Videos by Victor O . Tenorio
Presented at the 2020 Moon Conference, July 19, 2020
27 views
Papers by Victor O . Tenorio
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2020
The integration of computer-based technologies interacting with industrial machines or home appli... more The integration of computer-based technologies interacting with industrial machines or home appliances through an interconnected network, for teleoperation, workflow control, switching to autonomous mode, or collecting data automatically using a variety of sensors, is known as Internet of Things (IoT). When applied inside an industrial context, it is possible to immediately benefit from the analytics obtained, contributing to process optimization, machine health, the safety of workers and asset management. IoT can assist real-time platforms in remotely monitoring and operating a complex production system with minimal intervention of humans. Hence it can be beneficial for hazardous industries, such as mining, by increasing the safety of personnel and equipment while reducing operation costs. An ideal smart automated mine could potentially be achievable by gradually taking advantage of IoT. Currently, different sensors are used in mine-related activities, such as geophones in exploration and blast control, piezometers in dewatering and toxic gas detectors in working frontlines. However, a fully integrated automated system is challenging in practice due to infrastructural limitations in communication, data management and storage. Moreover, the tendency of mining companies to continue with traditional methods instead of relying on untested novel techniques decelerates this progress. In this study, the adaptability of the mining industry to IoT systems and its current development is reviewed. Significant challenges of this progress are investigated and recommendations to develop a comprehensive model suited for different mining sections such as exploration, operation and safety considering flexible technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks and the introduction of Global Data Management.
Scientific reports, May 22, 2024
Fissures form the channel for rainwater infiltration, which accelerate the infiltration of rainwa... more Fissures form the channel for rainwater infiltration, which accelerate the infiltration of rainwater into slope bodies, hence its important impact on the seepage field and stability of the slope. In this paper, taking one landslide of Liang-Wan freeway as the research object, firstly, the equivalent permeability coefficient method is used to homogenize the fissured soil. Then considering the boundary conditions of rainfall infiltration and groundwater level, a fluid-structure coupling model is established based on saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, and evolution characteristics of seepage, displacement and stress of the slope are studied. Based on these, the slope stability coefficient is determined. The results show that the rising rate of pore water pressure and volume water content of topsoil increases when multi-fissure seepage is considered, and the pore water velocity is larger in the local seepage range of fissures. With the increase of buried depth, the closer to groundwater level, the influence of multifissure seepage gradually weakens. The theoretical calculation results of slope displacement are more consistent with the field monitoring results. With the increase of rainfall time, the stability coefficient of slope decreases gradually, and the rate and range of decrease are greater.
Fissures form the channel for rainwater infiltration, which accelerate the infiltration of rainwa... more Fissures form the channel for rainwater infiltration, which accelerate the infiltration of rainwater into slope bodies, hence its important impact on the seepage field and stability of the slope. In this paper, taking one landslide of Liang-Wan freeway as the research object, firstly, the equivalent permeability coefficient method is used to homogenize the fissured soil. Then considering the boundary conditions of rainfall infiltration and groundwater level, a fluid-structure coupling model is established based on saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, and evolution characteristics of seepage, displacement and stress of the slope are studied. Based on these, the slope stability coefficient is determined. The results show that the rising rate of pore water pressure and volume water content of topsoil increases when multi-fissure seepage is considered, and the pore water velocity is larger in the local seepage range of fissures. With the increase of buried depth, the closer to groundwater level, the influence of multifissure seepage gradually weakens. The theoretical calculation results of slope displacement are more consistent with the field monitoring results. With the increase of rainfall time, the stability coefficient of slope decreases gradually, and the rate and range of decrease are greater.
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration
This paper presents an algorithm for optimizing the scheduling of trackless equipment in undergro... more This paper presents an algorithm for optimizing the scheduling of trackless equipment in underground mines. With the shortest working interval and maximum productivity as goals, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the problem, and obtain the optimal working sequence with the most suitable equipment configuration possible. The input for the proposed method is the number of units and capacity of trackless equipment, the production process, ore amount in stopes, and the distance between stopes. The algorithm is verified using four setups of 5 stopes with 5 cycles, 5 stopes with 15 cycles, 10 stopes with 10 cycles, and 10 stopes with 30 cycles. The solution time of the algorithm is no more than 20 min, which is acceptable for practical applications. The results show that the setup of 10 stopes with 30 cycles is closer to the actual production of the mines, and the optimization model can effectively improve the operation efficiency. In this scenario, the robustness of the optimization is tested by simulating equipment failure events. Under the condition of 8% failure rate, the operation time is extended over 3.21-14.56% than expected, which represents strong robustness. The algorithm can quickly provide a feasible and effective solution for the production scheduling decision of trackless equipment in underground mines.
Stability and reliability of a shallow tunnel in soft surrounding rock: construction technology and prediction
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022
Shallow-buried tunnels are often constructed under strata of gravel or unconsolidated sediments; ... more Shallow-buried tunnels are often constructed under strata of gravel or unconsolidated sediments; one distinguishing property is that the tunnel crown is near to the ground surface, surrounded by a weak mass of rocks mixed with unconsolidated material. So, it is of high importance that improved excavation methods integrated with modern reinforcement technologies are utilized to ensure stability and reliability of the tunnel. In this paper, the Xizicheng Shallow-Buried Tunnel is presented as an example. First, a geological radar experiment is presented, and safety factors are calculated to analyze and assess the stability of the tunnel; second, the construction methods and reinforcement technologies of grade IV and grade V surrounding rocks are proposed, respectively. Based on these steps, a finite element numerical model is built; the displacement of surrounding rock and horizontal stress, vertical stress, and vertical displacement of tunnel support are studied, with the mechanical laws and characteristics of surrounding rock and tunnel supports being analyzed at the same time. During the tunnel excavation period, the displacement and deformation of grade IV and grade V surrounding rocks is measured. The results show that the vault subsidence and clearance convergence are all small, confirming that the skill measures and methods can ensure safety and stability of the shallow tunnel in soft surrounding rock.
SME MineXchange 2022 Proceedings, 2022
This research is the result of a geotechnical study carried out in a natural slope in an Open Pit... more This research is the result of a geotechnical study carried out in a natural slope in an Open Pit mine in Southern Peru, highlighting earthquakes as an important cause of instability within the case study presented. This leads to analyze the stability of a slope, according to the safety factor and thus consider a future construction in its environment according to the identified requirements. There are known disasters at national and international level that involve human lives because of the lack of analysis of slope stability conditions, which based on the results will allow to control and to take adequate corrective measures. These mass movements are classified whether they are soils or rocks, considering the mechanism and type of rupture, as well as the presence of water, the speed and magnitude of the movement. The movement problems are due to factors of inherent nature and constitute a reason to perform a calculation study to analyze and estimate the safety factor of each of the evaluated cases.
SME MineXchange 2021 Proceedings, 2021
The time for thinking on mining operations on or underneath the surface of the Moon is coming clo... more The time for thinking on mining operations on or underneath the surface of the Moon is coming closer that we expect. With the successful results of private launching of orbital space crafts, and the collection of samples from the Moon's surface and from asteroids, the next step will be starting to deploy unmanned vehicles with equipment and supplies to the first lunar settlements just before humans begin to arrive. Mining will be one of the pioneering activities, and it will demand focusing on how to initiate operations, selecting the proper equipment and adjusting the experience from Earth into new working conditions, which include low gravity, high radiation, dust and extreme temperatures in unusual working shifts. Defining the unit operations for these primary works will be instrumental in the success of commissioning the first mining site on the Moon. This presentation will provide a first glance on the required actions to take and the preparation to consider right after landing there.
A major design feature to consider from the initial pioneering works until reaching full mine pro... more A major design feature to consider from the initial pioneering works until reaching full mine production of icy regolith at the South Pole of Moon will be the ramp. This will allow the access of equipment and personnel in and out of the excavation area. Although most of the requirements considered when designing a ramp on the Earth are similar, the fact of working in low gravity, with zero atmosphere, the potential exposure to high radiation, extreme temperature levels and drastic changes of illumination, from intense light to total darkness, are new factors to be included. Transversal sections are obtained according to the progression sequence of the production levels, with changes in length, gradient, friction factor of the terrain and curvature when required by the location characteristics and the specification of the equipment utilized. A MATLAB script was developed to calculate all the variables, in order to obtain 3D generated surfaces from the range of possible profiles.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022
Shallow-buried tunnels are often constructed under strata of gravel or unconsolidated sediments; ... more Shallow-buried tunnels are often constructed under strata of gravel or unconsolidated sediments; one distinguishing property is that the tunnel crown is near to the ground surface, surrounded by a weak mass of rocks mixed with unconsolidated material. So, it is of high importance that improved excavation methods integrated with modern reinforcement technologies are utilized to ensure stability and reliability of the tunnel. In this paper, the Xizicheng Shallow-Buried Tunnel is presented as an example. First, a geological radar experiment is presented, and safety factors are calculated to analyze and assess the stability of the tunnel; second, the construction methods and reinforcement technologies of grade IV and grade V surrounding rocks are proposed, respectively. Based on these steps, a finite element numerical model is built; the displacement of surrounding rock and horizontal stress, vertical stress, and vertical displacement of tunnel support are studied, with the mechanical laws and characteristics of surrounding rock and tunnel supports being analyzed at the same time. During the tunnel excavation period, the displacement and deformation of grade IV and grade V surrounding rocks is measured. The results show that the vault subsidence and clearance convergence are all small, confirming that the skill measures and methods can ensure safety and stability of the shallow tunnel in soft surrounding rock.
Revista Minería, 2020
Mining activity is currently facing a series of challenges, among which the limitation of personn... more Mining activity is currently facing a series of challenges, among which the limitation of personnel due to the sanitary restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has become a forced reference for the rethinking of all exploitation activities and therefore it has affected the production objectives during the lockdown period, and for a considerable time, the work plans may not be properly forecasted. It is in this scenario where the application of existing modern technologies represents an opportunity to reactivate operations and level the mineral production rate required to meet the quotas of the current production period. Social distancing and the use of additional personal protection equipment will mean having fewer personnel at work points in the most critical line of action, this is drilling-blasting-LHD, and therefore it will be necessary to have tele-operated equipment, autonomous vehicles and a new data transmission infrastructure that allows us to interact with our equipment and make them work efficiently and safely. Control rooms will be required for centralized supervision and the incorporation of devices compatible with the "Industrial Internet of Things", a feature that will allow the flow of communications and data transmission required for all equipment to operate in a synchronized manner using or own data network. This will also represent a process of change from management to operators, in which tactical supervision and the use of workers' experience will play a fundamental role for its rapid implementation.
Revista Minería Vol. VII No. 514 July 2020 pp.58-65, 2020
La actividad minera está enfrentando en la actualidad una serie de retos, entre los cuales la lim... more La actividad minera está enfrentando en la actualidad una serie de retos, entre los cuales la limitación de personal debido a las restricciones sanitarias impuestas por la pandemia del COVID-19 se ha convertido en un forzoso referente para el replanteamiento de todas las actividades de explotación y por lo tanto ha afectado los objetivos de producción durante el período de cierre de operaciones, y hasta donde se puede proyectar los planes de trabajo, por un tiempo considerable. Es en este escenario donde la aplicación de las modernas tecnologías existentes representa una oportunidad para reactivar las operaciones y nivelar la tasa de producción de mineral requerida para cumplir con las cuotas del presente período de producción. El distanciamiento social y la utilización de equipos adicionales de protección personal significará contar con menos personal en los puntos de trabajo, y por lo tanto se requerirá contar con equipos tele-operados, vehículos autónomos y una nueva infraestructura de transmisión de datos que nos permita interactuar con nuestros equipos y hacerlos trabajar con eficiencia y seguridad. Se requerirá de salas de control para la supervisión centralizada y la incorporación de dispositivos compatibles con el “Internet Industrial de las Cosas”, una característica que permitirá el flujo de comunicaciones y transmisión de datos requerida para que todos los equipos funcionen en forma sincronizada utilizando nuestra propia red informática. Ello representará también un proceso de cambio desde la gerencia hasta los operadores, en la cual la supervisión táctica y la utilización de la experiencia de los trabajadores cumplirá un papel fundamental para su rápida implementación.
Mining activity is currently facing a series of challenges, among which the limitation of personnel due to the sanitary restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has become a forced reference for the rethinking of all exploitation activities and therefore it has affected the production objectives during the lockdown period, and for a considerable time, the work plans may not be properly forecasted. It is in this scenario where the application of existing modern technologies represents an opportunity to reactivate operations and level the mineral production rate required to meet the quotas of the current production period. Social distancing and the use of additional personal protection equipment will mean having fewer personnel at work points in the most critical line of action, this is drilling-blasting-LHD, and therefore it will be necessary to have tele-operated equipment, autonomous vehicles and a new data transmission infrastructure that allows us to interact with our equipment and make them work efficiently and safely. Control rooms will be required for centralized supervision and the incorporation of devices compatible with the "Industrial Internet of Things", a feature that will allow the flow of communications and data transmission required for all equipment to operate in a synchronized manner using or own data network. This will also represent a process of change from management to operators, in which tactical supervision and the use of workers' experience will play a fundamental role for its rapid implementation.
Tecnología Minera, Nov 2010
A través de las colaboraciones anteriores para esta columna, hemos podido descubrir la importanci... more A través de las colaboraciones anteriores para esta columna, hemos podido descubrir la importancia de conocer las herramientas adecuadas de Tecnología de Información (TI) que sean aplicables en el análisis de datos de operaciones y utilizar los resultados para mejorar la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, contar con personal capacitado en los últimos avances de TI permitirá aprovechar sus habilidades y tenerlos como un recurso especializado en la mina. Desarrollar esta estrategia no es sencillo, dado que no existen hasta el momento instituciones educativas que incorporen en los programas de estudio los cursos de TI aplicada a las operaciones mineras. A lo sumo encontraremos cursos de programación general, utilización de herramientas CAD, y programas específicos para mecánica de rocas o simulación de ventilación, junto con los cursos tradicionales de minería. Algunas aplicaciones especializadas como estimación de costos o la utilización de simuladores de manejo de equipos, vienen siendo introducidas gradualmente en algunas universidades, siendo por el momento consideradas herramientas de entrenamiento y no como parte integral de la formación académica de los estudiantes de Ingeniería de Minas.
Tecnología Minera, Jan 2015
Experiencias del primer grupo de estudiantes peruanos de Ingeniería de Minas seleccionados para i... more Experiencias del primer grupo de estudiantes peruanos de Ingeniería de Minas seleccionados para intercambio con la Universidad de Arizona como parte del Programa “100,000 Strong”
Tecnología Minera, Mar 2015
Experiencias del primer grupo de estudiantes de Ingeniería de Minas de la Universidad de Arizona ... more Experiencias del primer grupo de estudiantes de Ingeniería de Minas de la Universidad de Arizona en intercambio con la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú como parte del Programa “100,000 Strong”
Mining Engineering Magazine, Feb 2016
Productivity in open pit mines depends on the
observation and adjustment of critical phases
of op... more Productivity in open pit mines depends on the
observation and adjustment of critical phases
of operation. As one of the most expensive
activities in open pit production, optimization
of the load-haul-dump cycle becomes a critical
aspect to address. Using simulation techniques
and an ad-hoc methodology for analyzing the
key performance indicators (KPIs) involved in
the production cycle, it is possible to compare
actual performance and ideal operating
conditions and develop an alert system when
operating conditions are subpar with the
expected production standards.
Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection (MPES 2005) and the Fifth International Conference on Computer Applications in the Minerals Industries (CAMI 2005), 2005
In a trackless underground mine, the process of extracting ore and transport the materials to the... more In a trackless underground mine, the process of extracting ore and transport the materials to the next stages of
production involves using high-mobility LHD (load-haul-dump) vehicles. Transportation activities need to be
synchronized with other activities to achieve production goals in an efficient, safe and economical way. What
may seem apparently simple, requires the adjustment of several parameters to take advantage of the available
equipment, optimize equipment schedule and operation without interruptions or unwanted delay times. This
paper presents an application of GPSS/H simulation software for an underground copper/zinc mine, in which
ore production is expressed as run-of-mine grades. The production tonnages for copper ore controlled on a
daily basis, includes scoop breakdowns, which impact in performance, and helps to combine the equipment
in a more efficient way without additional investment. Results of simulation experiments for a 30-day period
proved to be useful in producing a stable value for ore grade.
Keywords: underground; simulation; GPSS/H; efficiency; control; production
Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on the Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry - APCOM 2015, May 2015
The utilization of traditional geostatistic estimation tools for underwater deposits poses the li... more The utilization of traditional geostatistic estimation tools for underwater deposits poses the limitation of disproportionate area dispersion of samples and low grade values. The application of Support Vector Machines (SVM) as a non-linear inference approach makes possible to elaborate an estimation of mineral values with a reliable level of confidence, based on the input parameters. Results have been displayed and compared with Kriging and Inverse Distance Square estimations for comparison purposes. A platinum deposit near Goodnews Bay, South-West of Alaska, is used as a source model for applying the SVM method.
Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on the Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry - APCOM 2015, May 2015
Underwater sampling provides a limited visualization of the distribution of platinum-rich mineral... more Underwater sampling provides a limited visualization of the distribution of platinum-rich minerals in marine placer deposits. By using clusters for partitioning sectors of the deposit, by grouping them by a common property, such as distance or other more elaborated algorithms, such as K-Means of Fuzzy Means clustering, it is possible to develop a methodology which provides adequate subdivisions of the deposit into more rational sub-sets. The application of Conditional Simulation for developing a spatial model that highlights the most relevant features of the deposit, assigns a more rational degree of confidence of the selected sets for resource estimation.
Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on the Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry - APCOM 2015, May 2015
Ore grade estimation is one of the most challenging stages when mining off-shore deposits. Due to... more Ore grade estimation is one of the most challenging stages when mining off-shore deposits. Due to the unique nature of the formation of marine placer deposits, traditional geostatistical methods are limited in providing sound estimation results. A platinum deposit near Goodnews Bay, South-West of Alaska, was estimated utilizing a stochastic-based technique known as Sequential Gaussian Simulation, in order to represent values of variables that follow a normal distribution. Grades of samples were treated as continuous variables Data was previously transformed using a normal score transform. Results are presented and compared with a traditional estimation technique, the Inverse Distance Squared method. The area was divided in three clusters, based on the K-means method and geographical features. Also, Genetic Algorithm was used for appropriate data division. Both estimations produced similar results for various cut-off grades, being the highest tonnages of platinum between 200 and 400 mg/m3.
Mining Engineering Magazine, Nov 2011
The implementation of autonomous technologies for production in surface mines
demands changes in... more The implementation of autonomous technologies for production in surface mines
demands changes in the existing monitoring and control systems. The present study deals
with the concepts involved in the development of a decision support system (DSS) for the
supervision of a combined fleet of manned and unmanned equipment operating in a surface
mine. The project was carried out as part of an autonomous mining program that lasted from
early 2006 until the end of 2008. The objective of the DSS was to achieve short-term planning
goals while maintaining safe working conditions. Supervisory tasks become more complex
when several autonomous vehicles operate simultaneously alongside manned equipment.
The operation center where the DSS was installed allowed autonomous vehicle operations to
be controlled while tracking technology reliability. Experiments performed on control display
interfaces and interaction provided design parameters for more complex supervisory systems
for autonomous mines.
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Videos by Victor O . Tenorio
Papers by Victor O . Tenorio
Mining activity is currently facing a series of challenges, among which the limitation of personnel due to the sanitary restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has become a forced reference for the rethinking of all exploitation activities and therefore it has affected the production objectives during the lockdown period, and for a considerable time, the work plans may not be properly forecasted. It is in this scenario where the application of existing modern technologies represents an opportunity to reactivate operations and level the mineral production rate required to meet the quotas of the current production period. Social distancing and the use of additional personal protection equipment will mean having fewer personnel at work points in the most critical line of action, this is drilling-blasting-LHD, and therefore it will be necessary to have tele-operated equipment, autonomous vehicles and a new data transmission infrastructure that allows us to interact with our equipment and make them work efficiently and safely. Control rooms will be required for centralized supervision and the incorporation of devices compatible with the "Industrial Internet of Things", a feature that will allow the flow of communications and data transmission required for all equipment to operate in a synchronized manner using or own data network. This will also represent a process of change from management to operators, in which tactical supervision and the use of workers' experience will play a fundamental role for its rapid implementation.
observation and adjustment of critical phases
of operation. As one of the most expensive
activities in open pit production, optimization
of the load-haul-dump cycle becomes a critical
aspect to address. Using simulation techniques
and an ad-hoc methodology for analyzing the
key performance indicators (KPIs) involved in
the production cycle, it is possible to compare
actual performance and ideal operating
conditions and develop an alert system when
operating conditions are subpar with the
expected production standards.
production involves using high-mobility LHD (load-haul-dump) vehicles. Transportation activities need to be
synchronized with other activities to achieve production goals in an efficient, safe and economical way. What
may seem apparently simple, requires the adjustment of several parameters to take advantage of the available
equipment, optimize equipment schedule and operation without interruptions or unwanted delay times. This
paper presents an application of GPSS/H simulation software for an underground copper/zinc mine, in which
ore production is expressed as run-of-mine grades. The production tonnages for copper ore controlled on a
daily basis, includes scoop breakdowns, which impact in performance, and helps to combine the equipment
in a more efficient way without additional investment. Results of simulation experiments for a 30-day period
proved to be useful in producing a stable value for ore grade.
Keywords: underground; simulation; GPSS/H; efficiency; control; production
demands changes in the existing monitoring and control systems. The present study deals
with the concepts involved in the development of a decision support system (DSS) for the
supervision of a combined fleet of manned and unmanned equipment operating in a surface
mine. The project was carried out as part of an autonomous mining program that lasted from
early 2006 until the end of 2008. The objective of the DSS was to achieve short-term planning
goals while maintaining safe working conditions. Supervisory tasks become more complex
when several autonomous vehicles operate simultaneously alongside manned equipment.
The operation center where the DSS was installed allowed autonomous vehicle operations to
be controlled while tracking technology reliability. Experiments performed on control display
interfaces and interaction provided design parameters for more complex supervisory systems
for autonomous mines.