Papers by Abba Bashir Muhammad
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2016
Modeling and simulation of a PV-Wind hybrid electric power generation system is presented in this... more Modeling and simulation of a PV-Wind hybrid electric power generation system is presented in this paper. The system generates power from wind and solar energy sources and also supplies power to the Faculty of Engineering Teaching Workshop, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Ten years meteorological data (wind speed and solar irradiation) for Maiduguri was collected from the National Metrological Agency (NIMET) and analyzed using statistical and simulation software (HOMER). Theoretical models for predicting the electrical power generation potential of the hybrid system was developed and the wind and solar energy potentials of the desired site was investigated and analyzed. According to the results obtained through the analysis, the site has abundant solar energy and wind energy potential, about 2-5MWh/m 2 /yr of electrical power can be generated by using the hybrid system under ideal condition. The electric load of the workshop obtained from the energy audit carried out was about 370kWh/day and the scaled peak load is 140kW. The modeling, simulations and design has been carried out using the HOMER software based on the promising findings of these two renewable energy resource potentials. The software generates the simulation results which are lists of feasible power supply systems have been and arranged in ascending order according to their net present cost.
Solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is a renewable energy facility that converts the potential energ... more Solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is a renewable energy facility that converts the potential energy in the Sun into kinetic energy and subsequently into electrical energy. The problem of global warming and electricity generation/distribution in Nigeria cannot be over emphasized; however with the vast land in the semi arid region and the potentials of the above technology, high prospects exist for solar chimney as it is a decentralized form of power generation. The aim of this paper was to theoretically evaluate the performance of the solar chimney power plant in semi-arid region of Nigeria, and estimate the amount of electrical energy that can possibly be generated. A mathematical model was used to estimate the amount of power generated, and determine the relationship between various meteorological and physical factors to the power produced. A solar chimney power plant with collector diameter of 700 m and chimney height of 700 m can produce up to 3000 MW of electricity.
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2016
The monthly daily average solar energy parameters measured in Maiduguri (11.85°N, 13.08°E,altitu... more The monthly daily average solar energy parameters measured in Maiduguri (11.85°N, 13.08°E,altitude 354m) for a period of thirteen years (1996 – 2010) were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Maiduguri, Borne State. These data which include Gunn-Bellani solar radiation, sunshine hour duration, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, maximum and minimum temperatures were analyzed using both single-variable and multi-variable regression techniques of the Angstrom type to generate several regression equations (models). The Models were used to estimate the total solar radiation reaching a horizontal surface in Maiduguri. Comparing the estimated model results and the experimental data showed good agreements. Furthermore, statistical methods of Mean Deviation, Average Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance and coefficient of correlation (R 2 ) were used to test the performances of these models. Based on the value R 2 and that of standard deviation, the equation that outper...
Feasibility Study of Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System for Maiduguri Area of Nigeria
This paper shows the feasibility analysis of solar-wind hybrid power generation system and its po... more This paper shows the feasibility analysis of solar-wind hybrid power generation system and its potentials in the city: Maiduguri of Nigeria. The study mainly focuses on finding the wind and solar energy potentials of the study area by evaluating and quantifying the energy generated by the hybrid power system. An average wind speed of 6.72m/s at 30 m height and solar irradiance flux of 6.176kW/m 2 were used at the site, which shows that the potential of using wind-solar hybrid power system to generated power in Maiduguri location is feasible. The analytical data show that the annual energy output from the hybrid system increases in the range of 2-5MWh/m 2 yr, this indicates that the use of hybrid power could be a reliable source of power generation. 1.0 Introduction The importance of energy and needs for human and economic development are globally increasing. Human beings rely on the conventional sources of energy for their daily needs but the depleting and hazardous nature of this energy prompt the world's towards development utilization of renewable energy sources: solar, wind, biogas, tides, geothermal and water. Solar energy and wind energy were shown to be clean, available and inexhaustible which are also eco-friendly, these characteristics have made them more attractive and the energy sector is focusing on how to use these sources on a larger scale. However, all renewable energy sources have some drawbacks that depend on unpredictable factors such as weather and climatic conditions, but this weakness can be overcome by the complementary nature of both the wind and solar energy sources and this brings us to the development of hybrid solar-wind power plant concept (Dalwadi et al., 2012). The search for a more reliable and less costly renewable energy system has brought about the hybrid use of two energy sources: solar and wind energy. A hybrid energy system generates power without harming the environment. Sambo (2005) states that if solar energy appliances with just 5% efficiency are used to cover only 1% of the country's surface area, then 2.54 x 10 6 MWh of electrical energy can be obtained from solar energy. The solar energy potentials of Maiduguri are characterized by the high intensity of solar radiation of 6.176kW/m 2 /day and the average sunshine hours of about 9 hours (Ngala et al., 2013). The wind energy potential of Maiduguri is also characterized by the availability of flat land and an average wind speed of 4.7 m/s (Felix et al., 2012). Despite the abundance of these energy resources, there is persistent electricity supply deficit, which may be attributed to the under utilization of these potentials (Idris et al., 2012). The objective of this paper is to assess the feasibility of hybridizing Solar and Wind energy sources for power supply to meet the load requirements in Maiduguri.
NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2020
This work presents evaluation of the energy end exergy efficiency of box-type solar cooker with K... more This work presents evaluation of the energy end exergy efficiency of box-type solar cooker with Kapook Insulator (SCK). Thermodynamic considerations required to developed rational and meaningful methodologies for the evaluation and comparison of the efficiency of the SCK was studied. It was found that the average daily water temperature from 10:00 to 12:00 solar time was 85.02 in the SCK. The average daily temperature difference in the SCK was 43.9 0 C. The energy output of the SC K ranged from 0.87 to 40.38W, for the time interval with an average energy output of 23.81Wfor SCK. The exergy output for the SCK ranged from 0.49 to 16.21 W, for the time interval with an average exergy output of 8.52W for SCK. A linear and polynomial regression of the plotted points was used to find the relationships between energy/exergy outputs, and efficiencies and temperature difference. The energy and exergy output at a temperature difference of 50 o C for the SCK was estimated to be 15.25W and 8.8Wduring the experimental period.
NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2020
Pressure surge analysis of petroleum pipeline transporting automotive gas oil (AGO) also known as... more Pressure surge analysis of petroleum pipeline transporting automotive gas oil (AGO) also known as Diesel oil was carried out in this research work. Pressure transient analysis is often more significant than the steady state analysis that engineers usually use in pipeline design. Pressure transient analysis helps to understand the additional pressures the pipeline can be subjected to as a result of instantaneous rapid valve closures or pump failure. The fluid pressure and flow rate in the pipeline system may change significantly at some intervals of time due to the valve closure and such types of unsteady situations are encountered more often in pipelines where the valves are suddenly closed. In this paper, pressure surge due to instantaneous valve closure in a petroleum pipeline conveying AGO was studied in a virtual environment. WANDA Transient 4.5.1210 commercial software was used for the analysis of the pressure surge in the pipeline due to instantaneous valve closure time of 4.75s. It was observed in the study that pressure at some nodes rise significantly up to about 1400 kPa against the initial inlet pressure of 120 kPa due to the instantaneous valve closure and it drastically drops at some nodes to negative pressure of about-100 kPa and hence the formation of cavitations. The analysis showed that the magnitude of the pressure surge decreases as the valve closure is increased.
Modeling and simulation of a PV-Wind hybrid electric power generation system is presented in this... more Modeling and simulation of a PV-Wind hybrid electric power generation system is presented in this paper. The system generates power from wind and solar energy sources and also supplies power to the Faculty of Engineering Teaching Workshop, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Ten years meteorological data (wind speed and solar irradiation) for Maiduguri was collected from the National Metrological Agency (NIMET) and analyzed using statistical and simulation software (HOMER). Theoretical models for predicting the electrical power generation potential of the hybrid system was developed and the wind and solar energy potentials of the desired site was investigated and analyzed. According to the results obtained through the analysis, the site has abundant solar energy and wind energy potential, about 2-5MWh/m 2 /yr of electrical power can be generated by using the hybrid system under ideal condition. The electric load of the workshop obtained from the energy audit carried out was about 370k...
NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2020
This work presents evaluation of the energy end exergy efficiency of box-type solar cooker with K... more This work presents evaluation of the energy end exergy efficiency of box-type solar cooker with Kapook Insulator (SCK). Thermodynamic considerations required to developed rational and meaningful methodologies for the evaluation and comparison of the efficiency of the SCK was studied. It was found that the average daily water temperature from 10:00 to 12:00 solar time was 85.02 in the SCK. The average daily temperature difference in the SCK was 43.9 0 C. The energy output of the SC K ranged from 0.87 to 40.38W, for the time interval with an average energy output of 23.81Wfor SCK. The exergy output for the SCK ranged from 0.49 to 16.21 W, for the time interval with an average exergy output of 8.52W for SCK. A linear and polynomial regression of the plotted points was used to find the relationships between energy/exergy outputs, and efficiencies and temperature difference. The energy and exergy output at a temperature difference of 50 o C for the SCK was estimated to be 15.25W and 8.8Wduring the experimental period.
A thermal environment study of naturally ventilated classroom is very important because it correl... more A thermal environment study of naturally ventilated classroom is very important because it correlate students comfort in build environment to their learning ability, health and performance. Maiduguri, Borno state in north-eastern Nigeria is known with its hot and cold weather conditions during harmattan and summer weather respectively. In this study, questionnaire based thermal comfort survey was conducted in naturally ventilated classroom of University of Maiduguri during the months of December 2015 and March 2016. The environmental factors are relative humidity, air temperature and air velocity. These environmental factors were measured using ABH-4224(Lutron cup anemometer) apparatus, which is capable of measuring simultaneously those mentioned environmental factors. The physiological factors were clothing and metabolic rate, and were assessed by the questionnaire. It was observed that there was a large variation in the clothing pattern (1.62 to 2.58 clo in harmattan and 0.57 to 1.62 clo in summer). Both seasons justified the behavioral, physiological and psychological adaptation of the occupants. It was observed and found that only about 14.3% in harmattan and 8.2% in summer 'accepted' their immediate classroom environments to be comfortable. This simply means that most of the students were not thermally comfortable with the environmental condition. Also, using the summer survey data, from the developed mathematical model, the neutral temperature was found to be 34.6 o C and comfort temperature range was between 33.2 to 35.8 o C.
This paper shows the feasibility analysis of solar-wind hybrid power generation system and its po... more 
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Papers by Abba Bashir Muhammad