Papers by Govert Bijwaard
Understanding the role of socioeconomic status on children’s mental health, accounting for neighbourhood effects
Population Medicine
SSRN Electronic Journal
This paper examines the impact of unemployment on out-migration by distinguishing between return ... more This paper examines the impact of unemployment on out-migration by distinguishing between return and onward migration and controlling for total earnings. We use Timing-of-Events models and control for the endogeneity of total earnings, unemployment and out-migration using administrative data from the Netherlands. Our findings suggest that unemployment triggers return migration more than onward migration. When total earnings are low unemployment increases the hazard of return migration. When total earnings are high the hazard rate of onward migration for unemployed immigrants increases. Thus, these findings highlight that out-migration is affected both by unemployment and by total earnings as well as by the interaction between the two.
Bijlage 3 12 Uit onderzoek komt naar voren dat het bestaan van sancties invloed heeft op het zoek... more Bijlage 3 12 Uit onderzoek komt naar voren dat het bestaan van sancties invloed heeft op het zoeken naar en het accepteren van betaald werk. Zie ook: G.J. van den Berg, G.J.B. van der Klauw en J.C. van Ours, Arbeidsmarkteffecten van sancties in de RWW, uitgegeven door het Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Den Haag, 1998.
The Effect of Early Life Health on Later Life Home Care Use: The Mediating Role of Household Composition
SSRN Electronic Journal
PLoS ONE, 2021
Objectives To examine the relation between physical and psychological health indicators at adoles... more Objectives To examine the relation between physical and psychological health indicators at adolescence (age 18) and household, personal, and nursing home care use later in life at ages 57–69 years. Methods Using medical examinations on men born in 1944–1947 who were evaluated for military service at age 18 in the Netherlands, we link physical and psychological health assessments to national administrative microdata on the use of home care services at ages 57–69 years. We postulate a panel probit model for home care use over these years. In the analyses, we account for selective survival through correlated panel probit models. Results Poor mental health and being overweight at age 18 are important predictors of later life home care use. Home care use at ages 57–69 years is also highly related to and interacts with father’s socioeconomic status and recruits’ education at age 18. Discussion Specific health characteristics identified at age 18 are highly related to the later utilization...
are indebted to the comments from Jaap de Koning, director of SEOR.
A multistate model to project elderly disability in case of limited data Nicole van der Gaag
Urban Economics & Regional Studies eJournal, 2018
Consider the duration of stay of migrants in a host country. We propose a statistical model of lo... more Consider the duration of stay of migrants in a host country. We propose a statistical model of locally interdependent hazards in order to examine whether interactions at the level of the neighbourhood are present and lead to social multipliers. To this end, we propose and study a new two-stage estimation strategy based on an inverted linear rank test statistic. Using a unique large administrative panel dataset for the population of recent labour immigrants to the Netherlands, we quantify the local social multipliers in several factual and counterfactual experiments, and demonstrate that these can be substantial.
International Journal of Obesity, 2021
Background Weight for height has been used in the past as an indicator of obesity to report that ... more Background Weight for height has been used in the past as an indicator of obesity to report that prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine of 1944–1945 determined subsequent obesity. Further evaluation is needed as unresolved questions remain about the possible impact of social class differences in fertility decline during the famine and because being overweight is now defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI: kg/m2) from 25 to <30 and obesity by a BMI of 30 or more. Methods We studied heights and weights of 371,100 men in the Netherlands born between 1943 and 1947 and examined for military service at age 19. This group includes men with and without prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Results There was a 1.3-fold increase in the risk of being overweight or obese in young adults at age 19 after prenatal famine exposure in early gestation. The increase was only seen in sons of manual workers born in the large cities of Western Netherlands and not among those born in smaller cities or rural...
The majority of immigrants stay only temporarily in the host country. When many migrations are te... more The majority of immigrants stay only temporarily in the host country. When many migrations are temporary, it is important to know who leaves and who stays, and why. The key questions for the host country are whether immigrants are net contributors to the welfare system and whether migrants assimilate quickly. The key questions for the home country are whether migrants return and who returns. The host country gains when unsuccessful migrants leave, while the home country may gain when successful migrants leave. Empirical evidence reveals that both low-income-earning and high-income-earning migrants leave the host country quite soon.
Working papers of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research receive only limited review. ... more Working papers of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed in working papers are attributable to the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute.
Journal of Population Economics, 2013
Many migrants have non-labour motives to migrate and they differ substantially from labour migran... more Many migrants have non-labour motives to migrate and they differ substantially from labour migrants in their migration behaviour. For family migrants the decision to return is highly influenced by changes in their marital status. Using administrative panel data on the entire population of recent family immigrants to The Netherlands, we estimate the effect of a divorce and remarriage on the hazard of leaving The Netherlands using a "timing-of-events" model. The model allows for correlated unobserved heterogeneity across the migration, the divorce-and remarriage processes. The family migrants are divided into five groups based on the Human Development Index (HDI) of their country of birth. We find that both divorce and remarriage increases return of family migrants from less developed countries. Remarriage of family migrants from developed countries makes them more prone to stay. Young migrants are influenced most by a divorce. The impact of the timing of a divorce and remarriage on return are quantified graphically.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008
Correlation of sibling deaths in the Netherlands: Changes over time, social and regional variation
Demographic Research, 2014
BACKGROUND In survival analysis a large literature using frailty models, or models with unobserve... more BACKGROUND In survival analysis a large literature using frailty models, or models with unobserved heterogeneity, exists. In the growing literature and modelling on multistate models, this issue is only in its infant phase. Ignoring frailty can, however, produce incorrect results.
Journal of Econometric Methods, 2013
Ridder and Woutersen (2003) have shown that under a weak condition on the baseline hazard there e... more Ridder and Woutersen (2003) have shown that under a weak condition on the baseline hazard there exist root-N consistent estimators of the parameters in a semiparametric Mixed Proportional Hazard model with a parametric baseline hazard and unspecified distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity. We extend the Linear Rank Estimator (LRE) of Tsiatis (1990) and Robins and Tsiatis (1991) to this class of models. The optimal LRE is a two-step estimator. We propose a simple first-step estimator that is close to optimal if there is no unobserved heterogeneity. The efficiency gain associated with the optimal LRE increases with the degree of unobserved heterogeneity.
Immigrant migration dynamics model for The Netherlands
Journal of Population Economics, 2008
In this paper, we analyze the demographic factors that influence the migration dynamics of recent... more In this paper, we analyze the demographic factors that influence the migration dynamics of recent immigrants to The Netherlands. We show how we can allow for both permanent and temporary migrants. Results disclose differences among migrants by migration motive and by country of origin and lend support to our analytical framework. Combining both models, for departure and returning to The
Exclusionary Risks on the Transitional Labour Market
European Sociological Review, 2011
ABSTRACT The emergent transitional labour market offers new opportunities to workers, while incre... more ABSTRACT The emergent transitional labour market offers new opportunities to workers, while increasing the risk of social exclusion at the same time. This article deals with exclusionary risks on the transitional labour market in the Netherlands. We try to find out whether immigrants bear higher risks than Dutch natives, possibly as a consequence of having fewer transition skills. The data used are from the Sociale Positie en Voorzieningengebruik Allochtonen (‘Social Position and Use of Public Utilities by Migrants’, SPVA) survey for the years 1998 and 2002. Since the analysis of transitions is hindered by lack of panel data, particularly on immigrants, we estimate hazard rate models that take the individuals’ labour market history into account. As we do not have direct information on workers’ transition skills, we use a decomposition method to control for differences in individual labour market characteristics. The main result of the analyses is that unequal risks exist, but to a different degree for various immigrant groups and with variations per transition type. Transition skills seem less important than human capital characteristics.
The effect of rounding on payment efficiency
Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2009
Theory predicts that dismissing the 1 and 2 euro cent coins from the denominational range of the ... more Theory predicts that dismissing the 1 and 2 euro cent coins from the denominational range of the euro facilitates payment efficiency. To examine whether this theory holds true in practice, data were collected for the Netherlands before and after September 2004, which marks the day that retail stores were allowed to round all amounts at 5 euro cents. The data
The emergence of a transitional labour market offers new opportunities to workers, but at the sam... more The emergence of a transitional labour market offers new opportunities to workers, but at the same time bears the risk of (new) inequalities. This paper deals with unequal chances on the transitional labour market in the Netherlands, in particular for workers from the four largest immigrant groups: Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese and Antilleans. The data used are from the SPVA, the survey 'Social Position and Use of Public Utilities by Migrants' for the years 1998 and 2002. These are based on stock sampling. Since for some individuals labour market transitions occur at a very low rate, these individuals may stay in their current state till they reach the retirement age of 65. We estimate hazard rate models that account for both the stock-sampling and the possible maximum duration for the transitions from unemployment, household care and disability to employment. Then we decompose the difference in expected duration between the immigrant groups and the Dutch into the contribution of differences in observable characteristics, coefficient estimates and baseline hazard parameters. The main results of the analyses are that unequal chances exist, but to a different degree for the various groups and with variations per transition type.
Uploads
Papers by Govert Bijwaard