articles by Wennar Wennar
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, 2026
Digital transformation has reshaped patterns of communication, community formation, and church wo... more Digital transformation has reshaped patterns of communication, community formation, and church worship practices, while simultaneously creating opportunities for disinformation, fragmented attention, and weakened interpersonal relationships among congregants. Although studies on transformational leadership, digital literacy, and community resilience have developed independently, theological-pastoral syntheses that systematically integrate these three domains remain limited, particularly within the context of Evangelical churches in Indonesia. This study aims to formulate a conceptual framework of transformational pastoral leadership that can strengthen congregational resilience amid digital disruption. Employing an integrative literature review approach, the study examines relevant sources and synthesizes interdisciplinary findings through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that congregational resilience is fostered through three principal domains. First, apologetic-doctrinal teaching strengthens congregants' critical capacity to respond to misinformation and doctrinal distortion. Second, contextual digital literacy equips congregants to evaluate, verify, and manage online information responsibly. Third, adaptive spiritual formation sustains relationships, participation, and intergenerational solidarity within digital environments. Based on this synthesis, the study proposes an integrative pastoral framework that positions pastors not only as teachers and guardians of doctrine but also as architects of a healthy digital ecosystem that nurtures spiritual growth and communal resilience. This study contributes to the development of digital pastoral theology and provides a conceptual foundation for local church ministry in the era of digital transformation.
Nabisuk: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan , 2025
This study aims to explore the concept of Memento Mori (reminder of death) in the Book of Ecclesi... more This study aims to explore the concept of Memento Mori (reminder of death) in the Book of Ecclesiastes 12:1-7 as a theological reflection to rediscover the meaning of life in the context of contemporary Christian life. The phenomenon of the tendency of modern congregations to focus more on worldly life and pay less attention to the eternal dimension, thus obscuring the true meaning of life. This study uses an expository Bible text analysis method with a contextual hermeneutic approach. The results of the study show that Ecclesiastes 12:1-7 offers a profound perspective on human mortality and the call to live meaningfully in the light of eternity. Awareness of death (Memento Mori) can be the foundation of authentic Christian spirituality, directing the congregation to live with a purpose that is in line with God's will.
Jurnal Apokalupsis, 2025
This study examines the meaning of the shepherd's sacrifice in John 10:11-15 by highlighting the ... more This study examines the meaning of the shepherd's sacrifice in John 10:11-15 by highlighting the close relationship between sacrifice and relational presence. Interpretations of the statement "the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep" are often confined to a soteriological horizon, referring primarily to Jesus' death on the cross. Through narrative and lexical exegesis, this study demonstrates that the Gospel of John constructs the meaning of sacrifice within the framework of a shepherding relationship marked by presence, mutual knowing, and faithfulness to the flock. By employing a psychological biblical interpretation approach, the shepherd-sheep metaphor is read as a depiction of a relationship that responds to existential vulnerability, in which the shepherd's presence fosters a sense of security and relational attachment. Christological elaboration affirms that such presence constitutes an integral expression of Jesus' identity as the Good Shepherd, rather than merely a pastoral function or strategy. The critique of the "hired hand" figure reveals that authentic shepherding is determined by the quality of relationship rather than by the continuity of function or structure alone. This study also outlines the theological and pastoral implications of understanding sacrifice as presence for contemporary church ministry.
Jurnal Teologi Educatio Christi, 2026
Relational conflict is an unavoidable reality within church communities; however, contemporary ch... more Relational conflict is an unavoidable reality within church communities; however, contemporary church conflicts are increasingly marked by the use of psychological character labeling. This study aims to analyze how character labeling functions as a defense mechanism that hinders the process of metanoia, understood as spiritual transformation in Christian faith. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical and interdisciplinary approach that integrates psychology and pastoral theology, this study is positioned as a conceptual-reflective literature-based inquiry. Data are drawn from academic literature in the form of reputable books and journal articles addressing church conflict, defense mechanisms, and the theology of repentance. The analysis is grounded in defense mechanism theory, with particular emphasis on projection, alongside the theology of metanoia as the primary theological framework. The findings indicate that character labeling operates as an ego-defense that shifts conflict away from self-reflection toward self-justification, thereby weakening pastoral relationships and obstructing repentance and spiritual growth within church communities.
This study investigates the Koine Greek terms peirasmos (temptation) and dokimion (testing) in th... more This study investigates the Koine Greek terms peirasmos (temptation) and dokimion (testing) in the New Testament to clarify the widespread confusion among contemporary Christians regarding the origins, purposes, and theological significance of trials. Employing a qualitative method grounded in textual analysis, linguistic study, and hermeneutics, this research examines the etymology, distribution, and contextual use of both terms across selected New Testament passages. The study reveals that peirasmos frequently denotes a challenge that intends to weaken or disrupt faith, whereas dokimion refers to a refining test designed to strengthen and validate spiritual character. Nevertheless, the findings also show that peirasmos, when responded to in faith, can function as a means through which dokimion takes place, producing endurance and spiritual maturity. In light of contemporary challenges such as materialism, moral relativism, digital pressure, and identity fragmentation, this study demonstrates the relevance of these biblical concepts for shaping Christian responses to modern ethical and spiritual struggles. By integrating linguistic, historical, and contextual-theological analysis, this research provides a framework for understanding how believers can transform temptation into opportunities for growth and spiritual resilience. The study contributes to contextual theology by bridging biblical interpretation with practical implications for Christian life in a rapidly changing world.
Parakletos : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 2025
This study discusses oikos as the foundation of contextual ecclesiology based on a hermeneutic st... more This study discusses oikos as the foundation of contextual ecclesiology based on a hermeneutic study of the Acts of the Apostles, and its implications for the relational evangelism model in the present context. The study uses a biblical hermeneutic approach to key narratives in the Acts of the Apostles, such as the homes of Cornelius, Lydia, and the Philippian jailer, which show that the early church grew from household relationships and primary social networks. The results of the study reveal that oikos is not just a place, but a social and spiritual structure where the proclamation of the Gospel takes place effectively and contextually. The discussion shows that the oikos paradigm contributes to building an ecclesiology that is relational, incarnational, and relevant to the modern church, especially amidst urbanization and social fragmentation. This study confirms that the oikos approach can enrich the understanding of the church as a community of faith that lives in everyday life, and encourage renewal in Christian religious education by emphasizing the formation of faith in the context of relationships. In conclusion, oikos needs to be reconstructed not only as a strategy, but as a theological paradigm that is integrated with the mission and life of the contemporary church.
EULOGIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani, 2025
This study analyzes the concept of grace in Titus 2:11-12 by comparing it with the role of the To... more This study analyzes the concept of grace in Titus 2:11-12 by comparing it with the role of the Torah in shaping the spiritual life of contemporary congregations. Using a historical-grammatical exegetical approach and theological literature review, the research explores the meaning of grace within the Cretan cultural context and how it can be actualized in today's church communities. The findings reveal that grace in Christ not only offers forgiveness of sins but also acts as a transformative power that shapes Christ-like character and fosters a holy life. Grace transcends the limitations of the Torah, which merely exposes sin without empowering obedience. This study highlights how grace contributes to forming an inclusive, dynamic, and spiritually growth-oriented church community. As a new contribution, this research expands the understanding of grace beyond the individual level to include its collective role in shaping church communities. Practical implications include developing grace-based ministry programs, enhancing teaching effectiveness, and empowering believers to serve as an active response to God's love.
Mitra Sriwijaya: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, 2025
This study analyzes the controversial phrase "divine offspring" ים( ֹלהִ אֱ ע ֶרַ ,ז ... more This study analyzes the controversial phrase "divine offspring" ים( ֹלהִ אֱ ע ֶרַ ,ז zeraʿ ʾĕlōhîm) in Malachi 2:15. Contrary to the common interpretation that only understands it as the biological procreation of children, this study argues that "divine offspring" is the telos (theological ultimate goal) of the marriage covenant itself. Using exegetical methods that focus on the lexical-syntactic analysis and the literary-historical context of Malachi 2:13-16, this article shows that divorce and infidelity are not only seen as violations of the social contract, but as acts that fundamentally sabotage God's purpose of creating a godly and faithful covenant community. Divorce, for Malachi, is violence ס( מָ ,חָ ḥāmās) that destroys the foundation on which the "divine seed"-the generation living in obedience to Yahweh-can be raised. Thus, as will be shown, the stability of faithful monogamous marriage is not an end in itself, but rather an essential prerequisite for the fulfillment of the larger divine mandate for the post-exilic people.
EUNOIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 2025
This study explores Havruta, a dialogical learning method rooted in the Jewish intellectual tradi... more This study explores Havruta, a dialogical learning method rooted in the Jewish intellectual tradition, and its relevance to contemporary Christian theological education in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach through textual analysis and a case study, the research finds that Havruta effectively enhances theological understanding, critical thinking skills, constructive dialogue, and the formation of participatory learning communities. Theologically, Havruta embodies a dialogical epistemology that treats learning as a space for spiritual encounter; pedagogically, it fosters a shift from hierarchical instruction to egalitarian and reflective engagement. The case study reveals that integrating Havruta into theological classrooms fosters more dynamic, collaborative, and contextually grounded learning experiences. This study recommends the development of Havruta through curriculum integration, facilitator training, digital adaptation, and contextualization with local Indonesian values. Havruta is presented as a transformative pedagogical model capable of forming relevant, reflective, and dialogical spiritual leaders for today's pluralistic society.
Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi, 2025
Amid globalization and digitalization, many contemporary churches are shifting from Gospel-center... more Amid globalization and digitalization, many contemporary churches are shifting from Gospel-centered values toward consumerism and digital image culture. Worship services are often turned into visual and emotional entertainment, neglecting the core substance of faith. This trend raises concerns about spiritual degradation and a crisis of identity within the church as a prophetic community. This study explores the theological meaning of Jesus Christ's simplicity and its relevance for modern church transformation. Using a library research method and thematic exegesis of biblical texts and recent theological literature, the study finds that Jesus' simplicity is not merely a moral lifestyle but a theological act of kenosis-a rejection of worldly power, luxury, and status. The theology of simplicity offers a constructive response to the erosion of church values through reflective liturgical renewal, ministrycentered leadership reform, and recalibrated digital strategies that emphasize spiritual depth and social witness. The study recommends that churches intentionally embrace the paradigm of Jesus' simplicity as a framework for cultivating an authentic, transformative, and contextually relevant spiritual community amid the challenges of the modern era. Abstrak Di tengah arus globalisasi dan digitalisasi, banyak gereja kontemporer mengalami pergeseran orientasi dari nilai-nilai Injil menuju budaya konsumerisme dan pencitraan digital. Pelayanan gereja kerap berubah menjadi hiburan visual dan emosional, sehingga mengabaikan substansi iman yang otentik. Fenomena ini menimbulkan persoalan serius: degradasi kerohanian jemaat dan krisis identitas gereja sebagai komunitas profetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi konsep teologis kesederhanaan hidup Yesus Kristus serta implikasinya bagi transformasi gereja masa kini. Melalui metode studi kepustakaan dan pendekatan eksegesis tematik terhadap teks-teks Alkitab dan literatur teologi mutakhir, kajian ini menemukan bahwa kesederhanaan Yesus bukan sekadar gaya hidup moral, melainkan ekspresi teologis dari kenosis-penyangkalan terhadap kuasa duniawi, kemewahan, dan status sosial. Teologi kesederhanaan berpotensi menjadi jawaban atas degradasi nilai gereja melalui pembaruan liturgi yang reflektif, reformasi kepemimpinan berbasis pelayanan, dan reposisi strategi digital yang menekankan kedalaman rohani dan kesaksian sosial. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar gereja secara sistemik mengadopsi paradigma kesederhanaan Kristus untuk membentuk komunitas rohani yang otentik, transformatif, dan relevan dalam menghadapi tantangan zaman modern.
VISIO DEI: Jurnal Teologi Kristen, 2025
Sustainable church leadership is a pressing challenge for many local congregations amid rapid soc... more Sustainable church leadership is a pressing challenge for many local congregations amid rapid social and technological changes. The core issue addressed in this study is the absence of a structured mentoring strategy for nurturing prospective spiritual leaders, resulting in stagnation within the church's leadership pipeline. The purpose of this study is to develop a leadership mentoring model based on Jesus Christ's discipleship pattern as depicted in the Gospel of Mark, providing a relevant and applicable framework for local church contexts.
EUANGGELION: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, 2025
The Book of Job combines elements of myth, wisdom, and poetry in a complex narrative to address e... more The Book of Job combines elements of myth, wisdom, and poetry in a complex narrative to address existential issues such as human suffering, God's justice, and the relationship between humans and the Creator. This study explores the integration of these elements through a contextual theological framework with a literary hermeneutics approach. The analysis focuses on the poetic structure, mythical symbolism, and wisdom tradition contained in the text. This study shows that the poem of Job is not only a literary work, but also a theological medium that conveys a deep appreciation of God's justice and greatness. Mythical symbols, such as Leviathan and Behemoth, provide cosmological insights into chaos and order under divine control, while Job's wisdom tradition encourages readers to engage in moral and spiritual reflection. By highlighting the relevance of the Job poem genre, this study concludes that a contextual theological approach to these elements can open new insights in understanding human suffering in the modern era, while making the book of Job a source of theological reflection across time.
Kharismata: Jurnal Teologi Pantekosta, 2024
The relationship between the Bible and scientific discovery has long been a topic of debate, with... more The relationship between the Bible and scientific discovery has long been a topic of debate, with perceived contradictions often causing tension between the two fields. This research aims to explore the potential for harmony and tension between the Bible, scientific discovery, and the Christian faith, and examine the implications of these dynamics. The discussion will examine certain areas that are considered contradictory, such as the age of the Earth, the origins of humanity, and the creation narrative, and assess the validity of these claims based on scientific findings. Based on the results of the research, it was found that although tensions may arise, there are many opportunities for reconciliation and mutual enrichment between the Bible and science. By integrating insights from both domains, humans can cultivate a more comprehensive understanding of the world, fostering a deeper appreciation of the complexity of nature and the relevance of biblical teachings in relation to scientific progress.
Jurnal Igreja, 2024
This study aims to explore the relevance of the life of the early church in Acts 2:41-47 as a mod... more This study aims to explore the relevance of the life of the early church in Acts 2:41-47 as a model of urban mission strategy with a cell group approach. This study uses a hermeneutic method to analyze the Bible text and a library study approach to explore literature related to urban mission, cell groups, and life of the early church. The results of the study indicate that the principles of koinonia (fellowship), diakonia (service), and martyria (witness) applied in the life of the early church can be adapted as an effective mission in big cities. The cell group approach, which is based on personal relationships and spiritual formation, has been proven to be able to reach fragmented urban communities that tend to be isolated from institutional church life. This study identifies that cell groups, with their flexibility and openness to social and spiritual needs, are effective means of building inclusive communities that are responsive to urban social challenges. This study contributes to the development of a more relevant church missional outreach for today's urban communities.
Jurnal Igreja, 2024
This study aims to analyze the role of the value of love (chesed) as the basis of religious moder... more This study aims to analyze the role of the value of love (chesed) as the basis of religious moderation in Indonesia, based on the biblical Matthew 22:36-40. Religious moderation in the Indonesian context faces challenges due to the diversity of religions and beliefs. Through this study, the value of love is expected to be the basis that supports tolerance and harmony between religious communities. The research method uses a literature study with a theological approach to explore the meaning of love in Matthew 22:36-40 and its relevance in the context of religious harmony in Indonesia. The findings show that love, as the core of Jesus' command, has significant implications in building an attitude of mutual respect and strengthening efforts for religious moderation.
PNEUMATIKOS: Jurnal Teologi Kependetaan, 2025
Misuse of biblical texts, including 2 Timothy 3:16, often occurs in the lives of believers, both ... more Misuse of biblical texts, including 2 Timothy 3:16, often occurs in the lives of believers, both personally and in communities, due to a lack of understanding of the hermeneutics and original context of the text. This phenomenon has resulted in the emergence of erroneous interpretations and applications of God's Word that are not in accordance with the Apostle Paul's intent. This study aims to explore the original meaning of 2 Timothy 3:16 and offer guidelines for its responsible application. Using a qualitative hermeneutic analysis method based on literature review and observation of phenomena, this study found that this text functions as a guideline for teaching, rebuking, correcting, and training in the truth. The study concluded that the use of correct hermeneutic principles can restore the authority and relevance of the Bible in guiding the lives of believers. As a recommendation, the church needs to strengthen hermeneutic education to encourage understanding and application of the Bible that is in accordance with divine intent.
Lampo: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 2025
Prayer is the core of Christian spirituality, yet its essence is often overshadowed by formalism,... more Prayer is the core of Christian spirituality, yet its essence is often overshadowed by formalism, routine, or self-presentation. Matthew 6:6-7 contains Jesus' teaching on prayer, emphasizing intimacy and sincerity as the foundation for communication with God. This study employs hermeneutic and linguistic methods to analyze key terms like tameion (private space), battalogeo (vain repetition), and ethnikoi (Gentiles), exploring their historical, theological, and cultural context. Results reveal that Jesus challenges the performative religiosity of His time, calling for personal and relational prayer that prioritizes quality over quantity. Theologically, this teaching introduces a profound understanding of God as a loving Father who knows human needs before they are spoken. This study highlights the relevance of Jesus' principles in overcoming modern challenges like digital distractions and performative spirituality. It concludes that authentic prayer is an act of faith, dependence, and love, fostering an intimate relationship with God.
Majalah Ilmiah Methoda, 2024
This study examines Psalm 90:10 through a hermeneutic approach to understand the phrases "Shiv'im... more This study examines Psalm 90:10 through a hermeneutic approach to understand the phrases "Shiv'im Shanah" (seventy years) and "Koach Gvurot" (eighty years of strength) in the context of Hebrew theology and literature. This study highlights the traditional interpretation that often interprets this verse as a limit on human lifespan, and explores its historical, literary, and theological context. Using qualitative research methods based on literature study and a Gadamerian hermeneutic approach, this article offers a new perspective that considers the original author's intent, contextual relevance, and theological implications for the contemporary church. This study shows that this verse does not simply set a limit on human lifespan, but highlights the existential limitations of humans before the eternal God. These findings provide new insights into how this verse can be applied in the theological teaching of the contemporary church, especially in reflections on wisdom, mortality, and dependence on God.
Journal Didaskalia, 2024
The younger generation is the future successor of leadership in God’s church. For this reason, it... more The younger generation is the future successor of leadership in God’s church. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare by conducting education from an early age. The research method used is qualitative research with theological studies by utilizing the Bible and literature according to the subject matter, then analyzed and presented descriptively. Thus, a true and strong foundation will be laid for the spiritual growth of the younger generation, so that they become like Christ to do God’s will in their time. The education of the younger generation includes the example of leaders, teaching God’s Word, fellowship with brothers and sisters and also involvement in ministry in the church and community. So that the church can be a witness for Christ throughout the ages.
Fidei: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika dan Praktika, 2023
Gereja menghadapi tantangan baru di era postmodern, dengan perdebatan yang terus berlanjut antara... more Gereja menghadapi tantangan baru di era postmodern, dengan perdebatan yang terus berlanjut antara mengadaptasi liturgi agar sesuai dengan era baru atau melestarikan liturgi klasik. Ketegangan antara tradisi dan modernisasi ini muncul di setiap era baru. Untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari liturgi kontemporer dalam ibadah dan implikasinya terhadap kerohanian jemaat di Sinode Gereja Bethel Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian kepustakaan, penelitian ini berfokus pada pemahaman bagaimana praktik liturgi kontemporer diterapkan dalam konteks gereja-gereja yang bernaung dalam Sinode Gereja Bethel Indonesia dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan kerohanian jemaatnya. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui kajian literatur, analisis buku referensi, karya ilmiah, dan situs resmi terkait tema liturgi kontemporer dalam ibadah dan kerohanian jemaat di Sinode Gereja Bethel Indonesia. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa jemaat yang tergabung dalam Sinode Gereja BethelIndonesia ketika melakukan kebaktian dengan liturgi kontemporer menunjukkan dalam kesehariannya memiliki gaya hidup berdoa, memuji dan menyembah, sekaligus menjadi saksi Kristus dan terlibat dalam multiplikasi murid Kristus. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ibadah dengan liturgi kontemporer terbukti efektif mendukung visi dan misi gereja untuk menyebarkan pesan Injil dan multiplikasi jiwa-jiwa baru bagi gereja.
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articles by Wennar Wennar