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SummaryValue SecuredVolume and flowsActivityOnchain costsData postedLivenessMilestones & IncidentsRisk summaryRisk analysisStageData availabilityState derivationState validationUpgrades & GovernanceUpdatesOperatorWithdrawalsPermissionsSmart contracts

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Abstract

1 recent update

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About

Abstract is a ZK Rollup built on top of Ethereum using the ZK stack, designed to securely power consumer-facing blockchain applications at scale with low fees and fast transaction speeds.

  • Total Value SecuredTVS
    $45.75 M3.39%
  • Past day UOPSDaily UOPS
    2.9520.0%
  • Stage
  • Gas token
    ETH
  • Type
    ZK Rollup
  • Purpose
    Universal
  • Chain ID
    2741

    • Tokens breakdown

    Last 24h cross-chain volume$1.10 MLast 24h cross-chain transfers2.10 K

    Interop protocols used

    RelayStargateAbstract
    +3 more

    Tokens by volume

    ETHUSDCUSDT
    +39 more
    Sequencer failureState validationData availabilityExit windowProposer failure
    Explore more in Discovery UI

    Badges

    About

    Abstract is a ZK Rollup built on top of Ethereum using the ZK stack, designed to securely power consumer-facing blockchain applications at scale with low fees and fast transaction speeds.

    Value SecuredView TVS breakdown
    Total
    Canonically BridgedCanonically Bridged ValueCanonical
    Natively MintedNatively Minted TokensNative
    Externally BridgedExternally Bridged ValueExternal
    ETH & derivatives
    Stablecoins
    BTC & derivatives
    Other
    View TVS breakdown
    Volume and flowsExplore Interop
    Avg value per second ≈ $9.41 K|1 particle ≈ $100
    Chain stats
    Stats
    Total volume
    $1.09 M
    Volume in
    $660.09 K
    Volume out
    $439.30 K
    Net flow
    $220.78 K
    Total transfers
    2.06 K
    Unique tokens
    36
    Transfers in
    1.18 K
    Transfers out
    881
    Avg. transfer value
    $532.91
    Avg. transfer time
    49s
    Connected
    12 chains
    Avg. value per second
    $12.72/s
    Top routes
    Top tokens
    ETHETH$901.78 KUSDCUSDC$378.76 KUSDTUSDT$59.98 K
    Top bridges
    RelayRelay$526.29 KStargateStargate$278.91 KAbstractAbstract$250.36 K
    Transfer size
    Under $100
    $100-$1K
    $1K-$10K
    $10K-$100K
    Over $100K
    Transfer type distribution
    Explore Interop
    Activity

    2025 Aug 07 — 2026 Aug 07

    Past Day UOPS
    2.9520.0%
    Past Day Ops count
    255.51 K
    Total Ops
    345.10 M
    since 2024 Oct 25
    Max. UOPS
    57.72
    2026 May 24
    Past day UOPS/TPS Ratio
    1.01
    Onchain costs

    The section shows the operating costs that L2s pay to Ethereum.

    2025 Aug 07 — 2026 Aug 07

    Total cost
    $58.89 K
    Avg cost per L2 UOP
    $0.000261
    Avg cost per day
    $161.35
    Data posted

    This section shows how much data the project publishes to its data-availability (DA) layer over time. The project currently posts data to; previously it posted toEthereumEthereum.

    2025 Aug 07 — 2026 Aug 07

    Data posted
    16.18 GiB
    Avg size per day
    45.38 MiB
    Avg size per L2 UOP
    76.94 B
    Liveness

    This section shows how "live" the project's operators are by displaying how frequently they submit transactions of the selected type. It also highlights anomalies - significant deviations from their typical schedule.

    No ongoing anomalies detected

    2026 Jul 08 — Aug 07

    Avg. proof subs. interval
    32 minutes
    Avg. state updates interval
    24 minutes
    Past 30 days anomalies
    100% normal uptime
    Milestones & Incidents

    Liveness failure (batch 16529)

    2025 May 14th

    Unprovable batch halts finalization for 2 days, resolved by verifier-overriding emergency upgrade.

    Learn more

    Mainnet Launch

    2025 Jan 27th

    Abstract launches their mainnet, opening for all users.

    Learn more
    Risk summary

    Funds can be stolen if

    1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is a 4d 3h - 8d 3h delay on code upgrades unless upgrade is initiated by the EmergencyUpgradeBoard in which case there is no delay.

    Funds can be lost if

    1. the proof system is implemented incorrectly.

    Users can be censored if

    1. the validator multisig does not approve batch execution,
    2. the operator refuses to include their transactions,
    3. the operator implements a TransactionFilterer, which is possible without delay.

    MEV can be extracted if

    1. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.
    Risk analysis