Papers by Ikram Abdul Sattar
SCIREA Journal of Sociology, 2026
Although the constitution is not a novel phenomenon for Muslims, the modern concepts of constitut... more Although the constitution is not a novel phenomenon for Muslims, the modern concepts of constitutionalism emerged in the Muslim world in the mid-twentieth century. The first written constitution in modern times in the Muslim world was adopted by the Ottoman Empire in 1876, reflecting the Belgian constitution in 1831. Despite the recognition of Islam as the official state religion, the early Muslim constitutions did not pay much emphasis on Islamic constitutionalism. Hence, this paper explores the extent of Islamic influence in constitutionmaking in the contemporary Muslim world. The second phase of modern constitutional development happened in the early twentieth century, and the last phase of constitutional development took place in the post-colonial era in the mid-twentieth century. This research employed doctrinal research methodology through the analysis of older and modern constitutions of the contemporary Muslim world. The application of Islamic Sharia in modern constitution-making was highly debated, and only a few modern nation states have adopted fully Islamized constitutions, while most countries inserted just a nominal recognition of Islam as the state religion in their constitutions. The influence of contemporary Muslim
As cybercrime becomes increasingly sophisticated and pervasive, the efficacy of reporting mechani... more As cybercrime becomes increasingly sophisticated and pervasive, the efficacy of reporting mechanisms plays a critical role in digital law enforcement and victim protection. This study critically examines the existing frameworks for cybercrime reporting, focusing on their accessibility, responsiveness, institutional coordination, and legal foundations. Drawing on doctrinal analysis and comparative case studies, the research identifies systemic shortcomings such as lack of public awareness, inadequate digital literacy, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and insufficient victim support. It further evaluates how these gaps impact underreporting and hinders effective investigation and prosecution. The paper proposes targeted enhancements, including streamlined online portals, centralized complaint tracking, legal reforms to ensure prompt redressal, and public-private partnerships for broader outreach and data sharing. By offering practical policy recommendations, the study aims to contribute to the development of a more responsive, transparent, and victim-centered cybercrime reporting ecosystem.
IUM Journal of Laws, 2024
The rights of private sector employees began to be acknowledged with the enactment of the 2008 Co... more The rights of private sector employees began to be acknowledged with the enactment of the 2008 Constitution and the Employment Act of 2008. Despite the existence of employment laws and regulatory bodies, it is not uncommon for private sector employees to raise complaints about the infringement of their rights. This research aims to identify some key rights that private sector employees are entitled to and the extent to which they are protected by relevant legislation. This will ultimately help to determine the steps necessary to ensure the protection of the rights of private sector employees. This research was conducted through qualitative methods and data was collected mainly through documents and interviews. This research focuses on the right to fair wages, freedom from discrimination, fair working hours, safe working conditions and adequate accommodation. It was discovered that private sector employees, especially migrant workers, are more vulnerable to being exploited. Hence, private sector employees cannot fully enjoy basic labor rights they are entitled to.
IUM Journal of Laws, 2024
The Maldives holds a distinguished position as one of the earliest nations in the Muslim world an... more The Maldives holds a distinguished position as one of the earliest nations in the Muslim world and South Asia to adopt a written constitution. Understanding the genesis and evolution of its first written constitution is crucial for comprehending the broader legal history of the nation. This study aims to explore the historical development of the first written constitution, the motivations behind its creation, and its unique constitutional features. One of the major achievements of this constitution was the establishment of a democratic foundation harmonized with Islamic Sharia, transitioning the Maldives from an absolute hereditary monarchy to an elected monarchy. This transition from an absolute hereditary monarchy to an elected monarchy marked the beginning of the future democracy in the Maldives. One of the key constitutional limitations introduced was the curtailment of the king's absolute power, mandating that he adhere to the constitution and to the rule of law. Despite the short survival of the first constitution, its profound influence paved the way for the continuity of constitutional governance in the Maldives. This enduring legacy is reflected in the series of constitutions adopted between 1932 and 2008, highlighting the transformative and lasting impact of the Maldives' first written constitution.
Al-Manhaj, 2017
ޑިމޮކްރަސީ އެކުލެވުމާ، މާނަކުރުމުގައި އެއްޤައުމު އަނެއްޤައުމާ ތަފާތުތަކެއް ހުރިކަމުގައިވިއަސް އެނ... more ޑިމޮކްރަސީ އެކުލެވުމާ، މާނަކުރުމުގައި އެއްޤައުމު އަނެއްޤައުމާ ތަފާތުތަކެއް ހުރިކަމުގައިވިއަސް އެންމެން ޤަބޫލުކުރާ ޑިމޮކްރެޓިކް އަސާސްތަކެއް ޑިމޮކްރެޓިކް ނިޒާމުގައިވެއެވެ. ޑިމޮކްރަސީގެ އެއްވެސް އުސޫލެއް ބަލައިގެންފައިނުވާ ވަރަށްގިނަ ޚުދުމުޚްތާރު ވެރިކަންތައް ޑިމޮކްރަސީއާ ދިމާއަށް މިއަދު ލެނބެމުންދާކަމީ ވަންހަނާވެވެންނެތް ޙަޤީޤަތެކެވެ. ޢަރަބި ބަހާރުގެ ކުރިންނާ ފަހުންވެސް އިސްލާމީ ޤައުމުތަކުގައި ވެރިކަމުގެ ނިޒާމުގެތެރެއަށް ޑިމޮކްރަސީ ވެއްދުމުގެ މަސައްކަތް ޤައުމުތަކުގެ އެތެރެއިންނާ ބޭރުން ކުރަމުން ގެންދެއެވެ. .....
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Papers by Ikram Abdul Sattar