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Sascha Vongehr

Nanjing University, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faculty Member

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Vongehr, Sascha

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Papers by Sascha Vongehr

Many Minds Logic Virtual Reality Probability Limit & Pruned Plenitude

viXra, 2020

Virtual Reality (VR) and “reality” are indistinguishable. The implied limit on low probabilities ... more Virtual Reality (VR) and “reality” are indistinguishable. The implied limit on low probabilities is very similar or even description-dual to the Planck length. Resolving Newcomb's Predictor Paradox further elucidates the nature of causality in such “timeless” physics. All these support that Many Minds (MM) analytic logic “prunes plenitude” to less than the unfettered fecundity of unitary quantum physics. It must avoid Real-VR-mistakes such as VR or brains “giving rise” to associated minds. Such is unacceptable without addressing obvious ethical objections. This in turn results at once in conclusions relevant to religion. VR administrators doubt their own reality. This reformulates the “fundamental creator gods” regress. A secular religion emerges. An “all seeing eye” demands merit, not mere belief. Finding “one's self” resurrected necessitates memory passing judgment.

Quantum Randi Challenge

arXiv: History and Philosophy of Physics, 2012

Observed violations of Bell type inequalities exclude all relativistic micro causal ("local&... more Observed violations of Bell type inequalities exclude all relativistic micro causal ("local"), counterfactual definite ("real") hidden variable models of nature. This further relativization of our concept of reality triggers a growing pseudoscientific resistance against quantum mechanics (QM). I define Didactic Randi Challenges (DRC) via five characteristics. These are challenges which, according to the laws of nature, are impossible to meet. They effectively refute pseudoscientific claims according to which the challenge could easily be met. DRC work by being known to exist while never having been overcome, despite the large rewards which would follow from meeting the challenge. Pseudoscience exploits well meaning engagement in argument to create the appearance of an expert dispute (sowing doubt). DRC decline to discuss "until the challenge is met", without solidifying the perception of establishment conspiracy. This requires transparency, thus DRC are...

format_quoteSimulations demonstrate hidden variables violating Bell inequalities 99% of the time, challenging claims to reproduce quantum behavior.format_quote

Many Many Worlds/minds Ethics and Argument Against Suicide: for Emergencies and Evaluation in Long Term Suicide Prevention and Mental Health Outcome Author(s)

According to Many Worlds/Minds (MW/M) description, painful survival may be almost certain for the... more According to Many Worlds/Minds (MW/M) description, painful survival may be almost certain for the first person observer who attempts suicide. This argument increases the fear of a painful outcome due to the suicide attempt failing. Increasingly, partially supported by the correlation of depression with time spend online, suicides are committed by intelligent and educated people. They reject common arguments against suicide. We recommend that suicide hotlines and first responders then try MW/M arguments. MW/M considerations help with many public health issues, facilitate smoking and gambling cessation and increase care when driving. As a somewhat Zen like worldview, mindfulness (meditation) belongs to it, and these prove beneficial with issues such as depression in many studies. However, long term effects are unknown, and improper MW/M theories become popular anyway. Effects of proper MW/M thinking on suicide rates and rates of mental illness such as depression should be investigated...

format_quoteRational suicide attempts are driven by fears of painful death or missed opportunities, shaping the need for effective counter-arguments against suicide ideation.format_quote

Adapting Nanotech Research as Nano-Micro Hybrids Approach Biological Complexity, A Review

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2016

Today's emergence of nano-micro hybrid structures with almost biological complexity is of fundame... more Today's emergence of nano-micro hybrid structures with almost biological complexity is of fundamental interest. Our ability to adapt intelligently to the challenges has ramifications all the way from fundamentally changing research itself, over applications critical to future survival, to posing globally existential dangers. Touching on specific issues such as how complexity relates to the catalytic prowess of multi-metal compounds, we discuss the increasingly urgent issues in nanotechnology also very generally and guided by the motto 'Bio Is Nature's Nanotech'. Technology belongs to macro-evolution; for example integration with artificial intelligence (AI) is inevitable. Darwinian adaptation manifests as integration of complexity, and awareness of this helps in developing adaptable research methods that can find use across a wide range of research. The second half of this work reviews a diverse range of projects which all benefited from 'playful' programming aimed at dealing with complexity. The main purpose of reviewing them is to show how such projects benefit from and fit in with the general, philosophical approach, proving the relevance of the 'big picture' where it is usually disregarded.

The Missing Memristor has Not been Found

Scientific reports, Jan 25, 2015

In 1971, not only the theoretical and by definition already existing 'ideal memristor' co... more In 1971, not only the theoretical and by definition already existing 'ideal memristor' concept was introduced, but a real memristor device was suggested on grounds of the already known real inductors. The latter is a scientifically significant hypothesis grounded in fundamental symmetries of basic physics, here electro-magnetism. 2008 claimed the discovery of the "missing memristor." Controversy arose: The devices were not new, and the hypothesized device needs magnetism but has no material memory, while the available devices constitute analogue memory that would work in a world without magnetism. Nevertheless, even the originator of the prediction accepted the discovery. Defenders of the 2008 claim emphasize that the devices are not merely 'memristive systems,' which is however a distinction defined in 1976, not 1971. We clarify widely confused concepts and maintain that the originally hypothesized real memristor device is missing and likely impossible. Th...

The Missing Memristor: Novel Nanotechnology or rather new Case Study for the Philosophy and Sociology of Science?

In 2008, it was widely announced that the missing memristor, a basic two-terminal electrical circ... more In 2008, it was widely announced that the missing memristor, a basic two-terminal electrical circuit element, had finally been discovered. The memristor is the fourth and last such circuit element and thus completes circuit theory. Predicted already in 1971, the eventual discovery of something seemingly so basic needed almost 40 years. However, this discovery is doubted. The predicted memristor has no material memory and is based on magnetic flux, but the discovered devices constitute analogue memory storage that do not involve magnetism. The person who originally proposed the memristor did not reject the discovery but instead changed his mind about what a memristor is. We briefly introduce the history and then carefully memristance and the memristor as such. We discuss its status as a model rather than a device. We discuss the discovered devices, their stability, and how stability relates to the consistency of the theoretical entities. A thought experiment assumes a world without m...

Examples of Black Holes in Two-Time Physics

arXiv: High Energy Physics - Theory, 1999

Two time theory is derived via localization of the global Sp(2) [or Osp(1/2), Osp(N/2), Sp(2N),..... more Two time theory is derived via localization of the global Sp(2) [or Osp(1/2), Osp(N/2), Sp(2N),...] symmetry in phase space in order to give a self contained introduction to two time theory. Then it is shown that from the two-times physics point of view theories of point particles on many known black hole backgrounds are Sp(2) gauge duals of one another and of course also gauge dual to all other equal dimensional gauges from earlier two time related publications (hydrogen atom, ...). We reproduce the free (quantum) relativistic particle on 1+1 dimensional black hole backgrounds and 2+1 dimensional BTZ ones. Other 2+1 black holes and n+1 ones are touched on but explicitely found only as cross sections of complicated (n+1)+1 backgrounds. Further we give near horizon solutions (e.g. n+1 Robertson-Bertotti). Since two time physics can reproduce these backgrounds all particle actions have hidden symmetries that have not been noticed before.

Supporting abstract relational space-time as fundamental without doctrinism against emergence

arXiv: History and Philosophy of Physics, 2009

Modern physics, via the standard model with Higgs mechanism and string theory for example, has su... more Modern physics, via the standard model with Higgs mechanism and string theory for example, has supplied ether-like models and emergent general relativity scenarios that substantially weaken the usual defense of orthodox relativity and abstract, relational space-time in general. Over a dozen arguments in support of relativism against space-substances are discussed. It is not known whether perceived space-time is fundamental or due to a condensed state or string theoretical membrane. Emergent relativity indicates perhaps a whole tower of more fundamental space-times. Whether space is best described as a thing, an emergent phenomenon, or instead Kant's necessary, a priori pre-condition of the possibility of all phenomena, depends on which space-time is under consideration. Nevertheless, space-time is fundamentally abstract relational. This is supported by throughout acknowledging as well as illustrating the value of space-substance models, yet still keeping firm in refusing them on...

Purely Mechanical Memristors: Perfect Massless Memory Resistors, the Missing Perfect Mass-Involving Memristor, and Massive Memristive Systems

arXiv: General Physics, 2015

We define a mechanical analog to the electrical basic circuit element M = d{\phi}/dQ, namely the ... more We define a mechanical analog to the electrical basic circuit element M = d{\phi}/dQ, namely the ideal mechanical memristance M = dp/dx; p is momentum. We then introduce a mechanical memory resistor which has M(x) independent of velocity v, so it is a perfect (= not-just-memristive) memristor, although its memristance does not crucially involve inert mass. It is practically realizable with a 1cm radius hollow sphere in heavy fuel oil with a temperature gradient. It has a pinched hysteretic loop that collapses at high frequency in the v versus p plot. The mechanical system clarifies the nature of memristor devices that can be hypothesized on grounds of physical symmetries. We hypothesize a missing mechanical perfect memristor, which must be crucially mass-involving (MI) precisely like the 1971 implied EM memristor device needs magnetism. We also construct MI memristive nano systems, which clarifies why perfect MI memristors and EM memristors are still missing and likely impossible.

Three, Four and N-Dimensional Swastikas & their Projections

viXra, 2019

Difficulties with generalizing the swastika shape for N dimensional spaces are discussed. While d... more Difficulties with generalizing the swastika shape for N dimensional spaces are discussed. While distilling the crucial general characteristics such as whether the number of arms is 2^N or 2N, a three dimensional (3D) swastika is introduced and then a construction algorithm for any natural number N so that it reproduces the 1D, 2D, and 3D shapes. The 4D hyper swastika and surfaces in its hypercube envelope are then presented for the first time.

Hyper-Aged Men Finished Off by Ageism and Misandry: from Deadly Discrimination of Men in Society, Social Science, and Andragogy Practice, Toward Emancipatory “male” Applied Empirical Social Science

viXra, 2016

There are about 1.4 times more women than men above 60 years of age. We argue that the age distri... more There are about 1.4 times more women than men above 60 years of age. We argue that the age distributions’ shapes imply that socio-biological reality ‘hyper-ages’ men by five years beyond their nominal age. Moreover, women present the overwhelming majority in adult education programs for the elderly, outnumbering men by up to ten to one. We discuss relevant social theory and practice, and as an example for empirically scientific social science, show that males are discriminated against in lifelong education efforts, deepening their general discrimination and unhealthy, in relation to this issue literally deadly social isolation. Our hyperaged, exhausted men description renders this work belonging to Advocacy Gerontology: older men are doubly discriminated by ageism. But our practical recommendations do not fix symptoms where it is “too late”. Our general recommendations support truly emancipatory, that is system-theoretical, “Asperger autistic male” theorizing.

Against Absolute Actualization: Three "Non-Localities" and Failure of Model-External Randomness made easy with Many-Worlds Models including Stronger Bell-Violation and Correct QM Probability

arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2013

Experimental violation of Bell-inequalities proves actualization of many futures (~ many-worlds);... more Experimental violation of Bell-inequalities proves actualization of many futures (~ many-worlds); I show that this is not mere interpretation. To show this self-contained pedagogically, I resolve the EPR paradox by starting with a visually intuitive non-quantum many-worlds model that already has apparent non-locality. A modification leads to a classical-to-quantum transition model. Model-external randomness (a ghost outside the universe throwing a pebble on state-space) stays unchanged, but the modeled observers witness strong Bell-violation. I derive the quantum probability P from classical-to-quantum consistency. Model-internal probability (~ subjective Bayesianism) is derived as a measure of surprise (~ Deutsch's rational expectation). The model shows how absolute actualization, say by real hidden variables, fails. Models with P and standard Bell-violation are supplied for completeness. The transition model is the first touchable, interactive science-outreach exhibit teaching...

format_quoteThe model reveals three distinct non-locality concepts and argues that single-future indeterminism is pre-quantum, advancing our understanding of quantum correlations.format_quote

From Jewish Verbal and General Intelligence to Jewish Achievement: A Doubly Right Wing Issue

Ashkenazim Jews (AJ) comprise roughly 30% of Nobel Prize winners, ‘elite institute’ faculty, etc.... more Ashkenazim Jews (AJ) comprise roughly 30% of Nobel Prize winners, ‘elite institute’ faculty, etc. Mean intelligence quotients (IQ) fail explaining this, because AJ are only 2.2% of the US population; the maximum possible would be 13% high achievement and needing IQs above 165. The growing anti-Semitic right wing supports conspiracy theories with this. However, standard deviations (SD) depend on means. An AJ-SD of 17 is still lower than the coefficient of variation suggests, but lifts the right wing of the AJ-IQ distribution sufficiently to account for high achievement. We do not assume threshold IQs or smart fractions. Alternative mechanisms such as intellectual AJ culture or ethnocentrism must be regarded as included through their IQ-dependence. Antisemitism is thus opposed in its own domain of discourse; it is an anti-intelligence position inconsistent with eugenics. We discuss the relevance for ‘social sciences’ as sciences and that human intelligence co-evolved for (self-)decept...

$Figure 1: On the left are the scaled probability density functions f for the relevant US sub-populations. The grey curves rising to the right show the percentage of AJ in the total. They are labelled by AJ’s SD. A = 15 barely reaches 13%. A = 16 reaches 30% far too late. The curve with squares is due to <g> = 114 andA= 17. percentage of AJ in the total; both are shown versus g in Figure 1. and higher would be ethnic Jews. The AJ fraction would be far below even just 20%, regardless of the$

Many Worlds/Minds Ethics and Argument against Suicide: For Emergencies and Evaluation in Long Term Suicide Prevention and Mental Health Outcome

According to many worlds/minds (MW/M) descriptions, a painful survival may be almost certain for ... more According to many worlds/minds (MW/M) descriptions, a painful survival may be almost certain for the first person observer who attempts suicide. This argument increases the fear of a painful outcome due to the suicide attempt failing. Increasingly, partially supported by the correlation of depression with time spend online, suicides are committed by intelligent and educated people. They reject common arguments against suicide. We recommend that suicide hotlines and first responders then try our MW/M argument. MW/M based considerations can be generally benevolent with many such public health issues and may facilitate smoking and gambling cessation and increase care when driving. As a somewhat Zen like worldview, mindfulness (meditation) belongs to it, and these have shown to be helpful with issues such as depression in many studies. However, the long term effect of MW/M philosophy is unknown. We should evaluate the effect of MW/M on suicide rates and rates of mental illness such as d...

format_quoteSuicides increasingly involve educated individuals, previously thought primarily limited to the impoverished or ill, complicating societal understanding.format_quote

Nano Explosions

At the nano-scale, surface phenomena such as attractive VdW forces strongly dominate; explosions ... more At the nano-scale, surface phenomena such as attractive VdW forces strongly dominate; explosions may well be thought impossible. We confirm nano explosions that are important for a fractal (hierarchical, scale invariant) pore structure, greatly increasing pore access. Analyzing only microscope images, image analysis and statistical error reduction algorithms alone provide conclusive evidence of explosively expelled material. The results reconfirm that computer image recognition and statistical analysis are a widely applicable and inexpensive technique for determining parameters which are otherwise unavailable, such as the densities of single nano shapes. The explosion mechanism explains optimum calcination temperatures for cobalt-hydroxide and why slow heating optimizes porosity. Slow heating increases the accessible surface area by 60% with this supercapacitor material.

$ig. 2: Adapted from ref*° with permission. (a) A shape (black) is hidden below others (grey) could be a truncated triangle resting flat on the image-plane (red hatched line), with a truly mger than the adjacent sides b, or instead, a regular hexagon (black hatched line) rotated ackward, so that b merely seems shorter. Distinguishing these cases necessitates two lengths nd two Euler angles. (b) Testing with simulated images initially failed! One must include ree adjacent sides (blue) for five degrees of freedom. (c) Part of marked SEM, showing obalt oxide plates, ready for the computer analysis. (d) Graph analysis provides the \formation for vector calculations, making explicit calculations of angles unnecessary.$

Comment on "Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Hydrogels with Embedded Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates

ChemSusChem, Jan 22, 2017

It is argued that the main claims of "Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen-... more It is argued that the main claims of "Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Hydrogels with Embedded Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates" are strongly exaggerated. By selecting first a subregion (ΔV) of the total voltage drop, the capacitance (CΔV ) is inflated by 30 %. Then, by selecting different regions for different properties and using different ΔV values in different terms of a single expression for the energy density (EΔV ), the value is doubled. A bending angle of only 45° is instead claimed to be 180°.

Scalable Synthesis of Ag Networks with Optimized Sub-monolayer Au-Pd Nanoparticle Covering for Highly Enhanced SERS Detection and Catalysis

Scientific reports, Nov 15, 2016

Highly porous tri-metallic AgxAuyPdz networks with a sub-monolayer bimetallic Au-Pd nanoparticle ... more Highly porous tri-metallic AgxAuyPdz networks with a sub-monolayer bimetallic Au-Pd nanoparticle coating were synthesized via a designed galvanic replacement reaction of Ag nanosponges suspended in mixed solutions of HAuCl4 and K2PdCl4. The resulting networks' ligaments have a rough surface with bimetallic nanoparticles and nanopores due to removal of Ag. The surface morphology and composition are adjustable by the temperature and mixed solutions' concentration. Very low combined Au and Pd atomic percentage (1-x) where x is atomic percentage of Ag leads to sub-monolayer nanoparticle coverings allowing a large number of active boundaries, nanopores, and metal-metal interfaces to be accessible. Optimization of the Au/Pd atomic ratio y/z obtains large surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection sensitivity (at y/z = 5.06) and a higher catalytic activity (at y/z = 3.55) toward reduction reactions as benchmarked with 4-nitrophenol than for most bimetallic catalysts. Subsequent op...

Purely Mechanical Memristors and the Missing Memristor

We define a mechanical analog to the electrical basic circuit element M = dφ/dQ, namely the ideal... more We define a mechanical analog to the electrical basic circuit element M = dφ/dQ, namely the ideal mechanical memristance M = dp/dx; p is momentum. We then introduce a mechanical memory resistor which has M(x) independent of velocity v, so it is a perfect (= not-just-memristive) "memristor," although its memristance does not crucially involve inert mass. It is practically realizable with a 1cm radius hollow sphere in heavy fuel oil with a temperature gradient. It has a pinched hysteretic loop that collapses at high frequency in the v versus p plot. The mechanical system clarifies the nature of memristor devices that can be hypothesized on grounds of physical symmetries. We hypothesize a missing mechanical perfect memristor, which must be crucially mass-involving (MI) precisely like the 1971 implied EM memristor device needs magnetism. We also construct MI memristive nano systems, which clarifies why perfect MI memristors and EM memristors are still missing and likely impossible.

Black Hole Thermodynamics in Semi-Classical and Superstring Theory

This is a revised and shortened version of a MSc thesis submitted to the University of Sussex, UK... more This is a revised and shortened version of a MSc thesis submitted to the University of Sussex, UK. An introduction into the pre-string physics of black holes and related thermodynamics is given. Then, starting with an introduction of how superstring theory is approaching the problem of black hole entropy, work on that and closely related topics like Hawking radiation and the information paradox is reviewed.

format_quoteSoliton black holes in superstring theory correspond to D-branes; calculations remain valid for extremal black holes despite strong coupling challenges.format_quote

Nature: "I have Two Times

This is a slightly extended version of a seminar given the 8th of June at the TASI 99 at Colorado... more This is a slightly extended version of a seminar given the 8th of June at the TASI 99 at Colorado University in Boulder. The motivations behind two time theory are explained and the theory is introduced via one of the theory's easier gauges of a particle on a black hole background. Important results that should be interesting as well in the light of the recent AdS mania will be summarized.