Volume 1 Issue 1 by IJOEST Journal
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2026
Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of th... more Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of the study. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. Transparency: The authors affirm that this manuscript presents an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study. All essential aspects have been included, and any deviations from the original study plan have been clearly explained. The writing process strictly adhered to established ethical standards.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2026
Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of th... more Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of the study. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. Transparency: The authors affirm that this manuscript presents an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study. All essential aspects have been included, and any deviations from the original study plan have been clearly explained. The writing process strictly adhered to established ethical standards.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2026
Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of th... more Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of the study. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. Transparency: The authors affirm that this manuscript presents an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study. All essential aspects have been included, and any deviations from the original study plan have been clearly explained. The writing process strictly adhered to established ethical standards.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2026
Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of th... more Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of the study. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. Transparency: The authors affirm that this manuscript presents an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study. All essential aspects have been included, and any deviations from the original study plan have been clearly explained. The writing process strictly adhered to established ethical standards.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of th... more Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of the study. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. Transparency: The authors affirm that this manuscript presents an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study. All essential aspects have been included, and any deviations from the original study plan have been clearly explained. The writing process strictly adhered to established ethical standards.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of th... more Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of the study. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. Transparency: The authors affirm that this manuscript presents an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study. All essential aspects have been included, and any deviations from the original study plan have been clearly explained. The writing process strictly adhered to established ethical standards.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of th... more Authors' Contributions: Each author made an equal contribution to the conception and design of the study. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. Transparency: The authors affirm that this manuscript presents an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study. All essential aspects have been included, and any deviations from the original study plan have been clearly explained. The writing process strictly adhered to established ethical standards.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
The construction chemical industry has become an essential part of modern infrastructure developm... more The construction chemical industry has become an essential part of modern infrastructure development, offering solutions that increase durability, strength, and efficiency. Redwop Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., a leading company in this sector, provides a wide range of products such as tile adhesives, sealants, waterproofing compounds, and epoxy resins. This research aims to understand customer preferences, evaluate awareness regarding hazardous chemical usage, and analyze the gap between consumer expectations and the actual service/performance delivered by the company. A survey-based approach was used to collect primary data from various industry participants, including retailers, distributors, engineers, architects, and contractors. The purpose of the study is to provide insights that can help Redwop Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. enhance service quality, strengthen customer relationships, and improve product offerings based on real customer perceptions.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
CubeSats suffer from limitations in power and processing capacity, often leading developers with ... more CubeSats suffer from limitations in power and processing capacity, often leading developers with limited options in implementing data security measures thereby increasing the vulnerability to data breaches and unauthorized access. These attacks negatively affected CubeSat operations or caused losing control over CubeSats in orbit; therefore, recent missions have prioritized the implementation of security measures, with data encryption being the most common method to defend against eavesdropping, and authentication protocols to prevent unauthorized access. This study presents an application of a Fuzzy Logic-based Authentication module to enhance CubeSats' security with minimal strain on the processing power of the Command and Data Handling System (CDHS) and without the need of additional hardware, targeting missions with constrained budgets relying solely on Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware. The module addresses cyber-attacks by analyzing the typing pattern transmitted during the initial communication, in addition to the username and password, such that authenticated users are granted access to the CubeSat. The success criteria defined in this study were based on two primary elements: (1) granting access to authenticated users with accurate credentials and (2) denying access for any user attempting impersonation, regardless of providing correct credentials. During initial testing, the algorithm achieved a 97% success rate in authenticating legitimate users, while maintaining an average 95% success rate in detecting impersonation attempts. These results will be verified after the launch of the CubeSat, where the algorithm will undergo further testing in real-time operations, as its performance is influenced by operators' behavior, which can vary significantly during actual use.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Traditional arms race models often assume that countries possess unlimited resources, leading to ... more Traditional arms race models often assume that countries possess unlimited resources, leading to predictions of perpetual increases in military power. This paper introduces a new model incorporating the concept of carrying capacity, representing the maximum level of military strength that can be sustained. By integrating this idea, the model provides a more realistic way for analysing arms races, accounting for resource constraints and sustainability. The study examines both the classical and Richardson-Arms race models, applying them to defence expenditure data for Russia and Ukraine from 1994 to 2021. It identifies equilibrium points and assesses the stability of each model. Additionally, the Arms Race Model is modified to account for war scenarios, and its equilibrium points are analysed.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Accurate forecasting of climate extremes such as floods, heatwaves, and severe storms is vital fo... more Accurate forecasting of climate extremes such as floods, heatwaves, and severe storms is vital for risk mitigation and climate resilience planning. Traditional statistical models often fail to capture the nonlinear dynamics and tail dependencies inherent in such events. This paper proposes a novel hybrid framework that integrates Extreme Value Theory (EVT) with Deep Generative Models (DGMs), specifically Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), for probabilistic modeling and simulation of rare climate phenomena. EVT is employed to model the marginal distributions of extreme events using the Generalized Pareto and Generalized Extreme Value distributions. Meanwhile, DGMs learn latent representations from highdimensional climate data and synthesize realistic, tail-aware samples. The proposed model captures both the statistical rigor of EVT and the expressive power of deep learning. Empirical evaluations are conducted using ERA5 reanalysis and satellite datasets, focusing on extreme precipitation and temperature anomalies across diverse regions. Results show that the hybrid EVT-DGM framework significantly improves tail risk estimation, return level prediction, and generative quality compared to conventional models. This approach provides a robust tool for data-driven climate risk forecasting under uncertainty.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Convincing use cases and reliable empirical values are essential for the construction industry an... more Convincing use cases and reliable empirical values are essential for the construction industry and its decision-makers to face the questions and challenges of digital transformation and to shape their own digital strategy. In fact, a connection has been identified between the increasing acceptance of digitization in construction companies and the innovative creation of use cases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the evidence that will greatly facilitate the development of such an innovation scenario and ensure even wider adoption. The study critically questions whether the perception of the construction industry as one that is lagging behind digitization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is realistic or not, or whether the industry is rather a driver of a sustainable digital age. The study used structured literature analysis and interviews with corporate best practices. The analysis and evaluation of the database follow the Hermeneutic Approach. Overall, this research led to the new aspects that underpin a convincing innovation scenario contributing to the broader use of digital methods and AI. With new findings, this study adds value to scientific literature and is evidence of the industry's leadership. Motivation/Background: The holistic approach from the perspective of a Civil Engineer, examining Construction 5.0, its related success factor and compass for socially sustainable construction and fulfillment of sustainability goals and ESG, may add value to your academic reading community. This manuscript is part of the author`s larger scientific research work "CDR in Construction in-line with ESG and SDGs". Method: The study for this original article applies the so-called "Next Generation"-Method. It recognizes both challenges and limitations of digital transformation and the related human factors followed by normative questions. But it also deepens the holistic understanding of the explosive power and potential of new technologies such as AI catalyzing the construction branch into a more resilient, innovative one. Results: The aim of this work is to assess such an innovative scenario and ensure even wider adoption. The study critically questions whether the perception of the construction industry as one that is lagging behind digitization and AI is realistic or not, or whether the industry is rather a driver of a sustainable digital age. Conclusions: The paperΒ΄s discussion offers new aspects of this new scientific niche, to add value to scientific research. Furthermore, this paper aims to fully capture a new approach to assess the construction branchΒ΄s innovation strategy with a practicable framework for increasing both societal and corporate sustainability. The paper consists in a connection between a discovery, new scientific findings and its practical application.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
When oil is spilled at sea it normally spreads out and moves on the sea surface under the influen... more When oil is spilled at sea it normally spreads out and moves on the sea surface under the influence of the wind and current while undergoing a number of chemical and physical changes. These processes are collectively termed weathering and determine the behavior of the oil. An oil spill is the release of the liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, as a result of human activity and other factors as equipment failures, human errors, willful damage to equipment and oil installations etc. Oil is the most common pollutant of the marine environment. The behavior of spilled oil depends on the oil properties and the environmental conditions. It is very important to recognize the dynamic nature of spilled oil because the properties of spilled oil can change over time. It is important to monitor the continuous changes in the properties of the spilled oil, as response strategies may have to be modified to suit the current changes in oil behavior. The properties of crude or refined oils vary in their physical and chemical characteristics. These characteristics affect their volatility, toxicity, weathering rate and persistency. Oil spills have a devastating and long term impact on waterways and coastal areas around the world. Seabirds are frequently affected by offshore oil spills. Spills can severely harm turtle eggs and damage fish larvae, causing deformities. Shellfish and corals are particularly at risk since they cannot escape the runaway slick. Oil spills are also responsible for tainting algae, which perform a vital role in water ecosystems. Oil spills can be partially controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment and adsorption. As the world advances technologically, unfortunately accidents do happen and spills reoccur more frequently than we would like. A good knowledge and understanding of the types of oil, oil properties and the changes in the behavior of oil is very critical in effective response planning, strategies choices, execution and overall oil spill emergency response management in the marine ecosystems.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Traditional Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models rely on static assumptions (e.g., constant deman... more Traditional Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models rely on static assumptions (e.g., constant demand π·π·, fixed holding cost β), failing in volatile environments. This research advances dynamic inventory control through an AI-driven framework where: 1) Demand Forecasting: Machine learning (LSTM/GBRT) estimates time-varying demand: π·π·β = ππ (ππβ; ππ) + ππβ (ππβ: covariates like promotions, seasonality; ππβ: residuals) 2) Adaptive EOQ Optimization Reinforcement Learning (RL) dynamically solves the following optimization problem: min ππ π‘π‘ ,π π π‘π‘ πΌπΌ οΏ½οΏ½ π‘π‘ (β β
πΌπΌ π‘π‘ + + ππ β
πΌπΌ π‘π‘-+ ππ β
πΏπΏ(ππ π‘π‘))οΏ½ Subject to: πΌπΌ π‘π‘ = πΌπΌ π‘π‘-1 + ππ π‘π‘-π·π· π‘π‘ Where: β’ Q_t: Order quantity at time t β’ s_t: Reorder point at time t β’ h: Holding cost per unit β’ b: Backorder (shortage) cost per unit β’ k: Fixed ordering cost β’ Ξ΄(Q_t): Indicator function (1 if Q_t>0, else 0) β’ I_t^+: Inventory on hand (positive part of I_t) β’ I_t^-: Backordered inventory (negative part of I_t) β’ D_t: Demand at time t Validation was performed using sector-specific case studies. β’ Pharma: Perishability constraint πΌπΌββΊ β€ ππ (ππ: shelf-life) reduced waste by 27.3% β’ Retail: Promotion-driven demand volatility (ππΒ²(π·π·β) β 58%) mitigated, cutting stockouts by 34.8% Automotive: RL optimized multi-echelon coordination, reducing shortage costs by 31.5%. The framework reduced total costs by 24.9% versus stochastic EOQ benchmarks. Key innovation: closed-loop control where ππβ = RL(π π π π π π π π π π β) adapts to real-time supply-chain states.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
This study focuses on analyzing the queueing system at the Atal Bridge, Ahmedabad to understand a... more This study focuses on analyzing the queueing system at the Atal Bridge, Ahmedabad to understand and improve its operational efficiency. The bridge's functioning is divided into two main parts: the ticket window and the bridge visit. Primary data, including arrival rates and service times, were collected through direct observation. The collected data was analyzed to determine its distribution, which was used to construct a suitable queueing model. Using this queueing model, a numerical analysis was performed to identify the causes of crowding and delays in the system. Moreover, the performance measures of weekdays (Monday to Friday) and weekends (Saturday and Sunday) were compared in the analysis to highlight differences in crowd patterns and system efficiency. The results of this analysis provide valuable insights into how the system can be improved to reduce waiting times and enhance the overall visitor experience. This research highlights the practical application of queueing theory in managing pedestrian flow and improving the efficiency of public infrastructure like the Atal Bridge.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
This paper compares the different peak hour values (a reference for infrastructure planning) at r... more This paper compares the different peak hour values (a reference for infrastructure planning) at regional airports under concession in Brazil. This assessment is based on the different criteria proposed by international entities, regulatory agencies and the concession contract itself. These criteria are applied to two regional airports under concession in the State of SΓ£o Paulo. The main results indicate that the use of the criteria of the current regional airport concession contracts to calculate peak hour leads to an underestimation of airport facilities, which becomes worse as the airport's regular traffic decreases, leading to a service level much lower than expected at a concessioned airport.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
The building sector is found to be one of the biggest consumers of energy and emitter of GHG gase... more The building sector is found to be one of the biggest consumers of energy and emitter of GHG gases. Considering the whole life-cycle of the building, the 'operation phase' constitutes most of the emission. With a goal to investigate the quantitative and qualitative parameters of Household Carbon Footprint, this paper sets research boundaries as study of CO2 emission from the operation phase of a multi-storied and multi-tenement residential building in the urban area of Newtown, beside Kolkata, in India. The aims of the study are-1) identification of causes or sources of emission in a residential building and 2) finding a logical and scientific strategy and method for quantification of CO2 emitted. The sources of emission from residential buildings are identified as-electricity usage, fuel (LPG) usage for cooking, fuel (Petrol) usage for vehicle idling time inside the building premises, respiration by residents and potable water consumption. Study of existing literature shows that there are gaps in research methods and end results due to wide variations in selection of sources of emission, application of different methods for quantification and choice of different coefficients of CO2 emission and related factors by different agencies and research papers. This paper searches for coefficients, factors and standards which are more local, recent and apt and tries to find exact application of such energy by end-users. The quantification results show that approximately 59.88% of the total CO2 emission from a multi-storied multitenement urban residential building is from consumption of electricity, 20.49% from respiration, 10.27% from consumption of LPG for cooking, 5.36% from water consumption and lastly 3.99% from petrol consumption by automobiles owned by the residents.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
Charge recombination is known to decrease a solar cell's efficiency. SRH recombination, which is ... more Charge recombination is known to decrease a solar cell's efficiency. SRH recombination, which is always present in a solar cell, is, thus, a candidate about which knowledge must be extracted. SRH recombination affects the dark current, the photocurrent and, thus, the total current of a solar cell. To find the SRH recombination times, elaborate numerical simulations must be done and the experimental solar cell data must be curve fitted to the simulation results. This is a lengthy and detailed procedure. In this work, a simple and short method is proposed. A GaAs PIN solar cell is simulated and its photocurrent's slope (vs. voltage) is seen to show a peak which decreases with decreasing recombination times. A plot is given, from which the recombination time can be easily read by knowing the photocurrent's slope's peak value. This peak value can be easily found from the solar cell's experimentally measured data.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
If we consider the Cobb-Douglas production function at both the micro and macro levels, we will s... more If we consider the Cobb-Douglas production function at both the micro and macro levels, we will see that the added value generated depends on capital and labor, as well as technology. Since the product generated in the construction sector itself often plays the role of capital for other sectors, the mechanism of the impact of this sector on economic development is related to the formation of capital and the creation of new jobs. In the previous paragraphs, we focused on the added value or product volume generated in the construction sector itself and the impact of these products on GDP growth, as well as on the level of welfare. However, it should be borne in mind that the added value generated by the construction sector, regardless of its form, is intended for the long term and is aimed at economic development and improving welfare in the long term. For example, housing construction has been of great importance in improving people's welfare for decades. Irrigation systems aimed at the development of the agricultural sector play the main capital role in increasing productivity in this sector for the long term.
International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies, 2025
The Vietnamese pharmaceutical industry has rapidly evolved into one of Southeast Asia's most dyna... more The Vietnamese pharmaceutical industry has rapidly evolved into one of Southeast Asia's most dynamic markets, driven by economic growth, healthcare demand, and global integration. With this expansion comes a critical need for effective leadership models that align with both organisational objectives and deeply rooted cultural values. This paper systematically reviews leadership theories with a particular focus on the Full Range Leadership Model (FRLM) to assess its applicability and integration into the Vietnamese pharmaceutical sector. Drawing from transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership paradigms, the FRLM provides a comprehensive framework to navigate the industry's operational and strategic challenges. This review identifies the strong alignment between transformational and servant leadership styles and Vietnam's collectivist, hierarchical culture, which emphasises harmony, respect for authority, and long-term relationships. Conversely, transactional leadership is recognised for ensuring operational compliance and structure, particularly within supply chain and quality assurance processes. Laissez-faire leadership, while potentially fostering autonomy, is cautioned against due to the high stakes of regulatory compliance and safely in pharmaceuticals. The paper synthesises a breadth of scholarly and industry sources, revealing that most Vietnamese pharmaceutical firms are adopting hybrid leadership approaches that combine motivational and performance-driven styles. Recommendations are provided for leadership development programs that reflect Vietnam's cultural context while embracing global standards and innovative practices. The paper concludes that the FRLM-particularly its transformational and transactional dimensions hold significant potential to enhance leadership effectiveness, workforce satisfaction, and industry sustainability.
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Volume 1 Issue 1 by IJOEST Journal