Professor B I S H N U PATHAK, PhD
Bishnu Pathak is a transnational student specializing in peace, conflict, human rights, human security, and transitional justice studies. He has served as a board member at the world’s first online TRANSCEND Peace University for 20 years, working closely under the supervision of Professor Johan Galtung, a pioneer in peace and conflict studies worldwide. Professor Pathak’s journey to peace was mentored and inspired by Galtung, leading him to make significant contributions to conflict transformation through peaceful means. In 2004, Pathak earned a Ph.D. in interdisciplinary “Conflict Management and Human Rights” from Tribhuvan University, with support from The Danish Centre for Human Rights in Copenhagen through a DANIDA fellowship.
Despite facing challenges, Pathak has authored 150 international books and papers. Some of his notable works include “Politics of People’s War and Human Rights in Nepal” (2005), “India-Pakistan Escalation of Conflict: Promoting Positive Peace Through a Bottom -up Approach” (2025a), “Magna Carta of Peace” (2025b), “Perpetual Peace by Johan Galtung” (2024a), “Gandhian Spherons: India/Nepal Return to the Varnas Peace World Leadership” (2024b), “Generations of Transitional Justice in the World” (2019), “Nuremberg Tribunal: A Precedent for Victor’s Justice” (2021a), “The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II” (2021b), “The Nepal Compact: Potential for Cold War II” (2022a), “Negotiation by Peaceful Means: Nepo-India Territorial Disputes” (2022b), and “The Arts of Eastern Philosophy” (2023). His research paper on “Nepal’s 2008 Constituent Assembly Elections: Converting Bullets to Ballots” (2008) was published by the East-West Center, USA. Pathak’s publications have been referenced in 99 countries in sixty days, from August 9 to October 8, 2022 by Academia.edu (cf. below box).
Pathak’s works are guided by the principle of “I know that I do not know,” focusing on a “do no harm” approach in win-win or lose-lose game theory, which is evident in his conflict transformative works. He employs networking tracking methods and snowball techniques to gather, review, evaluate, and analyze information.
Pathak has innovated numerous peace models and is the creator of the Peace-Conflict Lifecycle. He is also the architect of a bottom-up peace approach, the founder of the principles of process documentation for humanitarian works, a pioneer in offering 12 different definitions of human rights, an innovator in the interfaith peacebuilding cycle, a developer of generations of transitional justice in the world, an initiator of the six-pillar theory of transitional justice, the writer of the Magna Carta of Peace, and a curriculum designer of Eastern Philosophy, among other accomplishments. His Peace-Conflict Lifecycle has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize consecutively from 2014 to 2019, being likened to an ecosystem.
Pathak is a dedicated advocate for peace prevailing on the earth. He has worked with the Disappearance Commission to seek truth and justice for victims and is involved in various worldwide organizations promoting respect, coexistence, harmony, and conflict resolution. Pathak believes in the power of connecting with people from all backgrounds to create positive change and inspire others to resolve conflicts by peaceful means.
Phone: +9779841345514
Address: House no. 9, Peace Colony, Kathmandu
Despite facing challenges, Pathak has authored 150 international books and papers. Some of his notable works include “Politics of People’s War and Human Rights in Nepal” (2005), “India-Pakistan Escalation of Conflict: Promoting Positive Peace Through a Bottom -up Approach” (2025a), “Magna Carta of Peace” (2025b), “Perpetual Peace by Johan Galtung” (2024a), “Gandhian Spherons: India/Nepal Return to the Varnas Peace World Leadership” (2024b), “Generations of Transitional Justice in the World” (2019), “Nuremberg Tribunal: A Precedent for Victor’s Justice” (2021a), “The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II” (2021b), “The Nepal Compact: Potential for Cold War II” (2022a), “Negotiation by Peaceful Means: Nepo-India Territorial Disputes” (2022b), and “The Arts of Eastern Philosophy” (2023). His research paper on “Nepal’s 2008 Constituent Assembly Elections: Converting Bullets to Ballots” (2008) was published by the East-West Center, USA. Pathak’s publications have been referenced in 99 countries in sixty days, from August 9 to October 8, 2022 by Academia.edu (cf. below box).
Pathak’s works are guided by the principle of “I know that I do not know,” focusing on a “do no harm” approach in win-win or lose-lose game theory, which is evident in his conflict transformative works. He employs networking tracking methods and snowball techniques to gather, review, evaluate, and analyze information.
Pathak has innovated numerous peace models and is the creator of the Peace-Conflict Lifecycle. He is also the architect of a bottom-up peace approach, the founder of the principles of process documentation for humanitarian works, a pioneer in offering 12 different definitions of human rights, an innovator in the interfaith peacebuilding cycle, a developer of generations of transitional justice in the world, an initiator of the six-pillar theory of transitional justice, the writer of the Magna Carta of Peace, and a curriculum designer of Eastern Philosophy, among other accomplishments. His Peace-Conflict Lifecycle has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize consecutively from 2014 to 2019, being likened to an ecosystem.
Pathak is a dedicated advocate for peace prevailing on the earth. He has worked with the Disappearance Commission to seek truth and justice for victims and is involved in various worldwide organizations promoting respect, coexistence, harmony, and conflict resolution. Pathak believes in the power of connecting with people from all backgrounds to create positive change and inspire others to resolve conflicts by peaceful means.
Phone: +9779841345514
Address: House no. 9, Peace Colony, Kathmandu
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Books by Professor B I S H N U PATHAK, PhD
peace (named in its title and summarized in its two-page conclusion),
twenty peacemakers from ten countries reveal the foundations of an
innovative macrosociological "Perpetual Peace Science." It was created
and verified during 20 years in the GGHA peacemaking volunteer
Academy by more than 700 coauthors from more than 50 countries,
including five Nobel laureates and the President of India Abdul Kalam.
This science of holistic, spheral thinking reveals the objective
laws, structures and constants of the internal harmony of the Earth three
nature’s spheres: physical, organic and social on the basis of their
common, planetary law of "Equal Necessity and Sufficient Spheres". It
is actualized, first, for the social nature as the Peace Science key subject.
It allows us to determine the objective social structures, actors and
adequate instruments of humanity’s perpetual peace as the scientific and
practical center of its existential imperative of survival in the complete
safety of all people. On this basis, the architecture of the spheral AI
model is built, surpassing the existing ones, as a universal tool of
perpetual peace for all, which everyone needs to learn and always.
a handful of elites, numbering a few thousand, control the world’s politics by using the power of money to influence mainstream parties, governments and their bureaucracies. By contrast, the great majority of poor urban and rural people have little capital. The ambitions and values of the handful of elites, and their ignorance of the needs of the poor, are a
stumbling block on the road to peacebuilding.
Moreover, INCB violence is gradually on the rise, and this trend will continue unless the gap between rich and poor is narrowed. All of South Asia is experiencing INCB armed violence, as the region fails to introduce an inclusive participatory liberal democracy. Intensifying violence most affects children, women and senior citizens, with innocent children becoming informers, spies, cooks, messengers, weapons-bearers or trauma patients instead of giving their attention to books and pens.
Just as the USA’s state mechanisms are influenced by oil corporations, weapons manufacturers, cigarette makers and pharmaceutical companies, Nepal’s peacebuilding initiatives are overshadowed by neighbours’ power, politics, rapid economic growth, sociocultural elements and its peoples. The peacebuilding process will only be concluded successfully when neighbouring authorities treat Nepal as an independent and sovereign...
South Asia is plagued by ICB social and political conflicts, with each country experiencing a unique pattern of conflict. India faces ideological, religious, and geographical tensions leading to armed violence, Sri Lanka grapples with secessionist movements, Pakistan deals with politico-military rule and tribal violence, Afghanistan struggles with ethnic and tribal conflicts exacerbated by international involvement in the war on terror, Bangladesh contends with conflicts between the majority Muslim population and minority Hindu communities, and Nepal faces ideological and ICB conflicts. Galtung's theoretical framework identifies four levels of conflict: internal conflicts within individuals or between individuals, conflicts between races, genders, generations, or social classes, conflicts between nations, and conflicts between civilizations or multi-state regions, all of which are evident in South Asia (more details, please link at Experiments with Peace: Celebrating Peace on Johan Galtung’s 80th Birthday)
Army or society is an end of peace process and second, the integration is a part of it’ are available in Nepal. The parties empowered by power, politics and property argue as former and majority of general people and other forces believe on latter. The differing opinions split the Maoists into two: UCPN (Maoist) and CPN (Maoist). The UCPN (Maoist) tilts with India and CPN (Maoist) at China. The differences in them divide parties into “A”, “B” and “C” classes much similar to what the Rana rulers had practices for 104 (1846-1950) years. The dissident-cum-competitive viewpoints amongst parties shadowed accord, agreements and understandings initiated from New Delhi in 2005. Thus, previous harmonious relations within them transforms into inharmony. It endangers the entire peace process inviting more fearful armed conflict and social-cultural violence than a decade old People’s War in Nepal.
socio-political transformation and intolerant leadership (Pathak 2005:1).
the existing national judicial mechanisms when national
courts failed to deliver justice and prosecution. It has a
wide jurisdiction to investigate the axiomatic truth –
recording human wrongdoings happened in the past,
identifying the indicted perpetrators of crimes and victims
of them at present and making the perpetrators
accountable for the prosperous future of the victim’s
children. This state-of-the-art paper is prepared to review
the voices of the former child soldiers (under the age of
18) recruited by the Maoist Army during the People’s War
in Nepal. The former child soldiers were used as
informers, porters, messengers, cookers, dancers and
among others. The United Nations Mission in Nepal
(UNMIN) verified a few thousands of child soldiers within
the Maoist Army. The former child soldiers suffered from
all concerned institutions.
First, the UNMIN seemed biased as it leveled short,
draft, thin and weak Maoist Army as child soldiers owing to experts’ anti-communist ideologue. Thus, it intensified
the issue of child soldiers in the international arena.
Second, the Government of Nepal violated the Peace
Accord in terms of children to be rescued and ensured
necessary assistance for their rehabilitation and
reintegration.
Third, opposition parties of the Maoists tried hard to
retaliate former child soldiers to curtail their influence.
Fourth, fearing to lose its activists, the Maoist party did
nothing to integrate and rehabilitate to them. Fifth, Truth
and Reconciliation Commission ignored to register the
complaints of the former child soldiers against article
2.J(9) under its Act 2014.
While the former child soldiers were neglected for
more than a decade, huge voices of them to file a case in
The Hague (ICC) against the former Maoist leaders have
been a high vocal beyond the borders. However, there is
no alternative left to sit for indirect/direct informal
(mediation-facilitation) and indirect/direct formal
dialogue to resolve the impasse. Justice and accountability
are today’s urgency in Nepal.
plight of female combatants by stating, “In order to be successful, DDR
initiatives must be based on a concrete understanding of who combatants are – women, men, girls, boys. Recent analyses of DDR processes from a gender perspective have highlighted that women combatants are often invisible and their needs are overlooked.”1 Peace-building processes are tailored to disarm combatants and reintegrate them into mainstream. The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programme in a post-conflict period is part of the process for political change ensuring justice and security for favourable changes in a conflict-ridden region. Is gender justice delivered through these programmes?
Prof. Pathak has been working as a Commissioner at the Commission for Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons for the sake of truth, justice and reparation for dignity. He is the Board Member at TRANSCEND Peace University, Petitioner to the UN for Total Disarmament, Vice President at the Global Harmony Association, and Founding Chairman at Peace and Conflict Studies Center.
He is the author of more than 100 international papers and has coauthored several books on human security, DDR-SSR, civil military relations, conflict transformation, peace, human rights, community policing, federalism, principles of harmony including Nepal’s 2008 Constituent Assembly Elections: Converting Bullets to Ballots, East-West Center Bulletin. His book Politics of People’s War and Human Rights in Nepal (2005) is a widely circulated volume. Many of his phenomenal publications are incorporated as references in different Universities across the globe.
Busy and dedicated schedules always keeps him in low innocent profile. He presents himself genuinely among the populace pursuing “do no harm” approach and follows either win-win or lose-lose game theory, especially reflected in his (conflict) transformative works. A generalist Prof. Pathak’s major ideas are measured through freedoms doctrine. He is committed to continue his exceptional contributions in future through unwavering teachings, researching, and writings for the universal social betterment. On top of that, his innovative analyses are mostly drawn from yesterday’s publications, experiencing intricacies today, and hopes for basic needs and freedoms met universe tomorrow. His entire works advocate for a world without war to ensure safety of children, men and women in schools, homes and jobs. His prime thrust is to liberate the people from injustice, inequity, indignity, insecurity, intolerance, inharmony, and inhibition which are found widespread in the society. Trans-disciplinary Prof. Pathak firmly believes that injustice happened anywhere is a struggle to justice everywhere.
Papers by Professor B I S H N U PATHAK, PhD