NIKESH Sharma

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Phone: 94189 73925
Address: Assistant Professor Department of Geography, Government College Nagrota Bagwan

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Papers by NIKESH Sharma

Selected Attribute of Households and Social Pattern: A Case Study of Ravi River Basin in Himachal Pradesh, India

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIFE SAFETY AND STABILITY (EJLSS) ISSN2660-9630, 2022

This paper is an attempt to analyse the social pattern of 87 villages located in Ravi River basin... more This paper is an attempt to analyse the social pattern of 87 villages located in Ravi River basin in Himachal Pradesh. These rural settlements totally depend upon particularly on primary activities and natural environment for their basic needs and income regeneration. The people of the present research area reside in the laps of nature. This study investigates nature and design of dwellings and social condition of these villages. Is geographical factors affects their household pattern? Where climatic conditions are very harsh due to mostly mountainous temperate climatic region? To answer these above following questions, field visit of the same area has been conducted. This research paper is descriptive in nature. Data were collected from the entire 87 villages through questionnaire, interviews, informal discussions and field observation. On the context of households, there were higher compositions of joint families rather than nuclear families. There is lack of adequate of social infrastructure such as education and health institutions. In this basin 83.68% surveyed Villages have educational facilities. The 77.76 % School's has Playground facility in Ravi River basin in Himachal Pradesh. In this basin only 43.39% Villages has Pucca Road facility due to dissected topography. It is found out from field work that only 27.87% surveyed Villages has Hospital or Dispensary facilities. In this basin about 71% people are involves in Agriculture/Horticulture activities and only 4.82 percent people are in government services. Only 11.11% people have various types of vehicles in this Basin. In this basin 92.40% people are engaged in primary and 7.46% people of this basin are engaged in tertiary activities. In this basin 45 percent houses are pucca, 38 percent mixed and 17 percent houses are kutcha type. In this basin 96.36% household have bathroom and toilet facilities. In Ravi basin 97.50% people belongs to Hindu Religion and 2.5 percent people of this basin have Muslim faith. In this basin 75.46 percent families have livestock in surveyed villages. The paper will be helpful in carrying out the further analysis and showing a way to improve existing socioeconomic conditions and household pattern rural settlement in high Himalayan mountainous region in Himachal Pradesh.

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Study of Spiritual Head and Major Departments Under Kashag of Buddhist Government in Exile in India

East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (EAJMR) Vol. 1, No. 8, 2022 : 1673-1684, 2022

This paper attempts to describe Buddhism from what has been learnt in the different religions in ... more This paper attempts to describe Buddhism from what has been learnt in the different religions in different sessions. It presents an introduction to the Buddhist spiritual head, major departments under Kashag and institutional departments of the Buddhist government in exile in India. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is the head of state and the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people. On 10 December, 1989, His Holiness was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Furthermore, it will discuss the spread of Buddhism and the diverse sects that developed in South and East Asia, including some of their core beliefs and practices. The discourse will then jump to Buddhism present in the Western world, specifically in the United States. The Kashag (Cabinet) is the apex executive organ of the Central Tibetan Administration, and its members are ministers of the CTA. The Charter of the Tibetans in Exile stipulates that the Kashag should have a maximum of eight members.

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A Morphometric Analysis of Ravi River Basin in Himachal Pradesh

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES Vol. 4, Issue 9, September, 2018 ISSN (Online): 2454-8499 Impact Factor: 1.3599(GIF), 0.679(IIFS), 2018

Morphometric analysis of the Ravi River basin in Himachal Pradesh is located in the Kangra and Ch... more Morphometric analysis of the Ravi River basin in Himachal Pradesh is located in the Kangra and Chamba Districts of the State of Himachal Pradesh. Analysis of various morphometric attributes is done to understand the geomorphological evolutionary stages of this basin. From the analysis, it was inferred that this basin is in a mature stage. The morphometric analysis is carried out through measurement of linear, aerial, and relief aspects of the basin and slope contribution to understand the runoff characteristics of the area and the potential of basin corrosion. The measurement of various morphometric parameters, namely stream order, stream length (Lu), mean stream length, bifurcation ratio, mean bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, and elongation ratio, has been carried out. Structural and geomorphological features control the directions of flow of the tributaries. Drainage morphometric analysis gives an overall view of the terrain information, like hydrological, lithological, slope, relief, variations in the watershed, groundwater recharge, porosity, soil characteristics, flood peak, rock resistance, permeability, and runoff intensity, and is useful for geological, hydrological, groundwater prospects, civil engineering, and environmental studies.

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Renewable Energy and Environmental Policy: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Policies Promoting Renewable Energy Adoption

CIRS PUBLICATION, 2026

The accelerating impacts of climate change, coupled with rising concerns over environmental degra... more The accelerating impacts of climate change, coupled with rising concerns over environmental degradation and long-term energy security, have positioned the transition from fossil fuel–based systems to renewable energy as a global imperative. In response, governments across
Developed and developing economies have introduced a wide array of environmental policy instruments aimed at fostering renewable energy adoption. These include market-based mechanisms such as feed-in tariffs, renewable portfolio standards, and competitive auctions, as well as fiscal tools like subsidies, tax incentives, and investment credits. This chapter provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of these policy interventions by examining their multidimensional impacts across economic, environmental, and social domains. Drawing upon comparative global experiences and empirical evidence, the analysis identifies
that well-designed policy frameworks significantly contribute to increased renewable energy capacity, cost reductions, technological innovation, and emissions mitigation [1, 6]. However, the outcomes of such policies vary considerably depending on contextual factors such as institutional strength, governance quality, financial infrastructure, and regional socio-economic conditions [4, 8]. The chapter further highlights persistent challenges, including policy uncertainty, infrastructural constraints, market distortions, and issues related to equity and access. The findings underscore that no single policy instrument is universally effective; rather, a hybrid and adaptive policy approach tailored to specific national and regional contexts yields the most sustainable outcomes. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of long-term policy stability. stakeholder participation, and integration of emerging technologies such as energy storage and smart grids [5, 9]. The chapter concludes by proposing strategic policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the efficiency, inclusiveness, and resilience of renewable energy transitions in the context of global sustainability goals [1].
Keywords: Renewable energy, environmental policy, sustainability, climate change, energy transition, policy effectiveness

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A socio economic study of Malan village of District kangra

This paper is an attempt to analyze the household attributes and socio-economic pattern of Malan ... more This paper is an attempt to analyze the household attributes and socio-economic pattern of Malan village, located in the Kangra Valley of Nagrota Bagwan tehsil, district Kangra. The people of the present research area reside in the lap of nature. This study investigates nature and design of
dwellings and socio-economic conditions of this village. This paper searches to unfold the question of how people survive in this Himalayan mountainous valley and limited landholding area and how they generate their livelihoods. Geographical factors affect their household pattern, and climatic conditions are mostly a mountainous subtropical type of climatic region. To answer these following questions, a field visit of the same area has been conducted. This research paper is descriptive in nature. The primary data were collected from the entire household through interviews, informal discussions, and field observation. The Malan village was investigated, and it was found that subsistence agriculture activities and livestock rearing were the main occupations. Some other interesting facts noticed in this study area, such as shifting trends towards horticultural
activities. In the context of households, there was a higher composition of nuclear families rather than joint families. There is a lack of adequate social infrastructure such as education and health institutions. The paper will be helpful in carrying out the further analysis and showing a way to
Improve existing socio-economic conditions and household patterns of rural settlement in the high Himalayan mountainous region in Himachal Pradesh.
Keywords: dwelling, livelihood, social infrastructure, occupation, agriculture, literacy.

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Empowerment and Position of Gaddis Women in Ravi River Basin in Himachal Pradesh

East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (EAJMR) Vol. 1, No. 8, 2022 : 1537-1544, 2022

For the indigenous community, empowerment of women is critical to the development of their societ... more For the indigenous community, empowerment of women is critical to the development of their society and the Women have no right to inheritance as per the traditional laws. The women works equally with her husband in agricultural work expect for pouching. They also take part in all social, religious and ritual activities. More than 90% of Gaddis women are Empowered to spend money, independently without seeking permission from male, members of the family, and also, to access health care services for themselves and their children. Girls, as a daughter, enjoyed full freedom like those of boys and one could notice no discrimination between boys and girls. In fact, the Gaddis woman has been expert in all these. The educated and employed wife’s status is better than uneducated and unemployed wife’s. Although, Gaddis society is patriarchal, the family revolves around the mother. Women play a central role in the family, providing labor for the various tasks with regard to the livestock, the land and the household (L.S. Thakur, 2002).

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2023 Monsoon Fury in Himachal Pradesh: a Comprehensive Study on Disaster Impact and Economic Consequences

American Journal of Education and Evaluation Studies, Vol.2, No.4 (Apr, 2025), 152 E-ISSN: 2997-9439, 2025

The monsoon season of 2023 brought unprecedented devastation to Himachal Pradesh, turning a sceni... more The monsoon season of 2023 brought unprecedented devastation to Himachal Pradesh, turning a scenic mountainous state into a disaster-stricken zone. Characterised by relentless rainfall, large-scale landslides, cloudbursts, flash floods, and infrastructural collapse, the event stands as one of the most severe climatic disasters in the region's recent history. This research paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the monsoon-induced calamity, with a particular focus on its multifaceted economic implications across critical sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure, tourism, and livelihoods. Drawing upon a wide range of secondary data sources-comprising government reports, media publications, scientific journals, and policy documents-this study explores both the immediate and long-term economic impacts of the disaster. It also highlights the structural vulnerabilities within the state's disaster management framework that exacerbated the magnitude of damage. The analysis reveals that anthropogenic factors such as unplanned urbanisation, deforestation, poor drainage systems, and inadequate regulatory enforcement significantly contributed to the extent of the crisis. Moreover, the study connects the increasing frequency and intensity of such extreme weather events to global climate change, underscoring the urgent need for climate-sensitive policy interventions. It advocates for a paradigm shift in regional planning and development, recommending a blend of sustainable infrastructure development, improved early warning systems, and integrated disaster risk reduction strategies. Ultimately, the research calls for the integration of climate resilience into mainstream governance and development policies to ensure the long-term ecological and economic stability of Himachal Pradesh.

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THE HIDDEN TRUTH: THE IMPACTOF MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENTS ON CONSUMERS

Journal of Education, Ethics and Value Vol. 4, No. 11, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4392, 2025

Advertising has long been regarded as the lifeline of modern commerce, shaping consumer preferenc... more Advertising has long been regarded as the lifeline of modern commerce, shaping consumer preferences, promoting competition, and driving economic growth. However, when advertising crosses the ethical boundary into deception, it transforms into a potent instrument of exploitation. Misleading advertisements employ exaggerated claims, emotional appeals, selective omissions, and manipulative imagery to distort consumer perceptions and influence purchasing decisions in ways that are not aligned with their best interests. This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of the psychological, economic, legal, and social implications of deceptive advertising, with a particular focus on the growing dominance of digital platforms. Drawing on consumer surveys, expert interviews, case studies, and comparative legal frameworks, the study highlights the serious consequences of misleading advertisements. These range from financial losses, impulsive purchases, and post-purchase dissonance to adverse health outcomes in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food. The findings underscore that deceptive practices disproportionately harm vulnerable groups—including children, adolescents, elderly populations, and individuals with limited financial literacy—by exploiting their cognitive biases, aspirations, and trust in authority figures. The research further investigates the rise of digital and social media marketing, where influencer-driven endorsements, native advertising, and algorithm-based targeting have blurred the boundaries between authentic content and paid promotion. This digital shift has not only amplified the reach of misleading advertisements but has also made them more difficult to regulate due to the globalized nature of online platforms. A comparative review of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (India), alongside international frameworks such as the Federal Trade Commission (USA) and European Commission (EU), reveals that although regulatory mechanisms exist, weak enforcement and lenient penalties significantly limit their effectiveness. The study concludes by advocating for a multi-pronged strategy to combat deceptive advertising, emphasizing stricter regulatory enforcement, higher penalties proportional to corporate profits, greater transparency in digital marketing, and consumer education campaigns aimed at improving advertising literacy. By reinforcing corporate accountability and promoting ethical marketing practices, businesses can rebuild consumer trust and ensure that advertising fulfills its original purpose—as a tool of information and empowerment rather than manipulation and exploitation.

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Sustainable Tourism Development in Himachal Pradesh: Balancing Economic Growth with Environmental Conservation

CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS ON TOURISM MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE https://cajitmf.casjournal.org/index.php/CAJITMF Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | January 2026 ISSN: 2660-454X, 2025

Himachal Pradesh is a northern Indian state in the Himalayas and it has emerged out as one of the... more Himachal Pradesh is a northern Indian state in the Himalayas and it has emerged out as one of the popular tourist destinations of India due to its natural beauty, culture & adventure. This state economy relies on tourism and the jobs within it that help the local economy. Unfortunately this sector had been so lucrative, that it started to have a real effect on the delicate mountain ecosystem. In many of the most heavily traveled areas, signs of overuse-litter, deforestation, diminished water supplies and worn soil-have begun to appear. This paper revisits the current landscape of sustainable tourism in the state. Adopting a qualitative approach that draws on government reports, research papers and case studies, it examines examine current policy settings in relation to tourism, and the interplay between tourism development, biodiversity and local communities. While the expectations delineated in the state tourism policy are lofty in terms of sustainability, the study concludes that the implementation as well as community participation in tourism are still weak. Tourist influx in Hill stations such as Shimla, Manali, Dharamshala and Spiti often disturbs the local ecosystem than what its environment can bear. That said, there are various local eco-initiated projects that proves tourism can still be done responsibly. Himachal Pradesh: Towards more Planning, Environmental regulations and Community participation in Sustainable development, concludes the study. With eco-minded infrastructure and efforts to educate visitors, however, the surrounding nature can be preserved alongside the livelihoods of communities.

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Addiction to Awareness: India's Comprehensive Journey Towards Education, Prevention, and Rehabilitation in Pursuit of a Sustainable, Drug-Free Future for All Citizens

Explorations in Humanities and Social Sciences https://ehss.cultechpub.com/index.php/ehss, 2025

Drug abuse is a critical public health and social challenge in India, affecting individual well-b... more Drug abuse is a critical public health and social challenge in India, affecting individual well-being, family stability, workforce productivity, and community resilience [1]. Beyond medical concerns, substance abuse intersects with crime, unemployment, poverty, and mental health issues, amplifying its socioeconomic impact [2,3]. According to the Magnitude of Substance Use in India Report (2019), nearly 31 million Indians consume cannabis, and around 26 million use opioids, of whom over 5.7 million require urgent medical intervention [1,4]. India's location between the Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle has intensified the crisis, making it both a transit hub for trafficking and a growing domestic market [5,6]. Despite legislation like the NDPS Act (1985) and initiatives such as Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan (2020), gaps remain in enforcement, rehabilitation, and community awareness [1,7]. This study examines India's journey from widespread addiction to increasing awareness, analyzing socioeconomic , cultural, and psychological drivers, including peer influence, urban stress, unemployment, and globalization [8,9]. It highlights the roles of government agencies, NGOs, community initiatives, and digital platforms in prevention and rehabilitation [10,11]. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the paper identifies gaps in long-term rehabilitation, gender-specific vulnerabilities, and digital awareness strategies [7,11]. Findings suggest that sustainable change requires a multipronged approach emphasizing prevention, community engagement, destigmatization, and evidence-based rehabilitation. Recommendations include strengthening rehabilitation centres, integrating anti-drug education in schools and colleges, promoting youth-led awareness campaigns, gender-sensitive interventions, and enhanced cross-border cooperation [12,13]. By framing addiction as a public health and social challenge rather than a crime, India can advance toward a resilient, empowered, and drug-free society.

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Evolving Paradigms: Trends and Challenges in Contemporary Social Research

Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity | ISSN 2792-8268 | Volume-41 | Apr -2025, 2025

Social research serves as a crucial instrument in understanding human behaviour, societal transfo... more Social research serves as a crucial instrument in understanding human behaviour, societal transformations, and policy-making processes. Over the past decade, the field has undergone a profound evolution, driven by technological advancements and the increasing complexity of social issues. The integration of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning has revolutionized research methodologies, enabling the analysis of vast and diverse datasets with greater accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, the adoption of mixed-methods approaches-blending qualitative and quantitative techniques-has enhanced the depth of social inquiry, providing a more holistic understanding of complex social phenomena. Despite these advancements, social research faces several pressing challenges. Ethical concerns surrounding data privacy, informed consent, and the potential misuse of sensitive information have intensified in the digital age. Algorithmic biases and the risk of perpetuating social inequalities through automated decision-making systems pose significant ethical dilemmas. Additionally, the replicability crisis, lack of transparency in research methodologies, and difficulties in maintaining interdisciplinary collaborations hinder the credibility and reliability of social research findings. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of current trends and challenges in social research, highlighting both opportunities and obstacles in this rapidly evolving field. It explores potential solutions, such as the implementation of robust ethical guidelines, the promotion of open-access research practices, and the use of innovative methodologies to minimize bias and enhance data integrity. By critically examining these issues, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the future of social research, ensuring its relevance, ethical soundness, and methodological rigor in an increasingly digitalized and interconnected world.

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CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE

CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE Volume: 03 Issue: 06 Jun 2022, 2022

The language commonly spoken in the district is western Pahari in 5 distinct dialects. Of these, ... more The language commonly spoken in the district is western Pahari in 5 distinct dialects. Of these, Chambiali is spoken in Chamba town and its neighborhoods, Gadyali or Bharmouri is being spoken in the upper Ravi valley comprising of Bharmour and Holi tehsils, Bhattiyali is the dialect of Bhattiyat tehsil, Chaurahi is being spoken in Chaurah tehsil and Saluni tehsil and some villages of Chamba tehsil. Ravi basin in Himachal Pradesh's most part spread in Chamba district and Chamba is full of fairs and festivals. Of all the fairs of Chamba district Minjar Fair is the most popular in Chamba district of Ravi River Basin in Himachal Pradesh. Minjar fair of Chamba town is held in sravana month every year. The people sing seasonal songs in their respective area. Of all the songs sung during the fair, Kunjari is the most charming song in Ravi River Basin in Himachal Pradesh. The Shopkeepers from neighboring states come to Chamba town and sell their goods and the people of surrounding area purchase many articles of their requirement for one year. Sui fair is as old as the time when Chamba became the capital of the state. The Sui fair is held on the month of April every year. Mani Mahesh is situated about 26 Kms. from Bharmaur town. Lord Shiva is believed to reside there. The pilgrims of Ravi River basin and another part of India have to be at the lake on the morning of Radha Ashtami which falls 15 days after Krishna Janam Ashtami in the month of August/September every year. Nag fair is held in Banikhet in the month of June for two days. A Khajiar village is about 24 Kms. from Chamba towns. A Jatar is held here on the fourth night of Jaistha (May) and continues till the next morning. Saluni Jatar is held on 1 st Jaistha (May) every year at Saluni and on this day Nag Devta is worshipped with incense and wheat bread is offered to him. Phool Jatar is begins in the month of October every year for four days at Kupha. This Jatar is the last fair of the year and after this, the region has heavy snowfall. Bhanjraru

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