Traditional convergence empirics overlook the role of knowledge as a contributor to economic conv... more Traditional convergence empirics overlook the role of knowledge as a contributor to economic convergence. This paper incorporates knowledge as a factor contributing towards economic convergence in Asian countries. In addition to knowledge, capital formation, interaction effects of tertiary education with ICT and knowledge and finally electricity consumption are also used in the said regression. Instrumental Variables estimation is used to test convergence hypothesis for sample Asian countries for data of time period 2001-2010. Empirical results are in favor of knowledgeaugmented convergence, inferring that knowledge participates in convergence process across sample Asian countries. Factors like capital accumulation and interaction effects of ICT and knowledge with human capital and electricity consumption show their positive role in contributing to income per capita. Recommendations are made to improve the tertiary education sector and to promote economically productive research for advancing towards economic convergence in Asian region in particular and for UDCs in general.
Biogas is an alternate energy source; the main objective of this study is to analyze the prospect... more Biogas is an alternate energy source; the main objective of this study is to analyze the prospects of biogas adoption in rural Pakistan by considering the constraints and opportunities. This study is restricted to district Faisalabad Punjab, Pakistan. Total data consisted of 100 respondents out of them 47 were biogas adopter and the remaining were non adopter of biogas. The list of adopters of biogas was taken from a regional institute and data were collected from the Faisalabad district by using the random sampling technique. The binary logit model is applied to get the appropriate results. It was found that there were positive association between the adoption and the number of livestock, age and land. This research study helps us to make policy options and to understand the factors behind the adoption of biogas technology. JEL: -O13, O14
This study investigates to assess the validity of household food security through its association... more This study investigates to assess the validity of household food security through its association between anemia and food insecurity by using a data set of Demographic Household Survey (DHS) 2011 in Nepal. About 32.3% households were not anemic, 19.9 % moderate, 12.1 % mild while 2.8 % households resulted as severe anemic based on the organized indexed appraisal of food security. Moreover, based on the Chi-square (5.06) value it is demonstrated that food security and anemia has no strong association. The result of the multinomial logit model reveals that woman education, media awareness, households from middle and rich class has significant while food poverty has insignificant impact of anemia. It is concluded that food security may not be a sufficient on its own to impact anemia.
The present study revealed the impact of trade liberalization and corruption on environmental deg... more The present study revealed the impact of trade liberalization and corruption on environmental degradation. Yearly data were used from 1980 to 2011 for estimation. Air and water pollution were used as the environmental indicators. First model confirmed the evidence of the EKC. Trade liberalization and corruption index were used as the explanatory variables. Income per capita, square of income per capita, industrial value added, secondary school enrollment, law and order index and fertilizer use were used as control variables. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to check the stationarity level of each variable included in the model. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was applied to find empirical results. Some policies were suggested on the base of empirical findings.
This paper explores that there is gender segregation in the Pakistan labor force market. To calcu... more This paper explores that there is gender segregation in the Pakistan labor force market. To calculate this segregation data from Pakistan labor force survey 2009-10 has been used and Duncan index technique was used to calculate the segregation index. Researcher considered nine major professions to check the segregation index. After finding the segregation indices this paper finds the determinants of this segregation. This paper examines the impact of age, gender, training, province and education on segregation index. It was found that in the profession of the manager there was higher segregation comparatively. It was also observed that an increase in the educational segregation decreases. It is suggested that education should be improved so that the segregation may be reduced.
This study was related to the socio -economic factors which affected the parent's decision toward... more This study was related to the socio -economic factors which affected the parent's decision towards the school choice for their children. The secondary data from Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES was used. This study explored the economic determinants of school choice at primary level in Punjab province. Two types of schools public and private school were investigated in this study. The binary logistic regression model was applied to estimate the probability of selecting school choice. The study revealed that quality of education generated sufficient incentives for parents to invest in better education of their children. The parents responded that higher enrolment in private school was due to better quality of education. Lower cost of schooling was the dominant factor to increase the enrolment in public schools. This study also revealed that parent's education, and income was positively and strongly influenced the private school enrolment. In urban areas, parents enrolled their children in private school. The age of the child, distance from school, family size and cost of schooling were negatively related to private school enrolment.
The paper examined the economics of sugarcane production and its competitiveness in the up-and-co... more The paper examined the economics of sugarcane production and its competitiveness in the up-and-coming open trade economy. The study also analyzed the extent of policy bend and agricultural safeguard. The data on cost of production series of sugar cane crop were collected from the Agricultural Prices Commission (APCom). Punjab and Sindh, the two major sugarcane producing provinces were the focus of the study The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was selected as analytical framework. The crop budgets were constructed both in financial and economic prices. The time series data from 1990-2002 on world prices of sugar cane and fertilizers (DAP and Potash) were utilized to estimate the risk prices. These risk prices were later on utilized to estimate the economic risk prices. The Nominal Protection Coefficient for inputs (NPI) and output (NPC) and the Effective Protection Coefficient (EPC) was used to estimate the policy distortions. The Domestic resource Cost ratio (DRC) was applied to show comparative advantage. Sugarcane is an important cash crop and provide raw material to nearly 78 Sugar factories. The excess supply and demand of sugar was cyclical in nature. Therefore, analysis was performed keeping in view both import and export parity prices. The analysis lead us to conclude that Pakistan (Punjab and Sindh) has no comparative advantage in producing sugar at export parity prices (price risk scenario), however, crop can be grown as an import substitution crop to cater the needs of sugar industry.
The objective of the present study is to examine the role of local financial markets in describin... more The objective of the present study is to examine the role of local financial markets in describing the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Pakistan. For this purpose, the study uses annual data for the period 1973-2011. Empirical analysis is based on Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique and Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis. Empirical results suggest that FDI can play a contributing role in promoting economic growth in Pakistan. However, the full benefit of FDI is reaped only if local financial markets achieve a certain minimum level of development both in the long-run and short-run. Developed financial markets allow efficient allocation of resources and enhance the absorptive capacity of a country to FDI inflows.
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