The general usefulness of selected predictions equations for computer simulated scoring of creati... more The general usefulness of selected predictions equations for computer simulated scoring of creativity tests was studied. This was carried out by testing pre, iously established prediction equations for samples drawn from similar populations.
The Cultural Attitude Scales represent a modular approach to the measurement of cultural attitude... more The Cultural Attitude Scales represent a modular approach to the measurement of cultural attitudes and knowledge with respect to the Puerto Rican, Anglo-American, and Black -American cultures. They are applicable to programs which propose to enhance ethnic identity or cross-cultural understanding among any one or more of these three ethnic groups. These modular measures do not require reading ability; rather, they are based upon pictorial stimuli and response options. The directions are particularly appropriate for elementary school programs involving children who may differ culturally and linguistically. The fifteen stimuli for each scale are graphic illustrations of the dress, sports, foods, and popular symbols of the Puerto Rican, Anglo-American, and Black-American cultures, respectively. The child indicates his attitude toward each pictorial stimulus by marking one of five faces on a happy sad Likert-type scale. There is also an alternate response option indicating no knowledge of the particular cultural referent. Each scale thus yields two scores: a cultural attitude index and a cultural knowledge index. (Author)
An instrument to determine attitudes of Anglo-and Mexican-American parents toward Spanish-English... more An instrument to determine attitudes of Anglo-and Mexican-American parents toward Spanish-English bilingualism has been developed. This study examines the feasibility of revising this instrument to measure attitudes toward Puerto Rican bilingualism. Ninety-two Puerto Rican, 39 black, and 34 white parents with children in elementary schools in Connecticut were interviewed. Bilingual parents had a more positive and restricted range of scores than monolingual ones. A larger number of poor responses to items came from the bilingual parents. Each ethnic group showed a relatively positive attitude toward bilingualism and the attitudes of blacks and whites were similar. (RS)
The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Tri-Cultural Attitude Scale (TA... more The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Tri-Cultural Attitude Scale (TAS). Based on the results of a sample of 336 Puerto Rican, Black-American and Anglo-American elementary school pupils in a large Connecticut city, the authors found generally significant relationships between the TAS and various criterion measures. Moreoverethey found relatively good test-retest and split-half reliability coefficients, particularly for the Puerto Rican sub-sample. The TAS appears to be a positive step toward meeting the need for adequate affective assessment in bilingual/bicultural and other culturally pluralistic educational projects in the early grades. (Author)
The increasing emphasis on the affective domain in the teaching-learning situation has not produc... more The increasing emphasis on the affective domain in the teaching-learning situation has not produced a significant body of research on the development of self concept among Spanish-speaking--particularly Puerto Rican--students. This study investigated the relationship of the self-concept of Puerto Rican pupils with achievement, IQ, ethnic group mixture, and teacher ethnicity. The subject population comprised 333 Spanish-speaking students in 29 bilingual and control classes, grades one to three, in three Connecticut cities. The subjects were selected so as to be representative of Spanish-speaking majority classes taught by Spanish-speaking as well as Anglo teachers in schools with varying but significant numbers of Spanish-speaking students. Self-concept was measured via teacher reports on a standard instrument. The children were also tested for academic achievement and nonverbal intelligence. The results of a correlational analysis indicated that self-concept was significantly related to achievement in English and Spanish, as well as to teacher ratings of aural ability in both languages, although self-concept was not significantly related to IQ. However, the relationship between self-concept and academic achievement is demonstrated to be complex and circular. (Author/JM)
In a preliminary study, researchers found that self-concept was related to ethnic group membershi... more In a preliminary study, researchers found that self-concept was related to ethnic group membership but not mixture (majority-minority dynamics). The purposes of this study were (1) to further explore the relationship between self-concept and ethnic group membership and mixture by employing a teacher-rating instrument on the teachers of a sample of students concurrently administered a self-rating instrument, and (2) to determine the relationship between the two instruments for the total sample and selected stratifications. Contrary to the self-perceptions of the students themselves in the previous study, Puerto Rican children were not measured to have a significantly lower self-concept than Negro and white children. The results of this study reveal that the instruments are interacting significantly with ethnic group. Thus, when feasible, .both measures should be employed in an effort to maximize the understanding of self-concept and its relationship to other variables. A moderate, positive relationship exists between the two measures. (Author)
Effective Schools and Effective Principals: Effective Research?
Teachers College Record, 1987
... et al., Equality of Educational Opportunity (Washington, DC: US Govern-ment Printing Office, ... more ... et al., Equality of Educational Opportunity (Washington, DC: US Govern-ment Printing Office, 1966); and, for example, Christopher S. Jencks et al ... A Comprehensive Study of Outliers (Balti-more: Maryland State Department of Education, 1978); for Delaware, James Spartz et al ...
The Spanish-speaking school pupulation in the Northeast has grown significantly in size, but not ... more The Spanish-speaking school pupulation in the Northeast has grown significantly in size, but not in success in recent years. The Coleman Report revealed widespread and sustained inequality of educational opportunity for Puerto Ricans. However, the limited amount of other research on Puerto Rican students indicates that the problem lies in the schools rather than in the students. That is, the deficiencies that Puerto Rican children show in verbal ability and academic achievement might not exist if initial instruction and testing were in Spanish, the children's native language. This study sought to demonstrate this using a population of 217 first-grade Spanish-speaking children in Connecticut. The Interamerican Test of General Ability, Level I, was administered by the same male bilingual examiner first in Spanish and then in English. The Puerto Rican first graders scored significantly lower on the English forms than all ethnic groups, including Puerto Rican, in Coleman's study on the subtest of verbal ability; however, on the nonverbal ability subtest, the Puerto Rican first graders in this study scored significantly highr.r than all ethnic groups in the Coleman study. The subjects of the study scored significantly higher on the Spanish form than on the English form. (Author/JM) AV -rNi
The purpose of this study was to construct a data base concerning the home background of Puerto R... more The purpose of this study was to construct a data base concerning the home background of Puerto Rican students as it relates to present and potential educational programs. The focus was on parental, perceptions of educationally relevant variables in hopes of improving the planning and implementation of educational programs by school and community groups to better meet the needs of Puerto Rican people. Ninety-two Spanish-speaking families having children in the primary grades of Bridgeport public schools were interviewed for this study. Names and addresses of these families' children were obtained from five schools in various areas of Bridgeport in proportion to the concentration, of such students in each school. Fifty percent of the sample were Model Cities Neighborhood residents.
Sex Discrimination in Higher Education Employment: An Empirical Analysis of the Case Law
Journal of Law and Education, 1989
... the Case Law SAGE L. SCHOENFELD* PERRY A. ZIRKEL** Sex discrimination in higher education has... more ... the Case Law SAGE L. SCHOENFELD* PERRY A. ZIRKEL** Sex discrimination in higher education has been the subject of a plethora of legal literature, including books, monographs and law review articles. ... 860 (ED Mo. 1985); Peng-Fei Chang v. University of RI, 606 F. Supp. ...
Measurement of attitudes toward reading in the elementary grades: A review
Literacy Research and Instruction, 1976
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature pertaining to the measurement of attitudes ... more The purpose of this paper is to review the literature pertaining to the measurement of attitudes toward reading. In light of the recent interest among elementary school educators in the affective domain as related to academic achievement in general and to reading ...
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