fahd saad

Performance Comparison of Reactive Routing Protocols for Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and... more Wireless mesh networks have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. These networks comprise of somewhat static multi-radio Mesh Routers, which essentially provide connectivity between the mobile single-radio Mesh Clients. Special routing protocols are employed, which facilitate routing between the Mesh Routers as well as between the Mesh Routers and the Mobile Clients. AODV is a well known routing protocol that can discover routes on-the-fly in a mobile environment. The protocol is highly scalable and can support thousands of nodes making it an ideal protocol for wireless mesh networks. However, as the protocol was actually developed for single-radio nodes, it frequently lacks the ability to exploit the potential offered by the Mesh Routers and, hence, sub-optimal routing takes place in a mesh environment. This paper gives an overview of four variants of the AODV routing protocol that can potentially be used for mesh formation. In order to determine their aptness for application to hybrid wireless mesh networks, this paper presents their characteristics and functionality, and then provides a comparison and discussion of their respective merits and drawbacks.

format_quoteAnalyzed AODV protocol reveals deficiencies and necessitates specific adaptions for effective performance in hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs).format_quote

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38432 - Viscosity Reduction Of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids Through Enzymatic Hydrolysis

SPE Journal, 1997

High viscosity formulations of guar are used as fracturing fluids to enhance oil and gas producti... more

Thoracic Disc Protrusion and Situs Inversus in Klippel???Feil Syndrome

Spine, 1990

Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maint... more

A Soil Organic Nitrogen Fraction that Reduces the Need for Nitrogen Fertilization

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2001

On the approximation of the generalized-Kappa distribution by a gamma distribution for modeling composite fading channels

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2010

In wireless channels, multipath fading and shadowing occur simultaneously leading to the phenomen... more In wireless channels, multipath fading and shadowing occur simultaneously leading to the phenomenon referred to as composite fading. The use of the Nakagami probability density function (PDF) to model multipath fading and the Gamma PDF to model shadowing has led to the generalized-model for composite fading. However, further derivations using the generalized-PDF are quite involved due to the computational and analytical difficulties associated with the arising special functions. In this paper, the approximation of the generalized-PDF by a Gamma PDF using the moment matching method is explored. Subsequently, an adjustable form of the expressions obtained by matching the first two positive moments, to overcome the arising numerical and/or analytical limitations of higher order moment matching, is proposed. The optimal values of the adjustment factor for different integer and non-integer values of the multipath fading and shadowing parameters are given.

format_quoteMatching higher order moments provides a good approximation of the generalized-K PDF by a Gamma distribution, but has limitations in accuracy.format_quote

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Laser pulse heating: Modelling of cavity formation

Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C-journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2007

... REFERENCES 1 Yilbas, BS and Sami, M. Liquid ejection and possi-ble nucleate boiling mechanism... more

The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata

Acta Tropica, 1996

The Marrara syndrome, like Halazoun in Lebanon, is a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respi... more The Marrara syndrome, like Halazoun in Lebanon, is a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. The condition follows the consumption of Marrara which consists of raw liver, lungs, trachea and rumen of goats and sheep infected with larvae of L. serrata. The adult worm is found in the nasal passages of dogs. Sheep and goats are infected by eggs from infected dogs. A survey that included 240 adult individuals in a village of endemic L. serrata infection in the Sudan showed that 20% experienced symptoms of allergic nasopharyngitis (Marrara syndrome) following the consumption of raw viscera of goats or sheep at least once in their life. In a prospective study of 24 patients who reported to hospital with the Marrara syndrome, the clinical features included itching in the throat and nose, unilateral conductive deafness, tinnitus and facial palsy. Secondary bacterial infection caused suppurative otitis media. Adult L. serrata parasites were found in the nasal passages of 56 and 47% of male and female dogs in the endemic area. Nymphs were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and livers of goats in the area.