Peter Cahusac
BSc PhD MSc CStat
The likelihood approach to statistical inference. Created an R statistical package likelihoodR to calculate support (log likelihood ratio) for common statistical tests, available through CRAN, see: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=likelihoodR. Also jamovi module jeva now available in the jamovi library www.jamovi.org, https://blog.jamovi.org/2023/02/22/jeva.html
These accompany my book Evidence-Based Statistics (2020). Reviewed here:
https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/rssa.12761
I have completed research on mechanoreceptors and the neural processing of touch, temperature and pain in the cerebral cortex of somatosensory.
Phone: Office: +966 1 215 7640
Address: College of Medicine
Alfaisal University
P.O.Box 50927
Riyadh 11533
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The likelihood approach to statistical inference. Created an R statistical package likelihoodR to calculate support (log likelihood ratio) for common statistical tests, available through CRAN, see: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=likelihoodR. Also jamovi module jeva now available in the jamovi library www.jamovi.org, https://blog.jamovi.org/2023/02/22/jeva.html
These accompany my book Evidence-Based Statistics (2020). Reviewed here:
https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/rssa.12761
I have completed research on mechanoreceptors and the neural processing of touch, temperature and pain in the cerebral cortex of somatosensory.
Phone: Office: +966 1 215 7640
Address: College of Medicine
Alfaisal University
P.O.Box 50927
Riyadh 11533
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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is underlying trochlear dysplasia (TD). Recent trends have indicated the use of multiple procedures to correct patellar instability
under these conditions. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) and trochleoplasty (TP) are surgical strategies
that have demonstrated successful outcomes. However, it is unclear whether isolated MPFLR suffices for patellar instability in
the presence of severe TD. Furthermore, the need for TP or a combined approach, considering its invasiveness and technical
demands, to achieve better clinical outcomes and patellofemoral stability remains uncertain.
Purpose: To compare the outcomes of 3 surgical interventions for addressing patellar instability due to TD: MPFLR, TP, and combined
MPFLR and TP.
Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods: Studies reporting the clinical outcomes of MPFLR, TP, and both in combination, regardless of additional procedures, were
identified using the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative
Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. An important inclusion criterion was that studies should include the mean
preoperative and postoperative Kujala scores and any complications. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis.
Results: Overall, 30 studies were included: 10 describing the outcomes of TP, 13 describing the outcomes of MPFLR, and 7
describing the outcomes of combined TP and MPFLR. Furthermore, 1457 patients (1571 knees) were evaluated with a mean
follow-up of 42.4 6 32.8 months. No statistically significant differences were found between the 3 methods regarding the
mean difference using the Kujala score. However, combined MPFLR and TP had the highest weighted mean difference compared
with the other 2 procedures (28.5 points; P\.001). Evidential analysis revealed a robust log-likelihood ratio (S = 3.2) supporting
the superiority of the combined procedure when comparing this mean and the weighted grand mean of 23.7. The redislocation
rate after patellar stabilization remained minimal, irrespective of the surgical procedure (mean, 0.7%). However, the rate of residual
patellar instability was the highest in the TP group (mean, 13.5%).
Conclusion: This study found no statistically significant difference between the outcomes of the 3 procedures. However, the
combined approach of MPFLR and TP was associated with the most promising clinical outcomes and a low redislocation rate
in patients with varying severities of TD.
test analysis is most often used, although some researchers use likelihood ratio test (LRT) analysis. Does it matter which test is used? A review of the literature, examination of the theoretical foundations, and analyses of simulations and empirical data are used by this paper to argue that only the LRT should be used when we are interested in testing whether the binomial proportions are equal. This so-called test of independence is by far the most popular, meaning the χ2
test is widely misused. By contrast, the χ2
test should be reserved for where the data appear to match too closely a particular hypothesis (e.g., the null hypothesis), where the variance is of interest, and is less than expected. Low variance can be of interest in various scenarios, particularly in investigations of data integrity. Finally, it is argued that the evidential approach provides a consistent and coherent method that avoids the difficulties posed by significance testing. The approach facilitates the calculation of appropriate log likelihood ratios to suit our research aims, whether this is to test the proportions or to test the variance. The conclusions from this paper apply to larger contingency tables, including multi-way tables.