Papers by Julie Hanlon
EMAP Flying Fish – LA37767 Unit 33, 2001
Jain Monks, Merchants, and Kings in Early Historic South India
Jain Monks, Merchants, and Kings in Early Historic South India Hanlon, Julie Alyssa. The Universi... more Jain Monks, Merchants, and Kings in Early Historic South India Hanlon, Julie Alyssa. The University of Chicago, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2018. 10977387. or available upon request.
EMAP Flying Fish – LA37767 Unit 110_32, 2001
Cultures in Conflict: The Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey
Carving a Space for Jainism: Jain Rock-Cut Caves in Early Historic to Medieval Tamil Nadu, South India
The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 2017
8. The Gilund Antiquities
Excavations at Gilund, 2014
8. The Gilund Antiquities
Excavations at Gilund, 2014
Jaina Studies: Newsletter of the Centre of Jaina Studies, 2020
In my doctoral dissertation, "Jain Monks, Merchants, and Kings in Early Historic South India" (Un... more In my doctoral dissertation, "Jain Monks, Merchants, and Kings in Early Historic South India" (University of Chicago, 2018), I utilized a multi-perspectival approach in which archaeological, epigraphic, and literary evidence were critically assessed and brought into dialogue in order to reconstruct the early history of Jainism in Tamil Nadu. Previous research on the history of Jainism in Tamil Nadu has been predominantly textual, comprised of translation, description, and analysis of literature and inscriptions. While more recent research has sought to engage the literary and epigraphic data in new ways and problematize earlier historical narratives, the work of scholars such as R. Champakalakshmi, G. Jawaharlal, and A. Ekambaranathan has contributed additional archaeological perspectives and analysis of Jain sites. My project builds upon this foundation of research, while also exploring new forms of analysis, such as geospatial and statistical analysis of Jain inscriptions and sites, and contributes new archaeological and spatial data about early Jain monastic communities in Tamil Nadu generated via archaeological survey. In this article, I will primarily highlight my interdisciplinary analysis of the epigraphic data, i.e. my geospatial and statistical analysis of the corpus of Jain inscriptions and in-situ analysis of the Jain Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions.
Maṇaṟkēṇi, 2019
(Integrating the Sources: Jain monastic communities in ancient Tamil history)
DAK, The Newsletter of the American Institute of Indian Studies, 2017
In the summer of 2016 I traveled to Tamil Nadu in southern India on an AIIS Junior Research Fello... more In the summer of 2016 I traveled to Tamil Nadu in southern India on an AIIS Junior Research Fellowship to conduct 10 weeks of intensive archaeological survey of a series of Jain hill sites in Madurai district.This paper presents some of the preliminary results.
Sramana, 2013
Around the 6th century BCE a community of Jains practicing the religious doctrine propounded by t... more Around the 6th century BCE a community of Jains practicing the religious doctrine propounded by the 24th tīrthaṅkara, Mahāvīra, developed in the Ganga Valley in north India. Although there were certainly multiple migrations of Jains from north to south India, the earliest migration is estimated to have taken place during the 4th to 3rd centuries BCE. Conceptualizations of this ancient migration are intimately tied to the legendary figure of Bhadrabāhu, a Jain ācārya. The first part of this paper attempts to clarify the historical and literary character of Bhadrabāhu and his role in the migrations to south India. The second half of this paper critically explores the various hypothesized routes for the earliest migrations of Jains from north to south India, taking into account archaeological and epigraphic evidence. Of the possible routes to south India, it seems most probable that the earliest migrations took place along the Eastern Ghats through Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu. This paper then explores some of the archaeological and epigraphic evidence in support of this route.
The Indian Economic and Social History Review, 2017
Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade: Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean... more Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade: Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Exchange Relations, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2016, 330 pp.
DOI: 10.1177/0019464617697587
In this thought-provoking analysis of ‘Indo-Roman trade’, Rajan Gurukkal reveals the anachronistic implications of this expression and its effects on our historical understanding of modes of exchange in the Indian subcontinent, particularly southern India, during the Early Historic Period (c. second century BCE–third century CE).
Excavations at Gilund: The Artifacts and Other Studies, 2014
This chapter presents descriptions and photographs of the extensive cultural assemblage recovered... more This chapter presents descriptions and photographs of the extensive cultural assemblage recovered at Gilund during
the 1999 to 2005 excavations.
The 1999 to 2005 excavations at the Chalcolithic site of Gilund in northeast Rajasthan unearthed a significant assemblage of antiquities representing a long range of occupation and material production at the site. The Gilund cultural assemblage recovered is comprised of objects of terracotta, clay, reused pottery, stone (predominantly quartzite) and semiprecious stone, metal, shell, bone, and steatite. Terracotta and clay objects constitute the bulk of the assemblage and include figurines; personal ornaments, such as bangles and ear studs; containers of various sorts; and evidence of metallurgy and pottery technology, such as copper molds and dabbers. Antiquities of reused pottery consist of game pieces, ground discs (hopscotches), perforated discs, as well as graffiti on pottery and potter’s marks. Stone objects include beads of carnelian and other semiprecious stone, bead polishers, stone spheres (slingballs), vessel fragments, a variety of grinding stones, as well as a vast array of lithics (see Raczek, this volume). Metal objects found at Gilund include bangles, bells, chisels, coins, agricultural implements, points, nails, and rings. Shell-working is represented by bangle fragments, beads, inlay pieces, and worked shells. A number of chipped and polished bones were also uncovered. Overall, the artifacts range in antiquity from Prehistoric lithics and pottery to Medieval coins.
British Archaeological Reports, 2010
Identity, Culture and Continuity: Disquisitions in Honor of Prof. Vasant Shinde
This chapter explores the role of terracotta cattle figurines within the Ahar Culture of Chalcoli... more This chapter explores the role of terracotta cattle figurines within the Ahar Culture of Chalcolithic Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. It proceeds chronologically and spatially, beginning at Balathal in Rajasthan c. 3700 BC and concluding at Kayatha in Madhya Pradesh c. 1200 BC. Drawing on the corpus of architectural, zooarchaeological, and artifactual evidence at Ahar Culture sites in both Mewar and Malwa, I demonstrate the ways in which cattle feature prominently within the Ahar Culture. Specifically, I highlight the increasing production and variation of cattle figurines, the predominance of cattle in the zooarchaeological record, indications of their use as a source of meat and dairy, and the use of cow dung in domestic and monumental architecture. I argue that cattle figurines were part of a larger socio-religious system of veneration of cattle amongst the Ahar agro-pastoral people. These figurines are often found deposited in domestic contexts, and many of the figurines at Gilund show signs of purposeful breakage. Stylized figurines, where the shape of the animal is reduced to a cylindrical stem or pedestal with horns, are particularly found in large numbers at Ahar sites in Madhya Pradesh. I propose that the Ahar sites in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh may have been connected through pastoral migration routes and the increase in the number of figurines at sites in Malwa may reflect ritual practices associated with promoting the health and strength of the herds during the hot summer months.
In P. Shivalkar and E. Prasad (eds.) Pratnamani: Felicitation Volume for Professor Vasant S. Shinde
In Press / Unpublished
Conference Presentations by Julie Hanlon
This paper combines textual and material evidence to reconstruct an historical narrative for the ... more This paper combines textual and material evidence to reconstruct an historical narrative for the rise of Jainism in Tamil Nadu, South India, c. 3rd century BCE to 6th century CE. The dominant narratives of Tamil history portray Jains negatively, and primarily highlight their alleged defeat and disappearance in the medieval period. Considerably less scholarship has addressed the early Jain communities in Tamil Nadu. How did Jains, who migrated to south India from north India in the early centuries BCE, integrate into Tamil society? How did Jainism spread amongst the populace, such that by the early medieval period, Jains were portrayed as the primary adversaries of the Hindu bhaktas? This paper explores the ways in which Jain authors utilized Tamil literary genres for the propagation of Jain dharma, and supports this analysis by drawing on contemporary epigraphic and material evidence of Jain monastic communities located in the hills around Madurai.
The period between 300 and 600 CE in Tamil Nadu is often referred to as the “Kalabhra Interregnum... more The period between 300 and 600 CE in Tamil Nadu is often referred to as the “Kalabhra Interregnum,” and is characterized as a dark period in Tamil history during which invaders called Kalabhras ruled the land. It is significant that this is also regarded as a period in which Jainism thrived, based on literary evidence. According to the standard historical narrative, this era was succeeded by the spread of Saiva and Vaisnava devotionalism (bhakti) and vigorous persecution of Jains. This paper traces the early history of Jainism in Tamil Nadu, beginning in the Early Historic period (300 BCE – 300 CE), and examines archaeological and epigraphic evidence linking Jain monastic communities with trade, merchants, and political elites. It suggests that the tension between the Brahmanas and the Jains in Tamil Nadu, which reached its zenith in the subsequent periods, did not originate from any ideological perversion of Tamil culture orchestrated by the Jains or by their supposed patrons, the Kalabhras, but rather in a competition for political influence, money, and power.
This paper approaches the concept of kingship as a political regime embodied through social perfo... more This paper approaches the concept of kingship as a political regime embodied through social performance and materialized in objects and landscapes. It begins with an examination of the character and attributes of kingship described in the poetic anthology of the Puṟanāṉūṟu. This exercise treats these bardic poems as emblematic of a particular ideology of kingship and authority present in South India during the Iron Age and Early Historic Period (roughly 900 BCE - 600 CE). While the Puṟanāṉūṟu presents the reader with depictions of particular individuals, their qualities and deeds, the archaeological record and ancient landscape presents us with a broader representation of particular material practices. Both the composition of poetry and the material mediations of objects and landscapes are political acts indexical of their socio-cultural context. The second part of this paper engages in an anthropological spatial analysis of archaeological remains and monuments in Tamil Nadu, examining the ancient landscape as a constructed entity, inscribed with social meaning and political authority. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the past and explores the complex relationship between text and artifact.
Theses by Julie Hanlon
University of Chicago, PhD Dissertation, 2018
Jain Monks, Merchants, and Kings in Early Historic South India
Hanlon, Julie Alyssa. The Universi... more Jain Monks, Merchants, and Kings in Early Historic South India
Hanlon, Julie Alyssa. The University of Chicago, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2018. 10977387.
or available upon request.
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Papers by Julie Hanlon
DOI: 10.1177/0019464617697587
In this thought-provoking analysis of ‘Indo-Roman trade’, Rajan Gurukkal reveals the anachronistic implications of this expression and its effects on our historical understanding of modes of exchange in the Indian subcontinent, particularly southern India, during the Early Historic Period (c. second century BCE–third century CE).
the 1999 to 2005 excavations.
The 1999 to 2005 excavations at the Chalcolithic site of Gilund in northeast Rajasthan unearthed a significant assemblage of antiquities representing a long range of occupation and material production at the site. The Gilund cultural assemblage recovered is comprised of objects of terracotta, clay, reused pottery, stone (predominantly quartzite) and semiprecious stone, metal, shell, bone, and steatite. Terracotta and clay objects constitute the bulk of the assemblage and include figurines; personal ornaments, such as bangles and ear studs; containers of various sorts; and evidence of metallurgy and pottery technology, such as copper molds and dabbers. Antiquities of reused pottery consist of game pieces, ground discs (hopscotches), perforated discs, as well as graffiti on pottery and potter’s marks. Stone objects include beads of carnelian and other semiprecious stone, bead polishers, stone spheres (slingballs), vessel fragments, a variety of grinding stones, as well as a vast array of lithics (see Raczek, this volume). Metal objects found at Gilund include bangles, bells, chisels, coins, agricultural implements, points, nails, and rings. Shell-working is represented by bangle fragments, beads, inlay pieces, and worked shells. A number of chipped and polished bones were also uncovered. Overall, the artifacts range in antiquity from Prehistoric lithics and pottery to Medieval coins.
In P. Shivalkar and E. Prasad (eds.) Pratnamani: Felicitation Volume for Professor Vasant S. Shinde
In Press / Unpublished
Conference Presentations by Julie Hanlon
Theses by Julie Hanlon
Hanlon, Julie Alyssa. The University of Chicago, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2018. 10977387.
or available upon request.