product is integrated into the clip’s visual and temporal flow. Product saliency and early, central placement consistently outperform traditional engagement metrics such as likes and comments in predicting sales. At the same time, influencer portfolios require careful calibration: mega influencers drive reach, and micro influencers drive conversion. Psychological mechanisms, including flow, social presence, trust, and parasocial interaction, mediate the relationship between video features and purchase intention. In contrast, intensive personalization creates a privacy paradox by linking relevance to perceived surveillance. Methodologically, the literature has shifted from survey-based models toward experiments, log data analytics, and AI-driven metrics. Overall, the review positions short-form video platforms as core institutions of an emerging attention-based economy and outlines a research agenda on AI influencers, neuromarketing evidence, and algorithmic auditing. Keywords: Short-Form Video, Attention Economy, Algorithmic Transparency, Engagement, Purchase Intention.

November 5 -6 2025 th th 1 creators, algor thm c curat on, and consumer psychology. J ang and Chen (2024) argues that AI-dr ven personal zat on generates d g tal dependency, wh ch, n turn, shapes purchase behav or, and emphas zes that effect veness depends on both content qual ty and algor thm c al gnment. Engagement s gnals such as l kes, comments, shares, and watch t me further shape platform v s b l ty and user evaluat ons. Wh le enterta n ng, or g nal, and emot onally r ch content strengthens engagement, overly commerc al or repet t ve v deos may nduce avo dance. Moreover, excess ve personal zat on can weaken pr vacy percept ons and ncrease ad avo dance (L et al., 2023), underscor ng the mportance of transparency and fa rness n understand ng short-v deo market ng. Th s study synthes zes 54 emp r cal stud es publ shed between 2014 and 2025, follow ng PRISMA gu del nes, to assess how short-form v deo algor thms nfluence attent on economy nd cators and market ng outcomes. Three core quest ons gu de th s rev ew. How do v deo algor thms and content features shape attent on and flow? How do soc al presence and trust mechan sms nfluence purchase ntent on? How do platform d fferences and content types alter market ng effect veness? Address ng these quest ons helps ntegrate fragmented theoret cal ns ghts and prov des pract t oners w th ev dence-based gu dance for nav gat ng an algor thm c market ng landscape.

Bu çalışmanın amacı bir çoklu ortam materyali olarak dijital hikâyelerin
sosyal bilgiler öğretimindeki yerini ve önemini değerlendirmektir. Teknoloji
her geçen gün gelişmektedir. Bu durumun doğal bir sonucu olarak sınıf
içerisindeki eğitim faaliyetleri de teknoloji tabanlı bir dönüşüm yaşamaktadır. Günümüzde sınıf içerisinde kullanılan çok sayıda çoklu ortam materyali bulunmaktadır. Bu çoklu ortam materyallerinden bir tanesi de dijital hikâyelerdir. Dijital hikâyelerin kökleri 1980’li yıllara kadar gitmektedir. Teknolojik gelişmelerle bağlantılı olarak son zamanlarda sınıf içerisinde en sık kullanılan internet tabanlı eğitim materyallerinden bir tanesi haline gelmiştir. Dijital hikâyeler bugün eğitimin bütün kademelerinde (ilkokul, ortaokul, lise, üniversite) dersin kazanım ve hedeflerinin öğrencilere aktarılması ve konuların daha kolay anlaşılması noktasında oldukça yardımcı bir eğitim materyalidir.

This research presents a 12+ year empirical analysis of content marketing optimization strategies, examining the evolution from traditional SEO-focused approaches to AI-inclusive methodologies addressing generative search engines and large language model (LLM) integration. The study analyzes implementation data from 100 organizations across 1000+ campaigns, measuring efficiency metrics, search visibility outcomes, and conversion performance.
The research identifies three core strategic components: intelligent content repurposing (achieving 50-70% efficiency gains through multi-format adaptation), strategic platform seeding (leveraging high-domain-authority distribution channels), and cross-promotional attribution systems (maintaining conversion efficacy amid organic traffic decline). Quantitative analysis demonstrates significant performance advantages: 46% of practitioners report superior effectiveness versus baseline methods, while 65% document enhanced operational efficiency.
The study's primary contribution addresses the 2025-2026 search ecosystem transformation, where AI Overview implementations reduced organic click-through rates by 10-15% while simultaneously increasing branded search queries by 20-40%. The proposed framework incorporates EEAT (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness) signal optimization, structured data implementation, and LLM training data positioning strategies.
Methodological validation derives from Internet Archive documentation (establishing 2014 framework origins), BrightEdge longitudinal studies (2024-2025), and cross-sector replication across Web3, cryptocurrency, and traditional business environments. The research offers actionable frameworks for marketing practitioners navigating the transition from click-based to answer-based search paradigms while maintaining measurable business outcomes.

Keywords: content marketing, content repurposing, search engine optimization, artificial intelligence, generative AI, LLM optimization, EEAT signals, digital marketing strategy, marketing efficiency, search behavior, answer engine optimization, GEO, AEO, strategic marketing advisory.

Research Categories:
-Marketing Strategy & Planning
-Digital Marketing
-Information Systems
-Human-Computer Interaction
-Business Process Optimization

Methodology: Mixed-methods longitudinal study, quantitative performance analysis, qualitative platform assessment

Data Availability: Aggregated performance metrics available; proprietary campaign data anonymized per confidentiality agreements

Conflicts of Interest: Research conducted by Belkin Marketing, a digital marketing consultancy. Findings validated against third-party industry studies (BrightEdge, industry benchmarking reports).

Suggested Citation:
Belkin Marketing (2026). A Longitudinal Study of Content Repurposing Efficacy in Digital Marketing Communications: AI Integration and Search Behavior Adaptation (20014-2026). Presented at UnDavos Summit during Davos World Economic Forum Week, Davos, Switzerland.

The proliferation of internet technology and the interactive capacities of Web 2.0 have significantly reshaped journalistic practices globally. The emergence of online newspapers in Nigeria has opened the information space to increased user participation, thereby challenging the monopoly once held by professional journalists in gathering, producing, and disseminating news. This study investigates journalists' perceptions of the influence of User-Generated Content (UGC) on online journalism in Nigeria, focusing on The Eagle Online and The Niche newspapers. Anchored on Technological Determinism, the study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative in-depth interviews with the editorial and reportorial teams of the two newspapers, other media practitioners, and purposively selected online audiences across Lagos, Abuja, Kaduna, and Port Harcourt. The researcher also collected quantitative survey data from 75 journalists to complement the qualitative findings. Results show that both newspapers have fully incorporated UGC into their news-gathering and editorial operations. A significant majority (94%) of surveyed practitioners confirmed that their organisations maintain an active online presence, while 73% demonstrated a clear understanding of UGC as a component of digital journalism. Findings further reveal that UGC enriches reportage, enhances news coverage at grassroots levels, increases website traffic, and contributes indirectly to advertising revenue. Despite concerns about fake news and declining gatekeeping control, both titles have successfully imposed rigorous editorial standards on the use of UGC, thereby sustaining credibility and public trust. The study concludes that UGC has become indispensable to online journalism practice in Nigeria and recommends continuous professional oversight, stronger digital literacy among journalists, and further research into emerging participatory news cultures.

Bireysel hafiza, bireysel kimligin gelismesinde temel bir role sahiptir. Bireylerin mevcut bakis acilari, hisleri ve hedefleri, gecmis benliklerini ve hatiralarini ele alis sekillerini etkiler. Bu nedenledir ki, insanlarin mevcut icgoruleri, kendi gecmisleri hakkinda neler hatirladiklari ve daha onceki benlik ve hatiralarini nasil degerlendirdiklerinden etkilenirler. Insanlarin gecmis hatiralari ile ilgili degerlendirmelerinin yeniden insasi, hatiralarinin yeniden degerlendirilmesi, bazi gecmis deneyimlerden acikca kacmaya calismalari ve hatiralarina bakis acilari, gecmisin simdiki durum ve kimlikleri nasil etkiledigine dair bize ongorulerde bulunur. Bu calismada, Shelagh Stephenson’in 1996 yilinda yazilan oyunu The Memory of Water’ da, annelerinin defin islemleri icin Ingiltere’nin kuzeyinde Yorkshire’da yillar sona bir araya gelen uc kiz kardes araciligiyla hafiza ve kimlik arasindaki karsilikli iliskiyi incelemeye odaklanacagiz. Kiz kardeslerin hikâyenin baslarindaki vurdumduymaz...

She didn't really make it. She made it but she shouldn't have. She made it but look what she made it about. She made it but she isn't really an artist, and it isn't really art. She made it but it's derivative. She made it but it's infringing. She made it but it violates the DMCA. She made it BUT . . . 1 YouTube was founded in the spring of 2005. That summer, viddersthe overwhelmingly female community of video editors who create fan music video out of television and film footage -gathered in Chicago to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of vidding with a dance party and two cakes: one shaped like a VHS cassette and one like a DVD. It now seems incredible that vidders managed to create and share video for almost thirty years without streaming technology; in fact, in 2005, some vidders were still distributing their work on VHS. However, most vidders had by then switched to digital editing, and some were even cautiously offering their work for download on password-protected sites. Vidders exercised caution because they thought they could be sued if they did not. Tashery Shannon, the founder of Rainbow

Sisabet and Luminosity foreground the torture of both female characters and the feminist spectator in their vid "Women's Work" (2007). Britney Spears's music video "Crazy" is recontextualized in Obsessive24's "Piece of Me" (2008). Francesca coppa is an associate professor of English and the codirector of the Film Studies Program at Muhlenberg College, where she teaches courses in dramatic literature, performance studies, and mass-media storytelling. A founder of the Organization for Transformative Works, she has recently been writing about fan vidding both as a feminist art form and as a fair use of copyrighted works.

Research on Airbnb has provided significant evidence that it has an adverse impact on hotel performance. However, the impact of a more recent Airbnb-related phenomenon that remains under-explored is the increasing professionalization of Airbnb and the prevalence of multi-unit hosts who offer more than one listing on the platform and are typically more dynamic in terms of issues like managing inventory and providing more standardized experiences. This professionalization begs the question of whether Airbnb should be considered a sharing economy platform or a lodging corporation (Airbnb 2.0). To answer this question, the present study identifies which types of Airbnb properties (entire homes, private rooms, or shared rooms) and host structures (single-or multi-unit hosts) are the biggest threats to traditional lodging companies in the U.S., and which states are most affected by the presence of Airbnb. The findings have significant implications for researchers and many practitioners associated with the phenomenon.

This thesis presents research theorising the use of social network sites (SNS) for the consumption of cultural goods. SNS are Internet-based applications that enable people to connect, interact, discover, and share user-generated content. They have transformed communication practices and are facilitating users to present their identity online through the disclosure of information on a profile. SNS are especially effective for propagating content far and wide within a network of connections. Cultural goods constitute hedonic experiential goods with cultural, artistic, and entertainment value, such as music, books, films, and fashion. Their consumption is culturally dependant and they have unique characteristics that distinguish them from utilitarian products. The way in which users express their identity on SNS is through the sharing of cultural interests and tastes. This makes cultural good consumption vulnerable to the exchange of content and ideas that occurs across an expansive network of connections within these social systems. However, there has been very little research on the use of social network sites for the consumption of cultural goods, and a lack of theory for understanding complex interactive social systems. Therefore, this study proposes the lens of affordances to theorise the use of social network sites for the consumption of cultural goods. Qualitative case study research using two phases of data collection is proposed in the application of affordances to the research topic. The interaction between task, technology, and user characteristics is investigated by examining each characteristic in detail, before investigating the actual interaction between the user and the artifact for a particular purpose. Phase one of the study involved a system inventory of three social network sites: Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. The user guides and help of documentation of the three sites were analysed using the social and content affordances of SNS identified in the literature review. This phase identified the intended affordances of SNS and resulted in a list of 18 technical features, their functionality, and a collection of corresponding instantiations. A system inventory is presented for each SNS affordance across the three case sites. This analysis is abstracted and applied to general SNS systems, providing empirical measures and constructs for the second phase of data collection. say better than I did. They provided incredible insight and encouragement from beginning to end and I cannot thank them enough. Thank you to Professor Ciaran Murphy, Patricia Lynch, and all of the staff in the BIS department for your support throughout the years, and all of the exemplary lecturers I had the pleasure of being taught by. And thank you to all my fellow researchers, for the conversations and the company. Aonghus and Cathal, who were always willing to hash it out over all things social media, often steering me back on course when I needed it. To Rob, for always providing a unique perspective, and Stephen, for the movie trivia and distractions, and of course Laleh, for your immeasurable kindness. Thank you all of you lovely people who graced the PhD labs over the years. A special thank you to Yvonne, who was by my side all these years since our first foray into academia. This experience would have been all the poorer without the coffee and laughs that we had in abundance. Thank you for your unwavering support and selfless help, I am truly grateful to have lived this with you. I also had the immense pleasure of interviewing a number of wonderful people, who were so kind to share their passion for music with me, thank you for taking the time to let me talk with you. Adam, you are my person. Thank you for never letting a joke dieeven if it should! I can safely say that you are the funniest person that I know and your love of music has been a guiding light and quite educational/enjoyable/frustrating to boot. I tried to find an appropriate Mark and Jez quote, but as you know, there are no appropriate Mark and Jez quotes. You will have to use your imagination.

Information sharing is an important motivation for individuals to join social networking websites (SNSs). One source for the shared information are the posts that are shared in SNS. In this study, we propose a research model that represents antecedents of trust in posts in the SNS and the impact of culture. We plan to gather data from two countriesChina and USA. We expect to find that content credibility and source credibility as antecedents of trust. In addition, we expect to find that involvement in the post moderates the effect of source credibility and content credibility on trust. Finally, we expect that source credibility and content credibility have the greatest impact on trust in the USA.

The advent of Web 2.0 has revolutionized the internet, transforming it from a static information repository into a dynamic, interactive, and user-driven ecosystem. This shift has paved the way for social networking sites (SNS) to flourish, enabling real-time communication, content sharing, and collaboration on an unprecedented scale. This review explores the key innovations of Web 2.0 that serve as the backbone of modern social networking platforms. It highlights technologies such as AJAX, APIs, cloud computing, and user-generated content, emphasizing their role in shaping the social media landscape. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of these innovations, their impact on digital interaction, and future trends in the evolving world of social networking.

Дискурс масс-медиа начала 2000х рассматривается как феномен, в значительной степени основанный на триаде "экспрессия - воздействие - манипуляция", определяются некоторые языковые / речевые средства, которые используются СМИ для достижения перлокутивного эффекта и реализации манипулятивных возможностей. Возрастающая роль масс-медийной коммуникации в современном
информационном обществе расширяет круг проблем, требующих многоаспектного и
безотлагательного освещения лингвистами. Язык СМИ становится средством
осуществления социальной власти, средством формирования мировоззрения и
мировосприятия адресатов. На наших глазах происходит активное развитие и
усовершенствование средств манипулирования сознанием аудитории, и масс
медийный дискурс все больше приобретает структуру манипулятивного. В этих
условиях возникает острая необходимость выявления языковых средств,
используемых для повышения перлокутивной эффективности СМИ, описания.
механизма реализации их прагматического потенциала и манипулятивных
возможностей. Экспрессивная лексика, окказиональные слова, сленгизмы,
эптонимы, политические метафоры, оценочные импликатуры – всего лишь части сложной мозаики воздействия, которую исследователям еще предстоит собрать. The research examines the Ukrainian mass media discourse of the early 2000s as a phenomenon largely built upon the triad of "expression – impact – manipulation." It identifies specific linguistic and speech tools employed by the media to achieve perlocutionary effects and implement manipulative strategies.

The study highlights that during this pivotal period, media language became a primary instrument of social power, actively shaping the worldview and perceptions of the audience. The work describes the rapid evolution and refinement of techniques for manipulating public consciousness, noting that mass media discourse increasingly adopted a manipulative structure.

In these conditions, the author emphasizes the urgent need to reveal the pragmatic potential of media. The analysis covers a "mosaic of impact" consisting of expressive vocabulary, occasionalisms, slang, eptonyms, political metaphors, and evaluative implicatures.

Продвижение ООО «Шамса-Холдинг» в сети Интернет Автор: Дорогов Илья Дмитриевич, Школа экономики и менеджмента, кафедра маркетинга, коммерции и логистики, группа Б1117-38.03.06 (2). Научный руководитель: Носкова Елена Викторовна, канд. экон. наук, доцент кафедры маркетинга, коммерции и логистики, Школа экономики и менеджмента.

This paper explores how digital innovations, particularly travel applications, contribute to promoting sustainable tourism. By analyzing user-generated content, interface features, and eco-certifications in selected travel apps, this study highlights how digital tools could foster cultural and environmental sustainability. It examines publicly available data from apps like TripAdvisor, Airbnb, and Booking.com to assess their effectiveness in encouraging responsible tourist behavior. The findings reveal how these apps integrate sustainability features and communicate them to users, offering practical recommendations for destination managers and digital marketers.