Thesis Chapters by Dipak Giri
Akhand Publishing House, Delhi, India, 2026
The chapter “A Move towards ‘Final Solution’: Rejection of Communalism and Religious Fanaticism i... more The chapter “A Move towards ‘Final Solution’: Rejection of Communalism and Religious Fanaticism in Mahesh Dattani’s Final Solutions” by Dr. Dipak Giri deals with Mahesh Dattani’s award winning play Final Solutions which has framed its theme on communal disharmony as widely and commonly seen among people of the Hindus and Muslims in India against each others, right from the time of the post-partition riots to contemporary India. The psychosis that had been well-pervasive all over the country among the Hindus and the Muslims, after the partition of the country, still has not lost its continuous neurotic reactions to even the most inconsequential of events and happenings of present India. The chapter explores how the questions in the Dattani’s Final Solutions raised about identity of Muslims in India draw attention to their feeling of suffocation as they are not assimilated into society, but the reason, as it is also pointed out in the play, is that they are not ready to blend-in into a massive society for fear of losing their identity to an amorphous mass. Feeling of belonging to the minority community forms the basis of their socio-cultural identity. This way, discrimination also leads to identity crisis. The chapter also studies how the play tries to find solution to end all unrest and violence happening in form of communalism giving us the message that religion is just something superficial as mask and ought to be donned or taken off at will.
Akhand Publishing House, Delhi, India, 2025
In the final chapter, Dr. Dipak Giri retraces Indian history and seeks hijra or transgender repre... more In the final chapter, Dr. Dipak Giri retraces Indian history and seeks hijra or transgender representation in old Indian texts and other available accounts and explores how hijra or transgender has long been rooted to Indian culture and has been earning social recognition since ancient times. The chapter validates their existence and status in early times when they were welcomed as reverential beings and also justifies the fact that hijra or transgender lost their dignified and respectable position after the arrival of the English and became disrepute and ignoble. The chapter makes an urgent appeal to change our Eurocentric outlook in order to accept hijra or transgender as part and parcel of our long rooted Indian culture.
Authorspress, New Delhi, India, 2018
Dipak Giri’s paper Interrogating National Identity: A Postcolonial Study of Mahesh Dattani’s Fina... more Dipak Giri’s paper Interrogating National Identity: A Postcolonial Study of Mahesh Dattani’s Final Solutions tries to explore the problem of national identity in postcolonial India. Validation and promotion of one religion at the expense of others has given birth to the problem of communalism in postcolonial India. Putting on the mask of secularism, the nation-state India in postcolonial period has held the real face back from public. India as a community taken birth in postcolonial era has appeared more an imagined community for Hindus than a united community for other religions. The discourse of religion has made national identity more exclusionary than inclusionary. At the centre of this discourse, Hindus stand head and shoulders above other Non-Hindus. Such rise of nation out of discursive basis of power has stirred questions to many. Many postcolonial writers have come openly to challenge this. Still the way Dattani has done this in his play Final Solutions is an achievement in itself. Along with dealing with the theme of ‘transferred resentments’ of one community against another as regards question to national identity the paper also shows how the playwright has tried to draw the possible solution to end such violence and animosity through adoption of the policy of forgetting or forgiving.
AABS Publishing House, Kolkata, India, 2019
The last paper in this anthology is Dipak Giri’s article, entitled “Home and Away: Migrancy, Dias... more The last paper in this anthology is Dipak Giri’s article, entitled “Home and Away: Migrancy, Diasporicity and Identity in Select Novels of V.S. Naipaul”. The author has tried to critically study issues like migrancy, diasporacity and identity in Naipaul’s few selected works.
AABS Publishing House, Kolkata, India, 2022
The last inclusion is Dipak Giri’s chapter on the cinematic adaptation of Ismat Chughtai’s short ... more The last inclusion is Dipak Giri’s chapter on the cinematic adaptation of Ismat Chughtai’s short story Lihaaf (The Quilt) into Rahat Kazmi’s film of same name. The paper explores how the film is the blend of both fitting and unfitting elements in reference to Chughtai’s original story.
Malik & Sons Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India, 2024
The final chapter of this anthology “Cultural Displacement and Identical Dilemma in Kiran Desai’... more The final chapter of this anthology “Cultural Displacement and Identical Dilemma in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss” by Dr. Dipak Giri tries to analyze Kiran Desai’s Booker prize winning novel The Inheritance of Loss as a fictional work dealing with problems of migration faced by the characters in the novel and their dilemma and double consciousness. The chapter discusses the problems of displacement and its aftermath effects like identity crisis. The study focuses on the emotional traumas faced by the characters. Even though the characters returned to their homeland they hardly got rid of the frustration and alienation that they had undergone in the hostland and those frustrating experiences had developed into them a kind of hatred to each other. Their sense of loss and alienation had shattered their minds. The study focuses on the need and necessity of sense of belonging.
Malik & Sons Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India, 2024
Finally, Dr. Dipak Giri’s chapter on Mulk Raj Anand presents how Anand in his short stories prove... more Finally, Dr. Dipak Giri’s chapter on Mulk Raj Anand presents how Anand in his short stories proves himself as a crusader against social ills and evils arising out of caste, class and gender. Anand as a writer was a lifelong devotee of humanistic ideals often compared with the great humanists of the world like the humanist Hindi writer Munshi Premchand and the humanist Bengali writer Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay. Giri’s chapter explores how Anand as a humanist and his stories as humanistic keep a perennial appeal to readers.
Rudra Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India, 2024
The last chapter “An Interlink between Women and Nature: Reading Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small... more The last chapter “An Interlink between Women and Nature: Reading Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things from an Ecofeminist Perspective” written by Dr. Dipak Giri is an attempt to show how women are suppressed and subjugated by nature-culture binarism, a long run and arbitrary idea where culture representing men earns the central position pushing women to the periphery representing nature in reference to Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. The chapter also shows how women are identifiable with nature in reference to female characters in the book. If one probes deeper will easily find that the way female characters in Roy’s The God of Small Things lead their life is easily connectable with nature in their speech, attributes and actions.
Rudra Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India, 2025
The last chapter written by Dr. Dipak Giri on Daya Pawar’s autobiographical novel Baluta foregrou... more The last chapter written by Dr. Dipak Giri on Daya Pawar’s autobiographical novel Baluta foregrounds an identity crisis and the suffering of the Dalits born in Mahar community in Maharashtra. Baluta as a personal narrative remarkably brings home to objective representation of Dalit experience in Marathi Dalit literature. It recounts the experiences of an untouchable Mahar who had to struggle both physically and mentally throughout his life for a peaceful existence and vividly describes the practice of untouchablity and caste violence prevailing in Indian society and serves as an effective agency of social change by urging not only the Dalit community to fight back for equality and dignity, but also the entire society to come out of the shackles of casteism and give the Dalits their rights of equality and freedom.
Malik & Sons Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India, 2025
The last chapter written by Dr. Dipak Giri on Lummer Dai’s Kainar Mullya (The Price of Bride) exp... more The last chapter written by Dr. Dipak Giri on Lummer Dai’s Kainar Mullya (The Price of Bride) explores how Dai’s novel articulates the voice of protest against the tradition of taking bride price in the tribal community of Northeast India in reference to Arunachalee Adi tribe. As per the tradition of bride price prevalent in many tribal communities in Northeast India, girls are forced to get married even before they reach adulthood. In these communities, girls are purchased by the groom family from the bride family as if they are commodity. The chapter explores how the practice of bride price destroys the future of many girls in the tribal community. Due to this inhuman practice, many tribal girls become the victims of school dropout, child marriage, early motherhood, and malnutrition. The chapter, foregrounding the adverse impacts of bride price in the tribal communities of Northeast India, aims at giving birth to tribal consciousness and awakening.
AABS Publishing House, 2019
This article on Mahesh Dattani’s Do the Needful discusses characters through the lens of gender p... more This article on Mahesh Dattani’s Do the Needful discusses characters through the lens of gender performativity. It shows how characters are forced to sacrifice their personal choice in the garb of gender role. Gay or homosexuals are not free on their will, rather they are norm-bound all through their life only because they are living in gender discriminated society.
AABS PUBLISHING HOUSE, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 2019
The article on Vijay Tendulkar’s A Friend’s Story presents how the sense of insecurity and guilt... more The article on Vijay Tendulkar’s A Friend’s Story presents how the sense of insecurity and guilt arising out of social and familial tension ruins the life of a homosexual. The paper delves deeper into the psyche of a lesbian protagonist in order to bring many hidden and hard realities of a homosexual into surface.
Literary Herald: An International Refereed/Peer-reviewed English e-Journal, 2021
Subaltern Studies is one of the major subdivisions of Postcolonial Studies. In Postcolonial Studi... more Subaltern Studies is one of the major subdivisions of Postcolonial Studies. In Postcolonial Studies colonizer is recognized as the "Self", colonized as the "Other" and apart from the "Self" and the "Other", there is also another group whose condition is worse than the colonized "Other" and who lives most of their life remaining invisible to both the "Self" and the "Other" are the subaltern group of people which comprises mostly peasants and labourers. However, apart from male subalterns, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak also sees Indian women as same as other subaltern groups of people. According to Spivak in her most celebrated essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?", Indian women are forced to live between two forces of antagonismtraditional force of colonized and modern force of colonizer coming from two different directions-one from the traditional male hegemony and another from modern British ruling class. Fragmented into two halves for becoming unable to compromise with these two antagonistic forces, an Indian woman is compelled to lead a life of subalternity. Of late Spivak"s theory of female subalternity has been criticized much among many Indian women novelists who protested it vehemently through their write ups. Among those Indian women novelists, Manju Kapur deserves well to be mentioned. Almost all female protagonists in Manju Kapur"s novels achieve the status of new woman going beyond the level of their status of subalternity. Astha, the female central character and heroine of her most celebrated novel A Married Woman appears before us as a controversial figure of female freedom and emancipation from position of sexual subalternity in the form of lesbianism threatening the male hegemony of heterosexuality. The present article explores this very theme of lesbianism as a negation of subaltern sexual status in reference to male hegemony of heterosexuality in Manju Kapur"s A Married Woman.
Creative Flight: An International Half-Yearly Open Access Peer-Reviewed E-Journal in English (ISSN 2582-6158), Vol. 2, No.1 (April, 2021), 2021
The present paper presents the comparative discussion of two Dalit autobiographies Narendra Jadha... more The present paper presents the comparative discussion of two Dalit autobiographies Narendra Jadhav's Outcaste: A Memoir and Omprakash Valmiki's Joothan, though written in two different regions, languages and cultures, yet focus similar theme of Dalit's freedom and emancipation from traditional castestigmatised society which believe in sacrificing the interest of marginalized on the altar of tradition. The paper also delves deeper into dalit life and struggle in order to bring into surface those factors which have caused in bringing about a radical change in Dalit's life forcing them to come in action from their passivity and inertness.
IIS (deemed to be University) Jaipur. vol. 10, no. 1, Jul. 2021, pp. 44-51 (ISSN 2319-5339) , 2021
Drishti : the Sight, 2021
Anomie in sociology is a condition that distances
an individual from prevailing social standards ... more Anomie in sociology is a condition that distances
an individual from prevailing social standards or
norms. An anomic state of mind suffers social
alienation and self-distancing. When an individual
becoming victim of anomie, prefers the path of
suicide, such individual deems to be called anomic
and such suicide is looked upon as anomic suicide.
Emile Durkheim first brought Anomic suicide up to
public discussion in his ground-breaking book
Suicide, originally written in French Le Suicide in
1897. Anomie plays a major role in gay-lesbian
study since the majority of people belonging to a
gay-lesbian community are by and large anomic.
Trapped between societal demands and individual
choice, people of gay-lesbian community undergo
anomic suicide, either in a real or metaphoric
sense. In this respect, lesbian characters in
Shobhaa De’s Snapshots are to a large extent
anomic. None of the lesbian characters in this
novel are seen committing suicide. Still they appear
to us the best exemplary figures of anomie who
undergo anomic status and commit suicide in
metaphoric sense.
Creative Flight: An International Half-Yearly Open Access Peer-Reviewed E-Journal in English (ISSN 2582-6158), Vol. 2, No. 2 (October, 2021), 2021
Translated into English by Samik Bandyopadhyay from its original Bengali version, entitled as Haj... more Translated into English by Samik Bandyopadhyay from its original Bengali version, entitled as Hajar Chaurasir Ma, the play Mother of 1084 tries to present the class struggle between the bourgeois and the proletariat on the dramatic surface against the background of Naxalite Movement of 1970s. The expansion of the peasant revolution into a mass revolution against the Neo-colonial bourgeois capitalist government in March, 1967 in Naxalbari of Darjeeling District of West Bengal serves as the dramatic background behind all the action in the play. The paper endeavours to bring into surface this widespread class struggle that had taken the form of mass revolution during the time impacting almost every sphere of life from familial to social. The paper as a whole not merely discusses how Mahasweta Devi presents the class struggle and conflict of ideas but also shows how sympathetic Devi had during her life-time for the Naxalites to whom she had earnestly tried to win the heart of majority. The paper discusses Devi’s humanistic standpoint from both social and political perspectives. With blend of literature and history, the paper has tried to infuse realism into the mass revolution of 1970s in order to seek plea for the Naxalites taken by majority as social enemy.
Booksclinic Publishing, Chhattisgarh, India, 2020
The article shows how Thongchi’s novel debates over the theme of polyandrous marital practice com... more The article shows how Thongchi’s novel debates over the theme of polyandrous marital practice commonly seen in Monpa community, one of the tribal communities in Arunachal Pradesh against widely accepted monogamous practice of marriage. The paper brings into surface the darker aspects of polyandry by showing how polyandry, appearing as a transgression from widely accepted norm of monogamy, fails to create congenial atmosphere in marital life even in the community where such practice is permissible and socially accepted. The paper delves deeper into the psychology of characters and brings into surface the conflict resulting out of polyandry in the form of crossing the limit for which the characters involved with it pay heavily losing marital bliss and peacefulness of life and activity.
AABS Publishing House, Kolkata, India, 2019
Dipak Giri’s article on Anita Desai’s Fire on the Mountain tries to explore not only the fight an... more Dipak Giri’s article on Anita Desai’s Fire on the Mountain tries to explore not only the fight and struggle of women to set them free along with nature from the subjugation and oppression of masculine culture but also their attempts to subvert the age-old gender binary in terms of nature/culture dichotomy. Since the feminist movement in the late 1960s, one issue over which discussion has often been held is to what extent the oppositional role of women and men can be conceived of in terms of nature-culture dichotomy and what implication this dichotomy actually gives as regards to the position of women in society. As per this dichotomy, masculine culture/ feminine nature binary appeared later and this binary gave birth to many binaries like mind/body, objective/subjective, rational/emotional, public/private, in each of which the former is indicative to masculine culture, whereas the later to feminine nature. By this formulation, women are victims of universal devaluation that stems out from the patriarchal way of looking woman as nature-identified and perceiving them as such, male society is devaluing and derogating them in comparison to culture which as per this logic, is completely under the domain of man, can mould nature and woman as per its requirement and thus establish its superiority over them. Disregarding this nature-culture dichotomy, ecofeminism seeks plea for the equality of woman with men and in this regard, it differs from liberal feminism which only believes in the freedom of women. As an ecofeminist text, Anita Desai’s Fire on the Mountain presents the struggle of characters in accepting this nature-culture dichotomy. This struggle is apparent in their role and action. The female characters in the novel, being identifiable with nature, seek solace and freedom in nature in order to escape masculine culture, whereas men go to the extreme to control them. In this struggle and fight, women do not retreat even in adverse situation, though they are succumbed to masculine culture and are even made victim of death and destruction. The paper tries to explore not only the fight and struggle of women to set them free along with nature from the subjugation and oppression of masculine culture but also their attempts to subvert the age-old gender binary in terms of nature/culture dichotomy.
Vishwabharati Research Centre, Latur, Maharashtra, 2020
What Raymond Williams writes that culture, for its conflicting nature, is “one of the two or thre... more What Raymond Williams writes that culture, for its conflicting nature, is “one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language,” (Williams 87) is every inch true to post colonial literature. Fragmentation of self and identity has given rise to the issue of cultural conflict in post colonial communities. Caught between dualism of identities- self to be native and body to be colonized, post colonial people are suffering cultural crisis along with quest for identity. Amitav Ghosh’s celebrated novel The Shadow Lines written on the background of post partition communal holocaust in Bengal has made a well portrayal of cultural conflicts that have arisen out of multiplicity of identity. Characters in the novel are flotsam to find their cultural roots. As regards identity they can be divided into several groups- localized, globalised and universalized. This division problematises culture. Ghosh’s endeavour to synthesise this muti-faceted culture and identity into a single organic whole ultimately proves nothing but failure and one may call it a ‘myth’ shorn of reality. The paper tries to bring into surface cultural problem impacted by multiplicity of identities and in order to analyse it, the researcher has made a deep delved study not only on outer action but also on inner psychology of the characters in the novel.
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Thesis Chapters by Dipak Giri
an individual from prevailing social standards or
norms. An anomic state of mind suffers social
alienation and self-distancing. When an individual
becoming victim of anomie, prefers the path of
suicide, such individual deems to be called anomic
and such suicide is looked upon as anomic suicide.
Emile Durkheim first brought Anomic suicide up to
public discussion in his ground-breaking book
Suicide, originally written in French Le Suicide in
1897. Anomie plays a major role in gay-lesbian
study since the majority of people belonging to a
gay-lesbian community are by and large anomic.
Trapped between societal demands and individual
choice, people of gay-lesbian community undergo
anomic suicide, either in a real or metaphoric
sense. In this respect, lesbian characters in
Shobhaa De’s Snapshots are to a large extent
anomic. None of the lesbian characters in this
novel are seen committing suicide. Still they appear
to us the best exemplary figures of anomie who
undergo anomic status and commit suicide in
metaphoric sense.