Conference Presentations ( ORAL ) by Guillaume Alinier
Papers by Guillaume Alinier
A Testbed Implementation of a Biometric Identity-Based Encryption for IoMT-enabled Healthcare System
The 5th International Conference on Future Networks & Distributed Systems, Dec 15, 2021
Historically, health data was stored locally on the hospital’s server as patient health records, ... more Historically, health data was stored locally on the hospital’s server as patient health records, and we had to rely on the planned check-up during doctor’s visits. Now, we can monitor health continuously and in real-time. Remote healthcare monitoring can also be helpful in setting up alerts, allowing early intervention and treatment. In this way, the patient gets timely treatment, avoids doctor visits or hospitalization hassles, and reduces healthcare expenses. Additionally, in an ambulance, real-time patient data can be sent to the physician via wireless communication which can save the life of a critical patient. The critical problem that arises in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is how securely the health vitals can be transmitted to the physician. There are numerous ways to transmit data securely to the physician, however Identity-based cryptography is the most popular these days to provide solutions for secure transmission. Identity-based cryptography is the public key cryptography in which an arbitrary string representing an individual is used as a public key. Biometric information based public key generation by identity based encryption is a potential candidate for providing a solution to such a problem. In this work, we propose using facial biometric information of the clinicians to create a public key for encrypting health vitals of a patient.
Sensors, Oct 28, 2022
Smart health presents an ever-expanding attack surface due to the continuous adoption of a broad ... more Smart health presents an ever-expanding attack surface due to the continuous adoption of a broad variety of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices and applications. IoMT is a common approach to smart city solutions that deliver long-term benefits to critical infrastructures, such as smart healthcare. Many of the IoMT devices in smart cities use Bluetooth technology for short-range communication due to its flexibility, low resource consumption, and flexibility. As smart healthcare applications rely on distributed control optimization, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) offer effective approaches to mitigate cyber-attacks. This paper presents a decentralized, predictive, DL-based process to autonomously detect and block malicious traffic and provide an end-to-end defense against network attacks in IoMT devices. Furthermore, we provide the BlueTack dataset for Bluetooth-based attacks against IoMT networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first intrusion detection dataset for Bluetooth classic and Bluetooth low energy (BLE). Using the BlueTack dataset, we devised a multi-layer intrusion detection method that uses deep-learning techniques. We propose a decentralized architecture for deploying this intrusion detection system on the edge nodes of a smart healthcare system that may be deployed in a smart city. The presented multi-layer intrusion detection models achieve performances in the range of 97-99.5% based on the F1 scores.
Sensors, Oct 28, 2022
Smart health presents an ever-expanding attack surface due to the continuous adoption of a broad ... more Smart health presents an ever-expanding attack surface due to the continuous adoption of a broad variety of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices and applications. IoMT is a common approach to smart city solutions that deliver long-term benefits to critical infrastructures, such as smart healthcare. Many of the IoMT devices in smart cities use Bluetooth technology for short-range communication due to its flexibility, low resource consumption, and flexibility. As smart healthcare applications rely on distributed control optimization, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) offer effective approaches to mitigate cyber-attacks. This paper presents a decentralized, predictive, DL-based process to autonomously detect and block malicious traffic and provide an end-to-end defense against network attacks in IoMT devices. Furthermore, we provide the BlueTack dataset for Bluetooth-based attacks against IoMT networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first intrusion detection dataset for Bluetooth classic and Bluetooth low energy (BLE). Using the BlueTack dataset, we devised a multi-layer intrusion detection method that uses deep-learning techniques. We propose a decentralized architecture for deploying this intrusion detection system on the edge nodes of a smart healthcare system that may be deployed in a smart city. The presented multi-layer intrusion detection models achieve performances in the range of 97-99.5% based on the F1 scores.
A Testbed Implementation of a Biometric Identity-Based Encryption for IoMT-enabled Healthcare System
The 5th International Conference on Future Networks & Distributed Systems, Dec 15, 2021
Historically, health data was stored locally on the hospital’s server as patient health records, ... more Historically, health data was stored locally on the hospital’s server as patient health records, and we had to rely on the planned check-up during doctor’s visits. Now, we can monitor health continuously and in real-time. Remote healthcare monitoring can also be helpful in setting up alerts, allowing early intervention and treatment. In this way, the patient gets timely treatment, avoids doctor visits or hospitalization hassles, and reduces healthcare expenses. Additionally, in an ambulance, real-time patient data can be sent to the physician via wireless communication which can save the life of a critical patient. The critical problem that arises in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is how securely the health vitals can be transmitted to the physician. There are numerous ways to transmit data securely to the physician, however Identity-based cryptography is the most popular these days to provide solutions for secure transmission. Identity-based cryptography is the public key cryptography in which an arbitrary string representing an individual is used as a public key. Biometric information based public key generation by identity based encryption is a potential candidate for providing a solution to such a problem. In this work, we propose using facial biometric information of the clinicians to create a public key for encrypting health vitals of a patient.
IEEE Access, Oct 23, 2018
Remote health monitoring is becoming indispensable, though, Internet of Things (IoTs)-based solut... more Remote health monitoring is becoming indispensable, though, Internet of Things (IoTs)-based solutions have many implementation challenges, including energy consumption at the sensing node, and delay and instability due to cloud computing. Compressive sensing (CS) has been explored as a method to extend the battery lifetime of medical wearable devices. However, it is usually associated with computational complexity at the decoding end, increasing the latency of the system. Meanwhile, mobile processors are becoming computationally stronger and more efficient. Heterogeneous multicore platforms (HMPs) offer a local processing solution that can alleviate the limitations of remote signal processing. This paper demonstrates the real-time performance of compressed ECG reconstruction on ARM's big.LITTLE HMP and the advantages they provide as the primary processing unit of the IoT architecture. It also investigates the efficacy of CS in minimizing power consumption of a wearable device under real-time and hardware constraints. Results show that both the orthogonal matching pursuit and subspace pursuit reconstruction algorithms can be executed on the platform in real time and yield optimum performance on a single A15 core at minimum frequency. The CS extends the battery life of wearable medical devices up to 15.4% considering ECGs suitable for wellness applications and up to 6.6% for clinical grade ECGs. Energy consumption at the gateway is largely due to an active internet connection; hence, processing the signals locally both mitigates system's latency and improves gateway's battery life. Many remote health solutions can benefit from an architecture centered around the use of HMPs, a step toward better remote health monitoring systems. INDEX TERMS Connected health, compressed sensing, energy efficiency, heterogeneous multicore platforms, internet of things, mobile real-time health monitoring, multicore processing, remote monitoring, wearable sensors.
IEEE Access, 2018
Remote health monitoring is becoming indispensable, though, Internet of Things (IoTs)-based solut... more Remote health monitoring is becoming indispensable, though, Internet of Things (IoTs)-based solutions have many implementation challenges, including energy consumption at the sensing node, and delay and instability due to cloud computing. Compressive sensing (CS) has been explored as a method to extend the battery lifetime of medical wearable devices. However, it is usually associated with computational complexity at the decoding end, increasing the latency of the system. Meanwhile, mobile processors are becoming computationally stronger and more efficient. Heterogeneous multicore platforms (HMPs) offer a local processing solution that can alleviate the limitations of remote signal processing. This paper demonstrates the real-time performance of compressed ECG reconstruction on ARM’s big.LITTLE HMP and the advantages they provide as the primary processing unit of the IoT architecture. It also investigates the efficacy of CS in minimizing power consumption of a wearable device under ...
An Efficient Compressive Sensing Method for Connected Health Applications
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Nov 8, 2018
The sensitive domain of healthcare intensifies the shortcomings associated with internet of thing... more The sensitive domain of healthcare intensifies the shortcomings associated with internet of things (IoT) based remote health monitoring systems in terms of their high-energy consumption and big data issues such as latency and privacy, caused by, the continuous stream of raw data. Hence, in the development of their remote elderly monitoring system (REMS), the authors focus on using embedded multicore architectures as powerful IoT edge devices and energy efficient signal acquisition and processing techniques to elevate such limitations. This study addresses the design of sparsifying matrices for electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the context of compressed sensing. These signals are known to be non-sparse in both time and standard transform domains. The designed matrices are adapted to the data and are based on the autoregressive modeling of the signal and the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the impulse response matrix of the linear predictive coding (LPC) filter. To facilitate the hardware implementation and to prolong the life of the wearable node, the measurement matrix is chosen to be binary. The proposed algorithm has been applied to the EEGLab dataset ‘eeglab data set’ with an average normalized mean square error of 0.068.
Voices from ten years of the National Teaching Fellowship Scheme
The Higher Education Academy eBooks, 2010
Guillaume Alinier, 'Voices from ten years of the National Teaching Fellowship Scheme', in... more Guillaume Alinier, 'Voices from ten years of the National Teaching Fellowship Scheme', in Recognising Success: Voices from ten years of the National Teaching Fellowship Scheme (York: HEA, 2010), ISBN: 978-1-907207-21-1
International Journal of Emergency Medicine, Oct 10, 2023
Background In pre-hospital emergency care, decisions regarding patient non-conveyance emerged as ... more Background In pre-hospital emergency care, decisions regarding patient non-conveyance emerged as significant determinants of healthcare outcomes and resource utilization. These complex decisions became integral to the progress of emergency medical services, thus warranting an evolving exploration within the medical discourse. This narrative review aimed to synthesize and critically evaluate various theoretical stances on patient non-conveyance in the pre-hospital emergency. The focus on studies published between January 2012 and August 2022 was intentional to capture contemporary practices and insights. PubMed and Google Scholar served as the primary databases for the investigation, while the AL-Rayyan ® software facilitated a thorough screening process. Twenty-nine studies-encompassing articles, books, and theses-were discovered through our search, each presenting unique perspectives on patient non-transport, thus highlighting its criticality as a healthcare concern. Predominant factors influencing non-transport decisions were classified into patient-initiated refusals (PIR), clinician-initiated decisions (CID), and dispatcher-initiated decisions (DID). The issue of patient non-conveyance to hospitals continues to pose a crucial challenge to the seamless operation of emergency healthcare systems, warranting increased attention from various healthcare entities. To comprehend and pinpoint potential areas of improvement, a comprehensive analysis of pre-hospital non-transport events is imperative. A well-informed, strategic approach could prevent resource waste while ensuring patients receive the required and definitive care. Some studies have suggested that non-transport to hospitals following emergency calls is safe. However, it is a concerning issue for health systems. It is also considered a key performance metric for health systems. This review aimed to map the various factors discussed in the literature regarding the decisions not to transport patients following emergency calls in a pre-hospital setting.
la simulation in-situ: l’autre approche de la sécurité du patient ou l’entrainement en immersion (VERSION FRANCAISE)
La simulation en santé gagne en popularité dans le champ de l’éducation médicale. La préoccupatio... more La simulation en santé gagne en popularité dans le champ de l’éducation médicale. La préoccupation des formateurs en simulation est de savoir comment proposer des séances de simulation en santé alors que les centres de simulation ne sont pas encore répandus et que leur coût paraît prohibitif. Or, en formation médicale, les objectifs pédagogiques s’orientent principalement vers l’amélioration de qualité des soins et la sécurité du patient. Par sa mobilité, la simulation in-situ est une simulation réalisée « au pied du malade » (point of care), en dehors des laboratoires de simulation. Elle apparaît donc comme une méthode originale qui permet d’entrainer les soignants, en équipe, dans leurs conditions de travail habituelles, afin de mettre en jeu les facteurs humains et faire évoluer les apprenants dans un contexte proche du réel. Tout en identifiant les forces et les faiblesses d’un système de soin, cet entrainement en immersion permet également de réaliser une simulation de haute fi...
144 Simulation Without the Bells and Whistles of Technology
International Journal of Healthcare Simulation, Dec 23, 2021
Full-scale simulation (FSS) is one of the most effective and commonly used simulation modalities ... more Full-scale simulation (FSS) is one of the most effective and commonly used simulation modalities in healthcare education. It enables the rehearsal of skills in a safe and controlled environment without the risk of harming patients, which provides a strong argument for it being a useful educational approach. With technological developments and the widescale use of simulation technologies in many institutions, simulation has become an essential part of healthcare professional training and curricula. However, setting up a simulation laboratory can be very costly for institutions, as can training facilitators and ensuring equipment maintenance. Simulated patients (actors) are also not universally embraced because of the costs. This makes running an FSS challenging. Furthermore, technology fear, shortage of trained staff, scarcity of space and equipment, workload and applicability to the existing curriculum can be acknowledged as further barriers to the adoption of FSS. We assert that Visually-Enhanced Mental Simulation (VEMS), which includes a patient poster instead of a patient simulator or simulated patient This study aimed to explore nursing students’ evaluation of the VEMS sessions.VEMS is a mental form of simulation which includes basic representations of a patient, equipment and interventions. A laminated patient poster is used to represent the patient and laminated equipment cards are used for equipment. A whiteboard or flipchart are used to write interventions and patient parameters in real-time. Also, the simulation session includes ‘thinking aloud’ (participants verbalize their thinking process and actions). Before the scenario, pre-briefing takes place, and a debriefing follows after the scenario, as in FSS.As part of a wider project, we piloted the use of VEMS with 30 final-year adult nursing students who consented to participate in VEMS sessions. The main study relied on a quasi-experimental design to compare two simulation modalities, FSS and VEMS. The study was approved by the University of Hertfordshire Ethics Committee (protocol number: aHSK/PGR/UH/03692(2)). Final-year adult nursing students studying at the university were targeted for this study. Control (FSS) and experimental (VEMS) groups were exposed to the same scenarios which included two deteriorating postoperative patients. Students were asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the simulation session with the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M) The students found VEMS to be effective for their learning and confidence as they marked it 43.70 (SD: 9.11) out of 57. The pre-briefing part scored 2.41 (SD: 0.61), the learning scored 2.19 (SD: 0.50), the confidence subscale scored 2.25 (SD: 0.57), and the debriefing part scored 2.51 (SD: 0.53), all out of three points.This may suggest that students found the VEMS session a useful learning activity which also contributed to developing their confidence. Based on the pilot study questionnaire data, it could be argued that VEMS can be a valuable simulation approach in nursing education as it does not rely on technology and is easy to facilitate anywhere.
Impact of ethnicity on Paramedic perceived work-related stress and coping strategies adopted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal of emergency medicine, trauma and acute care, Jan 15, 2022
Simulation in the time of COVID 19
BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning, Nov 1, 2020
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), filtering face piece-3 (FFP3), powered air-purifying respira... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), filtering face piece-3 (FFP3), powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), donning, doffing, shielding... A plethora of words and acronyms little known to the simulation community have been added to our lexicon. A year ago the pre-conference editorial referred to the challenges of an ageing population, complex treatments, limited resources, and out-of-hospital care.1 To those we must now add a pandemic which continues to have a colossal impact on society. The world has momentarily been paralysed in order to find strategies to minimise and control the spread of the virus. With the twin aims of minimising loss of life and not overwhelming healthcare systems, the economies of every country have suffered as our way of living, working, travelling, and doing business changed.2 3 While many ‘routine’ simulation sessions have decreased or even ceased, simulation based education (SBE) which is directly relevant to dealing with the particulars of an infectious agent has greatly increased.4 5 In the authors’ own hospitals, simulation was used to prepare healthcare staff for doffing and donning personal protective equipment (PPE), proning ventilated patients, optimising patient pathways and much …
Research Square (Research Square), May 19, 2023
Background Previous studies conducted in North America, Europe, and East Asia (10, 16, 20, 21) re... more Background Previous studies conducted in North America, Europe, and East Asia (10, 16, 20, 21) reported gender disparities in the provision of bystander CPR for patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, it remains unknown whether similar disparities exist in the Middle Eastern and Gulf regions. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate gender differences in the provision of bystander CPR for patients with OHCA in Qatar. Methods Retrospective analysis of data obtained from Hamad Medical Corporation OHCA registry in the State of Qatar (2016-2022). We included adults with non-traumatic and EMS-attended OHCA. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine the association between gender and provision of bystander CPR. Results In total, 4283 patients were included. Of those, 3414 (79.7%) were males, 1639 (38.3%) arrested in public locations, and 1463 (34.2%) received bystander CPR. Unadjusted comparisons showed that females were signi cantly older than males (mean age: 62.2 vs. 52.7). Females had a lower proportion of OHCA occurring in public locations (15.1% vs. 44.2%) and a lower proportion of shockable rhythm (11.9 vs. 27.5%). Regarding the outcome variable (provision of bystander CPR), the unadjusted analysis showed that the proportion of females who received bystander CPR was lower than that of males (29.2% vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001). However, after adjustment, we found no signi cant difference in provision of bystander CPR by gender (adjusted OR female vs. male 0.99, 95% CI 0.84-1.20, p = 0.97). In the subgroup who arrested in public locations, the analysis revealed females had greater odds of receiving bystander CPR (adjusted OR female vs. male 1.47, 95% CI 1.10-1.82, p = 0.04). Conclusions Overall, bystander CPR was less common in female gender, after adjustment for other covariates, including arrest location, we found no signi cant gender differences in provision of bystander CPR. We also observed that females were found to have a lower incidence of cardiac arrest in public locations. Nevertheless, if females were to experience cardiac arrest in a public location, they would be more likely to receive CPR. Further research is required to explain the observed differences in provision of bystander CPR.
Planning a large‐scale tabletop exercise to test Qatar's healthcare system readiness to respond to a major incident during the 2022 FIFA World Cup
Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Jul 6, 2023
Simulation on a Low Budget
Elsevier eBooks, 2019
Abstract This chapter explores where expenses are born and ways of making simulation happen on a ... more Abstract This chapter explores where expenses are born and ways of making simulation happen on a low budget in relation to a broad range of learning objectives by providing an overview of what has been published by fellow simulation educators and innovators. The approaches are varied and sometimes complementary, and are also highly relevant outside of the low-cost simulation-based education (SBE) context. In this chapter, we will consider the concept of fidelity and how it is still relevant to low-cost simulation. We will then explore some alternative and affordable simulation technologies which can offer highly realistic simulation-training opportunities such as virtual reality, screen-based simulation, and moulage. As simulation does not necessarily have to rely on technology or simulated patients, we will also consider mental simulation as an educational approach. The chapter lastly will point out the factors which should be taken into consideration while trying to reduce the cost of SBE and how to design and conduct effective low-cost simulation. Keeping things simple, using existing resources, evaluating current activities to improve them, and networking and collaborating are key principles of making simulation happen despite budget constraints.
The effect of deception in simulation-based education in healthcare: a systematic review and meta-analysis
International Journal of Healthcare Simulation, Apr 16, 2023
Simulation in healthcare education enables learners to practice in a realistic and controlled env... more Simulation in healthcare education enables learners to practice in a realistic and controlled environment without putting real patients at risk. Deception can be incorporated to generate a realistic learning experience. We aim to perform a systematic review of the literature to study the effect of deception in SBE in healthcare. Online database search was performed from conception up to the date of search (December 2023). Qualitative descriptive analysis included all published and unpublished works as for the quantitative analysis, only randomized clinical trials with an objective measurement tool relating to learner’s performance were included. Forward citation tracking using SCOPUS to identify further eligible studies or reports was also applied. Twelve out of 9840 articles met the predefined inclusion criteria. Two randomized controlled trials were identified using deception for the intervention group and ten articles provided current knowledge about the use of deception in simulation-based education in healthcare. The aspects discussed in the latter articles related to the possible forms of deception, its benefits and risks, why and how to use deception appropriately, and the ethics related to deception. Although this meta-analysis shows that using deception in SBE in healthcare by challenging authority negatively affects the trainees’ performance on the mAIS scale, this approach and other forms of deception in SBE, when used appropriately and with good intent, are generally accepted as a valuable approach to challenge learners and increase the level realism of SBE situations. Further randomized trials are needed to examine and confirm the effect of other deceptive methods and the true psychological effect of those interventions on validated scales.
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Conference Presentations ( ORAL ) by Guillaume Alinier
Papers by Guillaume Alinier