Visitor Impact Management

This study investigated Chinese tourists' perceptions of domestic cultural heritage in general and consumption of a renowned Chinese cultural heritage site in terms of motivation and satisfaction across four generations. Seven hundred and five selfadministered questionnaires were collected at Kulangsu. Findings showed tourists were interested in cultural heritage that conveys national history and culture, yet considered famous people and literary works secondary. They held strong positive views of World Heritage designation, yet the Post-80s and Post-90s showed lower interest in famous heritage places than prior generations. While consuming Kulangsu, the Lost Generation was cultural-heritage-oriented, whereas the younger generations were experience-oriented.

The research discusses identifying and evaluating the most appropriate approach for assessing the environmental and tourism carrying capacity for the case of national parks in KSA, which can be integrated into the planning process methodology for developing parks. The research examined the approaches used and found five main approaches: Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC), Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), Visitor Impact Management (VIM), Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP), and The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) methodology for assessing environmental carrying capacity developed by Cifuentes (1992). The concepts of these approaches were studied, then the advantages and disadvantages of each approach were analyzed. The results showed that the main appropriate approach for the case of national parks in Saudi Arabia is the methodology of (IUCN) for assessing environmental carrying capacity developed by Cifuentes (1992). Additionally, the Visitor Impact Management (VIM) approach can be used to assess the negative impacts of visitors and activities. The appropriate approach was applied to Saysad National Park in Taif city, and it was found that it can accommodate recreational and developmental activities. The physical carrying capacity equals 156,240 visitors/day, the real environmental carrying capacity equals 118,604 visitors/day, and the effective carrying capacity and operational management capacity equal 53,372 visitors/day. A proposed framework has been presented that can be applied to integrate the approach of environmental and tourism carrying capacity into the planning process methodology for national parks and the sustainable management.

Although tour guides' role in encouraging pro-environmental behavior has been confirmed in the literature, little research has been undertaken to examine how world heritage site (WHS) type may influence the relationship between tour guides' performance and tourists' pro-environmental behavior. The difference between cultural world heritage and natural world heritage in terms of tourists' behavior is under-explored. This research aims to assess the moderating effect of world heritage type (cultural and natural) on the relationship between tour guides' performance and tourists' pro-environmental behavior. A self-administrated survey was used for collecting data from two of the most famous natural and cultural WHSs: Petra Archeological Park in Jordan and Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. PLS-SEM was employed to conduct multi-group and path analysis. The results showed that world heritage type partially moderates the relationship between the performance of tour guides, tourists' experience, satisfaction, and pro-environmental behavior. Managerial and theoretical implications and research directions are discussed.

The use of virtual and immersion technologies has expanded considerably due to their impact on user experience, economy, knowledge, and sustainable conservation of cultural heritage according to studies conducted in various parts of the world in different disciplines (architecture, economy, entertainment, health, tourism, etc.), including on tourism in Mexico. These technologies are used in some archaeological sites, but development and implementation are scarce due to the lack of economic strategies, infrastructure, and human capital, which are preventing the sustainable exploitation of those sites, although some of these sites have met the basic requirements for providing a better experience to visitors. However, these sites should be studied to propose integral solutions not only to improve the tourist experience, but also to assist in their protection, conservation, and sustainable development. Here, we used knowledge from the soft systems methodology and the hologram generation system to generate proposals to solve the problem described. The result is a sustainable historical-cultural model based on the systemic approach, whose objective is to positively impact the visitor experience while maintaining harmony with the environment.

Trail route networks provide an infrastructure for touristic and recreational walking activities worldwide. They can have a variety of layouts, signage systems, development and management patterns, involving multiple stakeholders and contributors, and tend to be determined by various interests on different levels and dynamically changing circumstances. This paper aims to develop the skeleton of TRAILSIGNER, a sound geospatial conceptual data model suite of trail networks, waymarked routes and their signage systems and assets, which can be used as a basis for creating an information system for the effective, organic and consistent planning, management, maintenance and presentation of trails and their signage. This reduces potential confusion, mistrust and danger for visitors caused by information mismatches including incomplete, incoherent or inconsistent route signposting. To ensure consistency of incrementally planned signposts with each other and with the (possibly changing) under...

This paper adopts a systematic review approach to explore heritage interpretation as a catalyst for sustainable ecotourism in protected areas. Premised on the importance of protected areas as a strategy for the conservation of the natural environment, the study seeks to unpack the nature, breadth and trends that predominate contemporary scholarly discourse on the concept of heritage interpretation in protected areas. Based on an in-depth exploration of notable scientific databases (Sabinet, Scopus, Emerald, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis Online, and journals’ websites) 129 scholarly publications were extracted and screened, with 57 publications meeting the ‘relevance’ criteria. The data analysis followed a characterisation, content analysis and thematic extraction. Key outcomes highlighted most of the studies emanating from the Global North, with themes reflecting the role of interpretation in protected areas, interpretation planning, management and evaluation, environmental interpretat...

Due to intensive tourism and increasing demand for recreational activities, people produce more waste. In this context, the aim of this research is to determine the opinions of experts working in tourism and recreation areas in Lithuania, Turkey and Morocco with respect to waste management problems. Interviews were held in Turkey, Lithuania and Morocco in order to determine the attitudes of experts about recreational activities with respect to a clean environment and sustainability. A semistructured interview form was used for interviews with forest operators and other experts. The sample group consisted of 24 experts from Turkey, Lithuania and Morocco. The prominent results of the interviews conducted in the three countries regarding waste and sustainable waste management can be listed as follows: intensive waste production caused by participants, inadequate legal regulation, insufficient recycling, damage to the environment and natural structures, inadequate control and inspection...

Despite a long and persistent tradition of landscape romanticism in Britain, previous critical studies of the 'rural idyll' [1][2] have clearly demonstrated that the countryside does not always elicit positive feelings. Whether they represent, amongst other experiences, isolation and loneliness, exclusion, stigma, or fear, rural landscapes can have negative associations for certain individuals and communities. But how does the historic dimension of such landscapes contribute to or combat this

This study attempts to analyze the value of graffiti tours from the perspective of sustainable tourism by examining actual reviews by social media users using text mining and social network analysis. The text mining technique indicates that “artist,” “history,” “political,” “culture,” “social,” “city,” “background,” “great,” “recommend,” “excellent”, and “worth,” are frequently used keywords for the reviews. When comparing word frequencies per review between 2013–2016 and 2017–2019, the results show that the words, “history,” “political,” “culture,” and “social,” have been more frequently used over time. Furthermore, the network visualization shows that those words connoting socio-cultural sustainability are mutually connected. Therefore, the study suggests that graffiti tours can have potential for assuming the role of sustainable tourism, since the keywords from reviews are associated with the perspective of socio-cultural sustainability.

Aims/objective: To design a model of sustainable tourism development strategy in small islands tourism areas in developing countries so that the development of tourism can eliminate environmental problems that endanger the sustainability of tourism resources and threats to the economic welfare of local communities Design: This paper utilizes strategic management concepts through an analytical framework formulation approach which consists of SWOT analysis, alternative strategy, quantitative strategic planning matrix and choice of sustainable tourism development strategy and ends with the modeling of strategy development of sustainable tourism Methodology: According to the data and analysis, this approach is a qualitative approach, utilizing the Miles and Huberman model analytics. The technique of taking the number of participants is a snowball sampling Results: This paper introduces the concept of a strategic model of sustainable tourism development Original Research Article

Just before the lockdown caused by the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, the archeological sites close to the Mexican Caribbean were having an exponential number of visitors. The restrictions on traveling due to the pandemic resulted in a decrease in the number of visitors; however, the visitor flow is rising again. This scenario provides a historical opportunity to carry out strategies towards the visitor’s management as well as to awake consciousness of the damage caused by the excess of visitors in cultural heritage sites. Establishing limits on the number of visitors is a well-recognized strategy to achieve sustainability in a cultural heritage site. An excess of visitors has an impact on two elements: the cultural resource and the quality of the visitor experience. Crowding perception has been demonstrated to be an effective indicator to evaluate the visitor experience and to determine standards of quality in cultural and natural sites. The place of origin of visitors is among the sociodemo...

Just before the lockdown caused by the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, the archeological sites close to the Mexican Caribbean were having an exponential number of visitors. The restrictions on traveling due to the pandemic resulted in a decrease in the number of visitors; however, the
visitor flow is rising again. This scenario provides a historical opportunity to carry out strategies towards the visitor’s management as well as to awake consciousness of the damage caused by the excess of visitors in cultural heritage sites. Establishing limits on the number of visitors is a well recognized strategy to achieve sustainability in a cultural heritage site. An excess of visitors has an impact on two elements: the cultural resource and the quality of the visitor experience. Crowding perception has been demonstrated to be an effective indicator to evaluate the visitor experience and to determine standards of quality in cultural and natural sites. The place of origin of visitors is among the sociodemographic factors that can affect crowding standards. This study used a quantitative questionnaire based on normative theory and a visual method to identify the crowding standards of
national and international visitors at the Mayan archaeological site of Tulum located in the vicinity of the Mexican Caribbean resort of Cancun. The results show that general visitor acceptability decreases as the number of people increase. International visitors are less tolerant to crowding than national visitors as they show the most restrictive acceptable level of people at the same time at the archaeological site. Findings are discussed in terms of their management implications for the development of a tourism-carrying capacity framework for cultural sites, thereby contributing to the achievement of more sustainable cultural tourism.

This report describes results from a comprehensive assessment of resource conditions on a large (24%) sample of the trail system within Big South Fork National River and Recreational Area (BSF). Components include research to develop state-of-knowledge trail impact assessment and monitoring methods, application of survey methods to BSF trails, analysis and summary of results, and recommendations for trail management decision making and future monitoring. Findings reveal a trail system with some substantial degradation, particularly soil erosion, which additionally threatens water quality in areas adjacent to streams and rivers. Factors that contribute to or influence these problems are analyzed and described. Principal among these are trail design factors (trail topographic position, soil texture, grade and slope alignment angle), use-related factors (type and amount of use), and maintenance factors (water drainage). Recommendations are offered to assist managers in improving the sustainability of the trails system to accommodate visitation while enhancing natural resource protection.

Sustainable development in the tourism industry is the key concern in this present world. Many countries are trying to focus on that. Tourism policy of Bhutan is focusing on sustainable development to conserve the natural and cultural heritage and improving the prosperity of the residents which is the general idea of Gross National Happiness (GNH). The government of Bhutan has already taken many steps to develop the tourism industry as it is the major source of the country's economy. But it is not possible to develop the tourism industry without the participation of local people. Millennial people are an important part of the local people and those millennial will dominate the tourism industry as they are the future of tomorrow. That's why millennial people should be aware of sustainable development for a better future. On this research, we have tried to quantify the awareness of millennial people towards sustainable tourism development.

The day tripper (or day visitor) is a visitor type that represents a high proportion of total visitor trips; however, unlike the tourist, few studies focus their attention specifically on them. Additionally, there is currently a marked deficit of methodological specificity in the definition of the concept and the quantification procedures used in its study. This article examines the various definitions proposed to date of the ‘day trip’, highlighting this lack of specificity, above all with regard to the concept of usual environment. It then proposes a specific methodology for the quantification of day trips in small areas, without discounting official statistics, but seeking to make it independent of other variables (including the size of a territory). We propose linking usual environment with belonging to the same urban system. The article concludes by applying our proposal to the case of the province of Barcelona.