Alexandra Kankeleit
Alexandra Kankeleit studied classical archaeology, history of art and history in Frankfurt am Main and in Bonn. Since the 1990s, she has worked as a project manager in various sectors and fields: Museums, excavations and archaeological surveys, editorial work, e-business and tourism. With her German-Greek background, she is particularly interested in the history and culture of Greece. The focus of her research includes Roman mosaics in Greece, forms of representation in Early Greek two-dimensional art, as well as the activities of German archaeologists in Greece during the National Socialist era (1933-1945). A comprehensive overview of her interests is available at www.kankeleit.de.
Alexandra Kankeleit hat Klassische Archäologie, Kunstgeschichte und Geschichte in Frankfurt am Main und in Bonn studiert. Seit den 1990er Jahren ist sie als Projektmanagerin in unterschiedlichen Branchen und Arbeitsgebieten tätig: Museen, Ausgrabungen und Surveys, Redaktion, E-Business und Tourismus. Als Deutsch-Griechin interessiert sie sich besonders für die Geschichte und Kultur Griechenlands. Zu ihren Forschungsgebieten gehören u.a. die römischen Mosaiken in Griechenland, Darstellungsweisen in der frühgriechischen Flächenkunst sowie Untersuchungen zu den Aktivitäten deutscher Archäologen in Griechenland während der NS-Zeit (1933-1945). Ein Gesamtüberblick ihrer Interessen ist auf der Website www.kankeleit.de abrufbar.
Η Αλεξάνδρα Κάνκελαϊτ σπούδασε κλασική αρχαιολογία, ιστορία της τέχνης και ιστορία στη Φρανκφούρτη/ Μάιν και στη Βόννη. Από τη δεκαετία του 1990 προσφέρει τις υπηρεσίες της, με την ιδιότητα της project manager, σε ποικίλα πεδία και τομείς, όπως μουσεία, ανασκαφές και επιφανειακές έρευνες, επιμέλεια κειμένων, e-business και τουρισμό. Ως Γερμανοελληνίδα ενδιαφέρεται ιδιαίτερα για την ιστορία και τον πολιτισμό της Ελλάδας. Στα ερευνητικά της ενδιαφέροντα ανήκουν μεταξύ άλλων τα ρωμαϊκά ψηφιδωτά στην Ελλάδα, οι τεχνικές δισδιάστατης αναπαράστασης στην πρώιμη ελληνική τέχνη καθώς και οι δραστηριότητες Γερμανών αρχαιολόγων στην Ελλάδα κατά την ναζιστική περίοδο (1933-1945). Για περισσότερες πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα ενδιαφέροντά της, απευθυνθείτε στον ιστότοπο: www.kankeleit.de
Alexandra Kankeleit hat Klassische Archäologie, Kunstgeschichte und Geschichte in Frankfurt am Main und in Bonn studiert. Seit den 1990er Jahren ist sie als Projektmanagerin in unterschiedlichen Branchen und Arbeitsgebieten tätig: Museen, Ausgrabungen und Surveys, Redaktion, E-Business und Tourismus. Als Deutsch-Griechin interessiert sie sich besonders für die Geschichte und Kultur Griechenlands. Zu ihren Forschungsgebieten gehören u.a. die römischen Mosaiken in Griechenland, Darstellungsweisen in der frühgriechischen Flächenkunst sowie Untersuchungen zu den Aktivitäten deutscher Archäologen in Griechenland während der NS-Zeit (1933-1945). Ein Gesamtüberblick ihrer Interessen ist auf der Website www.kankeleit.de abrufbar.
Η Αλεξάνδρα Κάνκελαϊτ σπούδασε κλασική αρχαιολογία, ιστορία της τέχνης και ιστορία στη Φρανκφούρτη/ Μάιν και στη Βόννη. Από τη δεκαετία του 1990 προσφέρει τις υπηρεσίες της, με την ιδιότητα της project manager, σε ποικίλα πεδία και τομείς, όπως μουσεία, ανασκαφές και επιφανειακές έρευνες, επιμέλεια κειμένων, e-business και τουρισμό. Ως Γερμανοελληνίδα ενδιαφέρεται ιδιαίτερα για την ιστορία και τον πολιτισμό της Ελλάδας. Στα ερευνητικά της ενδιαφέροντα ανήκουν μεταξύ άλλων τα ρωμαϊκά ψηφιδωτά στην Ελλάδα, οι τεχνικές δισδιάστατης αναπαράστασης στην πρώιμη ελληνική τέχνη καθώς και οι δραστηριότητες Γερμανών αρχαιολόγων στην Ελλάδα κατά την ναζιστική περίοδο (1933-1945). Για περισσότερες πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα ενδιαφέροντά της, απευθυνθείτε στον ιστότοπο: www.kankeleit.de
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Papers by Alexandra Kankeleit
Newly discovered and analyzed documents in Switzerland, Germany, Greece and the USA provide an insight into her life situation at that time and the further course of her professional and personal development.
The Charioteer of Delphi is one of the best preserved and most important bronze statues of ancient Greece. Since its discovery in 1896, it has been one of the main attractions of the Greek oracle sanctuary of Delphi. As a symbol of Greece's eventful history, it is a frequently recurring motif in literature, film and the visual arts.
During the Second World War, the Charioteer of Delphi went through various phases, which will be illuminated by means of selected documents in my text. In 1940, the outbreak of the Second World War and the escalating conflict with the Italian government led to a stop of excavations and protective measures being ordered in all museums throughout Greece. Like most outstanding works of art, the Charioteer was to be hidden in a bomb-proof location. When the German Wehrmacht invaded Greece in April 1941, it was located in a cave not far from the ancient district of Delphi.
In 1941, Greece was divided into three occupation zones. Accordingly, Bulgaria ruled the northeast of Greece. Italy was responsible for central Greece, the Ionian Islands and the Peloponnese. Athens and Thessaloniki, several Aegean islands and over half of Crete were in German hands.
Delphi belonged to the Italian occupation zone from 1941 to 1943. Nevertheless, the German “Kunstschutz” (department of art protection) under the leadership of the archaeologist Wilhelm Kraiker instructed that the charioteer be removed from its hiding place in 1942 and transported to Athens with the support of the Wehrmacht. This led to some uproar among the Greek population, as contemporary press releases indicate. In the National Museum of Athens, the charioteer was to be cleaned and restored at the expense of the Greek state while it was still under occupation. However, the occupation period (until 1944) and the Greek Civil War (until 1949) meant that the bronze statue had to remain in Athens for over 9 years. Only in 1951, after the restoration was completed, it could be brought back to Delphi, where since then it has been a point of attraction for researchers and tourists from all over the world.
Abstract: The German School of Athens was founded in 1897 by Wilhelm Dörpfeld. By this time, the representatives of the so-called German colony in Athens felt increasingly the need to institutionalize the education of their children in German language and culture. Dörpfeld was not only responsible for the pedagogical orientation and staffing of the German School of Athens, but had also great impact on its outward appearance as the school building was built to his designs.
During the 1st half of the 20th century, Germanspeaking archaeologists formed a constituent part of the school council – even if no children of their own attended the School: Georg Karo, Otto Walter, Ernst Buschor and Walther Wrede. During the crisis years, archaeologists assisted with teaching, such as Karo and Walter in 1914 and Wrede and Möbius in 1921.
Walter Wrede and Hans Möbius came to the German School of Athens after the First World War with the support of the Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland (Association for Germans Abroad). Their teaching experience offered them the opportunity to quickly gain a foothold as archaeologists in Greece, too.
The paper explores the conditions and the intentions behind the establishment of the German School of Athens. In addition, it will examine to what extent the historical and political events from 1874 to 1933 influenced the interaction between the DAI and the German School of Athens.