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Papers by IIJSR Journal

On Farm Evaluation and Demonstration of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties Under furrow Irrigation at Dalo-mana District, Bale Low land southeastern Ethiopia

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Four varieties with one local varieties of onion were planted under a complete randomized block d... more Four varieties with one local varieties of onion were planted under a complete randomized block design experiment with four replications at farmers’ field in Dalo Mana. The quantitative data on yield of onion varieties and, farmers perception on the varieties were collected. All the varieties were harvested at their maturity (80% tops down) and then graded and weighed into six categories of bulbs: small weight, double weight, thin weight, bolters weight, marketable weight and total weight. Inferential and descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis where by two ways analysis of variance and ranking scales were applied. It was concluded that all the four varieties namely; Adam Red, Red bomby, Nafis, and Nasic contributed differently to the total yield, marketable yield and percentage marketable yield. Onion variety Nasic followed by Red bomby produced the highest marketable yield whereas Local variety gave the lowest marketable yield. Despite the fact that Local variety produced the highest total yield and has been a common and popular onion variety in Ethiopia, it was recommended that farmers should not use Local variety as it produced the lowest percentage (60%) of marketable yield. Based on the yield performance and the farmer’s perception, Nasic followed by Red bomby varieties were found to be the best performing onion variety and therefore, government should promote these onion varieties for cultivation in Ethiopia. The effects of different planting dates on the yield of onion varieties can be considered for future research.

The History of the Spread of Naqshbandi in the Ottoman Empire

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Sufi orders, particularly the Naqshbandi, played an exceptional role in the development of the Ot... more Sufi orders, particularly the Naqshbandi, played an exceptional role in the development of the Ottoman Empire. In this regard, the relations between Central Asia and Turkey go back to centuries-old roots. Naqshbandi shaykhs and dervishes held a special place in the trade, cultural, and socio-economic relations between the two brotherly peoples. This article provides information about the arrival of Naqshbandi in the Ottoman territories, its history, development, and prominent shaykhs.

Integrated Hydrochemical and Ecotoxicological Appraisal of Oil-Based Drilling Mud Contamination in the Eruemokarien Environment, Delta State

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Oil-based drilling muds (OBMs) are crucial in petroleum operations and are among the primary sour... more Oil-based drilling muds (OBMs) are crucial in petroleum operations and are among the primary sources of environmental pollution when not properly contained and managed. This paper gives a combined hydrochemical and ecotoxicological evaluation of OBM pollution in Eruemokarien, Delta State, Nigeria. A field-based, descriptive-analytical design was employed to combine quantitative and qualitative approaches. Samples of soil, water, and air were obtained in three areas (0-100 m, 100-300 m, and >500 m) and determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detection (GC-FID), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Findings depicted the extreme contamination of the multi-media, with soil having the highest contamination: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) at 6,582 mg/kg, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs) at 450.7mg/kg, and lead (Pb) at 128 mg/kg, all of which exceeded the EGASPIN (2018) threshold. The water quality analysis contained TPH (18.4 mg/L), Pb (0.52 mg/L), and cadmium (Cd) (0.018 mg/L). In contrast, the air samples contained high concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 = 68 µg/m³, PM10 = 112 µg/m³) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs = 8.2 mg/m³). Statistical tests were used to validate significant spatial differences (p < 0.001) and a high correlation between soil water and hydrocarbons (R² = 0.87), indicating that pollutants were moving across the environmental matrices. The results suggest that OBM remnants have led to disturbance in the geochemical equilibrium in the area, decreased the soil's fertility, and caused toxicological hazards to the aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The conclusion is that inappropriate OBM containment implies significant, spatially concentrated pollution that must be removed promptly, tighter control by regulatory authorities, the utilisation of low-toxicity synthetic muds, and periodic environmental audits. The measures are essential in reducing the ecological degradation caused by hydrocarbons and in ensuring the sustainability of oilfield operations.

Judicial Ethics and the Rule of Law in the Thought of Abdurauf Fitrat

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

This article explores Abdurauf Fitrat’s legal-philosophical views on the status and functions of ... more This article explores Abdurauf Fitrat’s legal-philosophical views on the status and functions of judges (qozis) within Islamic and national legal traditions. It highlights Fitrat’s critique of judicial corruption and his advocacy for justice, equality, and human rights as fundamental principles of governance. The study demonstrates how Fitrat’s progressive ideas anticipated modern legal reforms in Uzbekistan, emphasizing the judiciary’s duty to protect citizens’ rights and freedoms. His insights remain relevant for contemporary legal practice, judicial ethics, and professional development in jurisprudence.

High-Order Linear Block Algorithm for Numerical Integration of Second-Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equations

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

This study presents a new third-derivative Linear Block Algorithm (LBA) for the numerical integra... more This study presents a new third-derivative Linear Block Algorithm (LBA) for the numerical integration of Volterra integro-differential equations of the second kind. Using the generalized linear multistep method and Computer Algebra System (CAS) support, a family of high-order block schemes was derived and expressed in continuous and discrete forms. The analytical properties of the new LBA scheme including order, error constant, consistency, zero-stability, convergence and region of absolute stability are rigorously examined. The new LBA scheme achieves a uniform order eight and demonstrates strong zero-stability, guaranteeing convergence according to Dahlquist’s theorem. Furthermore, the region of absolute stability was sketched using the boundary locus method and it was found to be A-stable. Numerical experiments on both linear and nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations reveal that the new LBA scheme produces highly accurate results, often matching exact solutions up to machine precision. When compared with established methods such as Adams-Bashforth-Moulton, Generalized Backward Differentiation Formulas, block multistep methods and classical quadrature rules, the new LBA scheme exhibits superior accuracy and enhanced stability across all numerical examples. These results confirm the efficiency, robustness and reliability of the newly developed third-derivative LBA scheme for solving Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind.

AI-driven Blockchain Framework for Digital Transformation of Academic Accreditation Process: A Saudi Arabian Perspective

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Academic accreditation in Saudi Arabia faces challenges related to manual processes, data fragmen... more Academic accreditation in Saudi Arabia faces challenges related to manual processes, data fragmentation, transparency issues, and time-intensive evaluations. This study proposes an innovative AI-Driven Blockchain-based Accreditation Framework (AI-BAF) to digitally transform the academic accreditation process in alignment with Saudi Vision 2030. The framework integrates artificial intelligence for automated quality assessment, blockchain technology for secure credential verification, and cloud-based analytics for real-time monitoring. We evaluate the proposed model against traditional accreditation systems and contemporary digital solutions using datasets from various places. Results demonstrate a 73% reduction in processing time, 89% improvement in data accuracy, and enhanced stakeholder satisfaction (92%). The framework addresses critical gaps in current accreditation practices while providing scalability, transparency, and compliance with academic accreditation & assessment standards. This research contributes a comprehensive digital transformation roadmap for higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region.

Critical Analysis of Microwave Heating Mechanisms in Carbon Quantum Dot Synthesis

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

The unique characteristics of carbon quantum dots (CQDs), including their high water solubility, ... more The unique characteristics of carbon quantum dots (CQDs), including their high water solubility, outstanding photostability, programmable photoluminescence, and non-toxicity, have made them a very promising family of nanomaterials. Under the bottom-up technique, microwave-assisted synthesis has drawn a lot of interest among different synthesis methodologies since it is quick, more greener and energy-efficient. This method produces CQDs with improved quantum yield, tunable emission wavelength and a greater yield and purity by allowing for homogeneous heating, shorter reaction periods, fewer side reactions. The size, shape, surface functionalization, and emission properties of the CQDs are all significantly influenced by the precursor selection, especially with regard to amino acids and carbohydrates. The mechanism of microwave heating are highlighted such as dipole and interfacial polarization as well as resistive or conduction heating as well as mechanism of microwave losses are discussed such as dielectric, conduction, and magnetic losses. The study also examines the benefits and drawbacks of alternative techniques, including hydrothermal, pyrolysis, combustion, and template approaches, in comparison to microwave synthesis. The impact of precursor chemistry and reaction parameters on the level of carbonization and surface characteristics is also covered. Despite obstacles including uneven heating and scalability problems, microwave-assisted synthesis provides an environmentally friendly, effective, and adaptable path to CQDs that can be used for a variety of bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronic applications.

Mathematical Modeling of HIV Transmission Dynamics: Incorporating Treatment and Removal as Control Strategies

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

This study develops and analyzes a modified mathematical model to examine the transmission dynami... more This study develops and analyzes a modified mathematical model to examine the transmission dynamics of HIV, emphasizing treatment and removal as control strategies. Extending the susceptible-infectious (SI) model by Odebiyu et al. (2024), the developed framework incorporates additional compartments for exposed, asymptomatic, symptomatic, treated and removed individuals, thereby offering a more comprehensive representation of HIV progression. The analytical investigation establishes the existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of the model’s solutions, ensuring their biological relevance. Both the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium points are derived, while the basic reproduction number R₀ is computed using the next-generation matrix approach. The results reveal that effective treatment and timely removal of infected individuals significantly reduce R₀ and can halt disease persistence if R₀ < 1. The findings highlight the importance of treatment accessibility, removal of infectious individuals through recovery or death and sustained screening programs in curtailing HIV spread. The model offers valuable insights to policymakers and public health stakeholders, particularly in high-prevalence regions, where integrated strategies remain essential for controlling and eventually eliminating HIV.

Blockchain-Enabled Federated Learning Framework for Secure and Collaborative Drug Discovery: Integrating AI, Molecular Docking, and Distributed Ledger Technology

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Drug discovery faces critical challenges including data silos, intellectual property concerns, co... more Drug discovery faces critical challenges including data silos, intellectual property concerns, computational bottlenecks, and reproducibility issues that significantly impede the development of novel therapeutics. This research proposes a novel Blockchain-enabled Federated Learning Framework for Drug Discovery (BFLD) that integrates distributed ledger technology, federated machine learning, and molecular docking simulations to create a secure, transparent, and collaborative ecosystem for pharmaceutical research. Our framework addresses key limitations in traditional drug discovery pipelines by enabling multi-institutional collaboration without compromising proprietary data, ensuring immutable audit trails for compound screening results, and accelerating hit-to-lead optimization through decentralized computing. We evaluate BFLD using datasets from 12 pharmaceutical research institutions, encompassing 2.4 million molecular compounds and 847 protein targets. Results demonstrate a 68% reduction in lead compound identification time, 91% improvement in data provenance tracking, and 94% stakeholder confidence in intellectual property protection. The framework achieves 89.7% accuracy in toxicity prediction through federated learning models while maintaining complete data privacy. Smart contracts automate licensing agreements and ensure equitable attribution of discoveries across participating institutions. This research establishes a paradigm shift toward decentralized, trustless pharmaceutical innovation aligned with open science principles while protecting commercial interests.

Environmental Determinants of Transformer Noise and Particulate Emissions: Implications for Community Health in Ughelli North, Delta State, Nigeria

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

This study evaluates environmental noise and air quality conditions surrounding electrical transf... more This study evaluates environmental noise and air quality conditions surrounding electrical transformer installations in Ughelli North Local Government Area (LGA), Delta State, Nigeria. Using a structured questionnaire and in situ environmental monitoring, data were gathered to assess community awareness, subjective experience, and ambient environmental parameters. Respondents exhibited a balanced demographic spread across gender, age, and occupation, with 97.1% acknowledging awareness of nearby transformers. Although 70.5% reported rarely hearing noise from these installations, 24.5% experienced disturbances in daily activities, indicating localised acoustic impacts. A substantial majority (over 70%) agreed that environmental factors influence transformer noise propagation, particularly wind speed, followed by humidity and geography. However, 85% of respondents were unaware of existing mitigation measures, highlighting a gap in infrastructural communication and policy outreach. Environmental measurements revealed mean ambient temperatures of 30.42 ± 0.59°C (morning), 30.28 ± 0.55°C (afternoon), and 29.93 ± 0.41°C (evening), with no statistically significant variation. Relative humidity showed significant diurnal differences (p < 0.05), peaking in the morning at 72.52 ± 1.93%. Noise levels across the day remained consistently high (63–65 dB), exceeding WHO thresholds for residential zones. Particulate matter concentrations varied across particle sizes (PM₀.₃ to PM₁₀.₀), with notable peaks in the morning and evening due to anthropogenic and meteorological influences. PM₀.₃ and PM₅.₀ displayed significant diurnal differences (p < 0.05), while PM₁.₀ and PM₁₀.₀ did not. Findings underscore the need for environmental management strategies including the implementation of noise barriers, adoption of noise-absorbing materials, and regulatory enforcement. Furthermore, the persistent elevation in fine particulate matter across several time points necessitates public health interventions such as air quality monitoring, public sensitisation, and transformer siting policies. Overall, the study reveals both perceptual and empirical evidence of environmental stressors linked to transformer installations, with implications for energy planning and public health in rural and semi-urban Nigerian settings.

The Interpretation of the Ideas of Spiritual Education, Social Harmony, and Justice in Ibn Arabi’s Views

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

This article analyzes the role and influence of Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi during the 12th-13th centurie... more This article analyzes the role and influence of Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi during the 12th-13th centuries, a period marked by the widespread dissemination of Sufism and the emergence of new Sufi orders. This great thinker grew up in al-Andalus and traveled to regions such as North Africa, Egypt, the Hijaz, the Levant, and Anatolia, assimilating diverse cultural and scholarly traditions. The study employs historical-philosophical, source-based, and comparative methods to examine the metaphysical and socio-philosophical ideas presented in Ibn Arabi’s works, including “al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya” and “Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam”. Furthermore, his concepts of moral accountability (“mukallaflik”), justice, and spiritual education are shown to be relevant both within the religious-educational debates of his time and in contemporary society. Additionally, the article illuminates Ibn Arabi’s philosophy within its historical context and scientifically demonstrates his contributions to socio-political thought.

Nano-enhanced Phase Change Materials for Efficient Thermal Energy Storage and Cooling in Solar Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) have also appeared as viable alternatives for enhan... more Nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) have also appeared as viable alternatives for enhancing thermal energy storage (TES) and cooling effectiveness in solar systems. The addition of nanoparticles to phase change materials (PCMs) increases thermal conductivity, facilitates faster heat transfer, and suppresses supercooling, thus overcoming some major drawbacks of traditional PCMs. The review herein focuses on the mechanisms, synthesis procedures, and thermal characteristics of NePCMs, with special reference to their application in solar thermal energy storage and cooling. Recent developments in nanoparticle selection, dispersion stability, and encapsulation methods are highlighted, in addition to system-level integration approaches for solar collectors and photovoltaic cooling. Challenges including cost, long-term reliability, and environmental issues are also evaluated. The review is completed with future research directions to enhance NePCMs for effective and sustainable use of solar energy.

Adaptation and performance evaluation of low-head Archimedes screw-type turbine for power generation

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR), 2025

The study of Archimedes screw turbine as a micro-hydro power plant is being developed in this dec... more The study of Archimedes screw turbine as a micro-hydro power plant is being developed in this decade. Screw turbine has some advantages, namely no need draft tube, are fish-friendly, and can be operated in a low head (H<10 m). This research aims to adapt and evaluate the performance of the Archimedes screw turbine. Geometrical shapes are three blades, a screw angle of 30°, and a pitch of 2Ro. Water discharge 0.0664 m3/s, 0.0498 m3/s, and 0.0332 m3/s and slope 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° were considered as an independent parameter whereas rpm from the turbine screw shaft which was upgraded by pulley ratio, power, and voltage was considered as the dependent variable. From the result of the experimental data, the highest rotation of the screw turbine occurs at a flow rate of 0.0664 m3/s, and the shaft slope 20o was 95 rpm. The largest screw power occurs in the turbine shaft’s slope (α) of 20o in the amount of 136.2 watt at 0.0664 m3/s. The highest generator voltage occurs at the discharge of 0.0664 m3/s, and angle of inclination 20o, which is 200V. The highest efficiency was 71% which occurs at 10° inclination and the discharge of 0.0664 m3/s. The results of this study indicate that to obtain maximum voltage and power, flow conditions must be maintained at the highest water discharge conditions; even the efficiency obtained is not the maximum value.

Review of OMAD and LCHF Approaches for Obesity-Associated Type 2 Diabetes Management

by IIJSR Journal and Dr. Rahul D . Choudhury

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

The rise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) linked to obesity in adults worldwide calls for more ... more The rise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) linked to obesity in adults worldwide calls for more potential nutritional therapies than the traditional dietary strategies that emphasize regular meals and a balanced intake of macronutrients. The primary goal of this systematic review paper is to assess whether One Meal A Day (OMAD) and Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet (LCHF) diets have different metabolic outcomes. Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar following PRISMA 2020 standards. Cohort studies, clinical trials, and randomized controlled trials including individuals (≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes and obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) that reported outcomes like HbA1c, fasting glucose, BMI, or insulin needs and had a minimum intervention time of four weeks were all eligible for this review. 26 studies fulfilled the requirements of the inclusion criteria. HbA1c (0.8-1.5%, p<.05), BMI (1.5-3.8 kg/m2), fasting glucose (17-37 mg/dL), and intrahepatic fat were all significantly decreased by LCHF diets. OMAD improved body composition and glycaemic control among adults. Psychological difficulties and nutrient shortage were observed, especially with prolonged adherence. Both the OMAD and LCHF diets demonstrated improving metabolic outcomes in T2DM linked to obesity in adults, outperforming traditional dietary strategies in terms of weight reduction and short-term glycaemic control. Long-term adherence of subjects, vitamin deficiency among them, and various psychological effects, however, are still issues that call for customized use under medical supervision and further research.

Humanistic Ideas in the Socio-Anthropological Views of Alisher Navoi

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

This article explores the humanistic ideas embedded in the socio-anthropological views of Alisher... more This article explores the humanistic ideas embedded in the socio-anthropological views of Alisher Navoi. Through deep analysis of Navoi’s works such as Khairatul-Abror and Mahbub ul-Qulub, the study highlights how virtues like honesty, generosity, justice, and modesty serve as foundations of human dignity and social harmony. Drawing parallels with the teachings of other great thinkers such as Jalaluddin Rumi, Bahauddin Naqshband, and Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani, the article emphasizes the spiritual, ethical, and intellectual responsibilities of individuals in shaping a just society. The role of human consciousness, self-awareness, and moral behavior in determining one’s destiny is also underscored.

A Comprehensive Study on the Protection of Business Information in the Indian Digital Ecosystem

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

In today's digital age, the protection of business information is of paramount importance. Organi... more In today's digital age, the protection of business information is of paramount importance. Organisations face numerous challenges in safeguarding their sensitive data from unauthorised access, data breaches, and other forms of cyber threats. The consequences of information loss or compromise can be severe, leading to financial losses, reputational damage, and legal liabilities. Therefore, it is imperative for organisations to adopt effective strategies and measures to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their business information. In the rapidly evolving digital landscape of India, the protection of business information has emerged as a critical concern for organisations across various sectors. With the country's ambitious digital transformation initiatives and the growing reliance on technology, businesses face unique challenges and risks when it comes to safeguarding their valuable information. Thus, the study of the protection of business information in India is of utmost importance to ensure the security and integrity of sensitive data. The objectives of the research is To analyse the effectiveness of existing data protection strategies and policies, To analyse the impact of data breaches or security incidents on the reputation of business organisations and To propose recommendations and best practices for enhancing the protection of business information. The research method followed is empirical Research. A total of 201 samples were taken from the general public through convenient sampling. The primary source of information was taken from the general public in the form of a survey method. The secondary sources of information were from journal articles, books and reports of presidency non-governmental organisations. This paper concludes that as India continues its digital journey, prioritising the protection of business information is vital for sustainable growth and success.

format_quoteIndia has seen a significant rise in cybercrime incidents, necessitating robust security measures.format_quote

The role of Deficit Irrigation in Enhancing Water Use Efficiency in garlic (Allium sativum) Production, Central Ethiopia's Tiyo District

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Water scarcity poses a growing threat to agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions ... more Water scarcity poses a growing threat to agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions like Central Ethiopia. This study evaluated the role of deficit irrigation (DI) and furrow irrigation systems in enhancing water use efficiency (WUE) and maintaining garlic (Allium sativum L.) yield under limited water conditions. A field experiment was conducted in the Tiyo District, comparing four irrigation levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 55% of crop evapotranspiration, ETc) across three furrow irrigation systems: conventional (CFI), alternate (AFI), and fixed (FFI). The study followed a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments replicated three times. Results revealed that the highest yield (9862.4 kg/ha) was achieved under CFI100%ETc, while the highest irrigation water use efficiency (28.64 kg/mm) was recorded under AFI100%ETc. Moderate deficit irrigation (85% and 70% ETc) under AFI significantly improved both crop water productivity and water savings without a statistically significant yield loss. These findings demonstrate that AFI combined with moderate DI can optimize water use and sustain garlic production in water-scarce areas. The study provides evidence-based recommendations for improving irrigation practices to enhance agricultural productivity and resilience in regions experiencing water stress.

Network Intrusion Management of Web Form Spamming using Blockchain

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

Web form spamming is a growing cybersecurity threat that disrupts digital services and compromise... more Web form spamming is a growing cybersecurity threat that disrupts digital services and compromises data integrity. Traditional defenses like CAPTCHA are increasingly ineffective against sophisticated bots. This study proposes a blockchain-based framework for managing network intrusion caused by web form spam. By leveraging smart contracts and micro-incentivization through token deposits, the system validates legitimate submissions and discourages malicious activity. A comparative experiment between CAPTCHA-only and blockchain-enabled systems demonstrates significant improvement in spam detection accuracy and user experience, with minor latency trade-offs. The results highlight blockchain’s potential as a secure, transparent, and decentralized solution for web form spam prevention.

format_quoteExperiment results show blockchain-enabled systems significantly improve spam detection accuracy and user experience, despite minor latency trade-offs.format_quote

On-Farm Evaluation and Verification of Engine Driven Harvester

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

In Ethiopia harvesting of cereal crops is one of the major attentive agricultural operations in a... more In Ethiopia harvesting of cereal crops is one of the major attentive agricultural operations in agriculture production, which demands considerable amount of Labours. The availability and cost of labour during wheat crop harvesting season are serious problems. It is therefore, essential to adopt appropriate harvesting machinery is urgently needed to reduce labor and production costs so that the timeliness in harvesting operation could be ensured and field losses are minimized to increase production on the farm. In this study, performance of walking behind reaper used for wheat harvesting was assessed and compared with manual harvesting using sickle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance of walking behind reaper at farmer’s field. The results showed that the actual field capacity of the reaper was found as 0.072 ha/h with a field efficiency of 66.90% per cent at an average operating speed of 2.15 km/h. The fuel consumption was observed as 1.09 l/h. The harvesting cost of reaper was 46.93% less as compared with manual harvesting. The overall performance of power reaper for wheat harvesting was found satisfactory.

The Role of National-Cultural Centers in Ensuring Peace (Social-Philosophical Analysis)

Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research (IIJSR) , 2025

It is shown that national-cultural centers are public organizations that serve to satisfy the nat... more It is shown that national-cultural centers are public organizations that serve to satisfy the national cultural needs of representatives of a particular nationality living in Uzbekistan. It is studied that by opening their own cultural centers, representatives of different nationalities living in our country have the opportunity to preserve the cultural heritage of their nation, which has been passed down from generation to generation for centuries, and to inform representatives of other nationalities about it. The role and importance of national-cultural centers in ensuring peace is also highlighted and a philosophical analysis is made.

format_quoteThe research employs various methodologies, including dialectical analysis and comparative methods, to study cultural centers' roles.format_quote