Fakrul Islam

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Books by Fakrul Islam

Climate Change and Its Impact on Cultivable Land Area: A Study on the Farmers of Northern Bangladesh

by Abu Shahen and Fakrul Islam

Springer, Cham, 2026

The paper discussed the climate change’s effects on land area changes in the study area, focusing... more The paper discussed the climate change’s effects on land area changes in the study area, focusing on changes in cultivable land area, factors causing these changes, measures, and practices for land conservation, and the effectiveness of strategies to prevent land loss. To reach the study's goal, the authors did research in seven areas that are prone to disasters. However, the study found that areas becoming uncultivable had a coefficient value of −3.803, indicating a significant negative effect of climate change on cultivation areas. The analysis revealed that a significant cultivable land area became uncultivable in the study area. Furthermore, using cultivation strategies had a negative impact, indicating that without them, there was a 60% lower chance of changes happening in the cultivation area. Conversely, effective land-management practices positively influenced the cultivation area. The findings specifically highlighted the significant relationships between climate change, land management, and the cultivation area of land. The study suggested implementing better land-management strategies, including crop diversification, water supply, soil conservation, reduced pesticide use, flood management, and improved irrigation systems.

Papers by Fakrul Islam

Understanding Health Seeking Behavior Regarding Leprosy Patient

by Yeamin Ali, Akib Javed, Akhtar Rupali, and Fakrul Islam

The study aims at understand the health seeking behavior of leprosy patient and make a batter pol... more The study aims at understand the health seeking behavior of leprosy patient and make a batter policy regarding leprosy treatment. People’s perception and culture have great link with health seeking behaviors. Also socio-culture, economic and belief regarding diseases has dominant influence in health seeking behaviors. Socio-cultural behaviors are much related with health seeking behaviors of leprosy. In case of leprosy, their surrounding people have great influence in what kind of treatment they take. Leprosy patient health seeking behaviors influence by their awareness, a consciousness, belief, socio-culture condition and economic condition. Those the entire thing is related with culture. Research shows that 45% patient take salve (Ointment) at first step and they think that it is a skin disease. Limited knowledge, sharing, confusing about cure, wrong belief about diseases are the main factor to treatment. Also economic class is the significant factor for treatment. Lower class people’s economic condition has too much impact on health seeking behavior. If we make conscious about leprosy in our country or society, then the entire leprosy patient will be cure. So, we should think about health seeking behavior those of patient for recurring from the disease. Most of the respondents recognize leprosy after medical test.

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A Comparative Study on the Occurrence of Cor Pulmonale among the Cases of COPD and Bronchial Asthma

TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association, 2011

This hospital-based study was carried out on the patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas... more This hospital-based study was carried out on the patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and bronchial asthma, who were admitted into the Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital between the period of July 1999 to December 2000. The main objective of the study was to compare the occurrence of cor pulmonale among the patients of COPD and bronchial asthma. Sixty patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of bronchial asthma (n=30) and COPD (n=30) from the admitted cases of obstructive air way diseases were included in the study by random sampling method. It was found that occurrence of cor pulmonale was significantly higher among the patients of COPD than those of bronchial asthma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v14i2.8386 TAJ 2001; 14(2): 56-60

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Clinical Profile of Patients with Mitral Stenosis: A Study of 100 Cases in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association, 2010

The main objective of the study were to determine the common symptoms and signs, pattern of valve... more The main objective of the study were to determine the common symptoms and signs, pattern of valve lesion and complications of mitral valvular disease in our population. Fifty patients of mitral valvular disease of rheumatic origin were evaluated in the Departments of Medicine and Cardiology of Rajshahi Medical college Hospital, Rajshahi. Breathlessness was the commonest symptom followed by palpitation, cough and fatigue. Commonly encountered signs of mitral valvular disease were tapping apex beat, loud first heart sound and diastolic murmur at mitral area. The signs of pulmonary hypertension were present in the majority of the patients at presentation. Atrial fibrillation was also quite common, though only a few having thromboembolic manifestations. Majority of the patients suffering from mitral valvular disease are poor. A number of patients receive the treatment of bronchial asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis for dyspnoea and haemoptysis respectively before the diagnosis of valvula...

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Arsenic Contamination in Ground Water in Bangladesh:—A Study on Taranagar Village—

地域学研究, 2007

Bangladesh is well known for her natural disasters such as floods and cyclones. Although Banglade... more Bangladesh is well known for her natural disasters such as floods and cyclones. Although Bangladesh has a higher amount of water per capita than most countries in the world, she often suffers from water shortages and droughts. Since the 1980s, groundwater (of hand tube wells) has been used for drinking and cooking all over the country to avoid water borne diseases. However, since 1993 tube wells in most parts of Bangladesh have become contaminated with high amounts of arsenic (0.05 mg/liter). In this paper the water situation of a village (Taranagar) severely affected by the arsenic problem is discussed based on a survey conducted in 2005. High levels of arsenic contaminated more than 97% of tube wells in this village. More than 90% of all households had patients with arsenicosis, five patients had already died. However, the villagers still remained almost without any effective alternative for a safe water source. The efforts of the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) to install ring wells proved to be futile, as it was not possible to dig the wells according to the guidelines, and the water of these ring wells had bad odors. The paper concludes by urging all concerned to provide safe water to the people of Taranagar village.

Identification of the Problem

Springer eBooks, 2016

Section 1888 of Division 18 of Title 16 of the California Code of Regulations, and the Board of B... more Section 1888 of Division 18 of Title 16 of the California Code of Regulations, and the Board of Behavioral Sciences Disciplinary Guidelines, Revised March 2010, which are incorporated by reference. The Board has identified a number of technical clean-up changes needed in the Disciplinary Guidelines. In addition, the Board has identified several procedural changes to the Disciplinary Guidelines that would make the enforcement process clearer and more efficient. The Board is proposing several amendments to the Disciplinary Guidelines incorporated by reference in Section 1888 of Division 18 of Title 16 of the California Code of Regulations:

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Water Use and Poverty Reduction

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2016

Rural Poverty Alleviation through Large-scale Irrigation Planning: Problem and Prospects of the Dalia Barrage Project, Bangladesh (共同研究 21世紀・日本の環境共生政策が世界経済に与える影響--経済発展と環境との相克の調整システムの研究)

紀要, Mar 31, 2002

An Optimal Policy for the Efficient Use of the Teesta Water (日本環境共生学会 2002年度第5回学術大会発表論文集)

日本環境共生学会学術大会発表論文集, 2002

A policy measure for optimal water resource utilization and alleviation of socio-environmental problems in the Teesta River basin, Bangladesh and India

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Recommendations

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2016

Survival Strategies of the Displaced People Due to Riverbank Erosion: A Study of Victims Living on the Bank of Padma River, Bangladesh

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2020

Riverbank erosion is one of the natural disasters in the riverine Bangladesh. River erosion often... more Riverbank erosion is one of the natural disasters in the riverine Bangladesh. River erosion often destroys cultivable lands, dislocates human settlements, damages the growing crops, massively disrupts road linkages and communication infrastructure in the riparian track of the country. It is one of the most unpredictable and critical types of disasters that depend upon the quantity of rainfall, soil structure, river morphology and topography. The present study has been conducted to assess the losses and miseries caused by the riverbank erosion, find out the effects of erosion on livelihood and to explore the survival and coping strategies adopted by the displaced people of the study area. The study was conducted in two villages near River Padma at the Shariatpur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources to fulfil the objectives of the study. Findings of the study revealed that on an average, 280-acre land and 240 houses of the study area were eroded per year during the period during 2009–2013. It is also found that during this period the rate of damage in 2011 and 2012 was higher than previous years and it was highest in the year 2013. It was an indication of increased erosion rate. The main reason for such variation was climate change-induced intensifying rainfall pattern and unplanned interventions. The marginalised people not only lost property but also experienced socio-economic deprivation through displacement. Because of the dynamic character of the braided channelled river and the failure of structural measures, the sufferings of the people continued. Long-term policies and strategies should be taken to cope with bank erosion taking into account the social and institutional adjustment measures. Land reallocation assurance may be the appropriate strategy to cope up with such disaster. In addition, a flood plain zone is essential to lessen the vulnerability of riverbank erosion. Adequate intervention of the concerned government agencies is required to protect the lives and properties. More attention is to be given for rehabilitating the displaced families. This study has both academic and policy-related implications. Findings will be useful for policymakers, project managers and development workers as well as people of Bangladesh to protect erosion, rescue lives and resources and to rehabilitate the displaced people of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh. This study will help in understanding the livelihood strategies of the victims of riverbank erosion in general and the displacees of Shariatpur district in particular.

The Field Survey: A Comparative Socio-economic Survey on the Dalia and Gazoldoba Areas

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2016

In this chapter, a comparative socioeconomic survey conducted in 2000 among the beneficiaries of ... more In this chapter, a comparative socioeconomic survey conducted in 2000 among the beneficiaries of the Dalia Barrage Project, Bangladesh and Teesta Barrage project Gazoldoba, West Bengal, India has been discussed. In Bangladesh portion, the study was conducted in 14 villages of 4 unions of 2 thanas (police station) on the bank of the Teesta River of Nilphamari district and in Indian part; the study was conducted in 10 villages of 3 panchayats (Union council) of the Jalpaiguri district. It shows an introduction brief background of the research problem along with locale, methodology, data collection and data analysis and limitation of the study. Tables and graphs have been used to clearly explain the collected data. At the end of this chapter, summary of the survey of both areas have been portrayed separately. Besides, results of two follow-up field surveys on “changes in socio-economic and environmental situations in the Dalia irrigation project area during 2002–2007 and 2010–2014” have been included in the Sects. 3.5.3 and 3.5.4 respectively.

Indicators and Principles of International Water Sharing

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2016

In this chapter, various principles of international river water sharing such as legal, right bas... more In this chapter, various principles of international river water sharing such as legal, right based, economic, social, environmental, etc. have been discussed putting various examples. Articles on equitable share, obligation, equitable allocation through “efficiency”, “benefits” or equity, etc. have been analysed.

Bilateral Water Sharing Model

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2016

Food grain production using irrigation water through implementation of the Teesta Barrage Project... more Food grain production using irrigation water through implementation of the Teesta Barrage Project began in 1980s. However, soon after this, India built another barrage only 60 km upstream on the same river, leaving the Bangladesh project area waterless by withdrawal of dry season water. Bangladesh and Indian authorities met many times in order to reach a fruitful agreement on water sharing of this international river, but only in vain as those meetings were politically induced. Many research works have been conducted to solve this issue but could not bring any success due to lack of regional cooperation. Dearth of earnest sincerity on part of the authorities was evident. In this chapter, some recommendations have been made relying on some computer simulation results and a recently carried out survey in the region to ensure an equitable share of the Teesta river water (for Bangladesh) through enhancing regional cooperation.

Different Approaches to International Water Sharing Issue

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2016

This chapter shows legal and geo-political approaches of international water sharing. Some exampl... more This chapter shows legal and geo-political approaches of international water sharing. Some examples of peaceful international water sharing and legal liability of India for extraterritorial damages caused by the Gazoldoba barrage have been discussed here. Meetings and administrative commitments of joint river commission (JRC) on Teesta water sharing have been cited and discussed. Principles of optimal allocation, welfare maximisation and an optimal approach to the sharing of Teesta water in dry season have also been discussed.

The Teesta River and Its Basin Area

New frontiers in regional science: Asian perspectives, 2016

This chapter shows a pen-picture of the Teesta River and its basin area. The spatio-physical natu... more This chapter shows a pen-picture of the Teesta River and its basin area. The spatio-physical nature, geomorphic and hydrological characteristics of water use systems at the downstream of the Teesta River have been discussed. Besides these, salient features of the Dalia barrage projects of both in India and Bangladesh territory have been cited. General features of the two barrages on the Teesta River: Dalia and Gazoldoba, and on the basis of using Teesta water and land productivity, total and marginal productivity under the both targeted irrigation area have been discussed. Disastrous effects on agricultural production in Bangladesh caused by the Gazoldoba barrage, problems created by excessive discharge of water and deluge (for example, effects of recent severe flooding) have also been discussed. Some whole news on the severity of the problem at Dalia and major concerns published in various news media since 2003 to August 2015 have been cited directly.

Fishing Community in Wetland Region of Bangladesh: Views from the Field Experiences of Hakaluki Haor

Journal of Underrepresented & Minority Progress

This study is a part of doctoral dissertation which basically observes the socio-economic conditi... more This study is a part of doctoral dissertation which basically observes the socio-economic condition of the artisanal fishing community of Hakaluki Haor in Bangladesh. The original study is exploratory in nature, and both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used to attain the goals and objectives of the study. The main objective of the current article is to identify the present socio-demographic background of Hoar fishing community in Bangladesh. Data analysis has focused on the actual situation of the household of fishing community from the Haor perspective. The findings of the study have been categorized on the basis of five capitals (i.e., social, human, physical, financial and natural resources) that structure the conceptual framework of the study. It is shown that most of the fishing community in the Haor basin are living under the most unpleasant and vulnerable conditions in terms of income, food security, housing patterns, health and sanitation conditions. Other ...

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Comparative occupational health risk between tobacco and paddy farming people in Bangladesh

SSM - Mental Health, 2022

Assessing Health-Related Situation of the Rural Elderly in Bangladesh: A Microlevel Study

New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 2019

Quality of life is a concept that has gained significant importance in the sociocultural, politic... more Quality of life is a concept that has gained significant importance in the sociocultural, political, and medical vocabulary. With the emergence of free market economy and pro-globalization policies, Bangladesh has paved the way for the developed to be more developed and rich to be richer. There is a section of privileged citizens who are endowed with money, education, medical facilities, name, fame, and social status, enjoying modern amenities of life, and living in urban areas. The comparatively poor and underprivileged sections are more often living in the rural areas being deprived of even the basic needs and amenities of life. Usually, the rural elderly live with their families in Bangladesh. Their family members take care of them. It is an expectation of traditional society and of the elderly themselves that all their needs will be met by their offspring and other relatives living nearby. But with the passage of time, this tradition is breaking down. Therefore, it is very likely that the quality of life of the elderly in Bangladesh has currently gained a downward motion. The objective of this study is to discover the health-related situation of the elderly at some remote villages in a northern district of Bangladesh. It also delves into the gender-based differences among the elderly in their health-seeking behaviors. The principal method used for the study was a social survey. Face-to-face interview has been conducted with a structured questionnaire among the rural men and women aged 56 years and above to draw empirical data. Descriptive analyses of data using various statistical tools have been made to trace out the prevailing situation.

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