Papers by Shimaa El-Sayed Rashad
bands their size ranged between 100-2000 bp with (87.5%). polymorphism percentage. Polymorphic in... more bands their size ranged between 100-2000 bp with (87.5%). polymorphism percentage. Polymorphic information content PIC was 0.74 for ISSR. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic (UPGMA), Dendrogram was divided into two clusters by morphological traits and ISSR analysis. Genetic similarity matrix was examined with Jaccard's coefficient, maximum similarity was found between Giza126 and Giza127 (99%) with morphological analysis both and lowest similarity between Giza123 and Giza126 (6%) with ISSR analysis. Determination of genetic diversity between barley is of major importance for characterization of barley germplasm, breeding programs and conservation purposes. Morphological traits and ISSR analysis are effective tools for detecting genetic variations. The results showed that H. vulgare have high ratio of variation. This study may be considered as reference study for further studies on H. vulgare and may contribute to species concept and breeding programs.
Using a variety of biological models, including human cell lines,
Salmonella typhimurium, Escheri... more Using a variety of biological models, including human cell lines,
Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae haploid knockout (YKO) strains, this study aimed to
examine the genotoxic effects of gold nanorods (AuNRs).
Salmonella and E. coli strains will be cultivated on LB agar plates
and incubated for 16 hours at 37°C to perform bacterial tests. The
cultures will be subjected to varying quantities of AuNRs after
incubation. The comet test will be used to assess the degree of
DNA damage in these bacterial strains. Likewise, haploid knockout
strains of S. cerevisiae will be grown on YPD plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours before being exposed to different doses
of AuNRs for the yeast model. Following treatment, the comet
assay will also be used to evaluate DNA damage in yeast cells. The
GeneMANIA platform, which offers functional association data to
help the interpretation of the genetic findings, will be used to
predict protein-protein interaction networks. The HepG2 liver
cancer cell line's expression levels of cancer-related genes will also
be examined using real-time PCR. Particular attention was paid to
the p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes, which are homologous to the chosen
yeast genotypes. Findings and outcomes: When compared to
untreated control groups, the comet assay findings for both yeast
and bacterial cells showed increased tail length, tail DNA
percentage, and tail moment, indicating severe DNA damage (P <
0.05). According to a gene expression study, Bcl-2 expression was
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
ARTICLE IN PRESS
ARTICLE IN PRESS
significantly downregulated, whereas p53 and Bax transcripts were
upregulated after being exposed to AuNRs. Analysis of protein-
protein interactions provided additional information about the functional arrangement of related proteins. Overall, the results
indicate that gold nanorods have genotoxic qualities and lower
malignant cell viability.
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, Dec 29, 2024
An antibiotic doxorubicin is generated from the bacterium Streptomyces paucities. Since 1960s, it... more An antibiotic doxorubicin is generated from the bacterium Streptomyces paucities. Since 1960s, it has been used extensively as a chemotherapeutic drug. Doxorubicin belongs to the class of chemotherapy drugs known as anthracyclines. Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective anticancer medication for solid and hematologic tumors. However, it can poison multiple organs in a variety of people. In this work, the effects of different doxorubicin doses (100,50,25,12.500,6.250 and 3.125 μg/ml) on cell viability were examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in the cell lines HCT116 (colon), PC3 (prostate), Hep-G2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), and 293T (human embryonic kidney as the control). PI staining and Annexin V/PI staining were used in flow cytometry to measure cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, respectively. The findings demonstrated that cytotoxicity was caused by doxorubicin in HCT116, PC3, Hep-G2, and 293T. IC50 was 24.30, 2.640, 14.72, and 13.43 μg/ml, respectively, using various concentrations. These findings confirmed that doxorubicin has cytotoxic effects on both cancerous and non-cancerous cells by reducing cell viability. Using flow cytometry to measure the cell cycle, and apoptosis, it was discovered that doxorubicin damaged PC3 cells with a considerable increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In addition, when PC3 cell lines were treated with a high dosage of doxorubicin, the mRNA expression levels of p53 and Casp3 dose genes whereas Bcl-2 fell off. At the same time, the effects of doxorubicin on various yeast knockout strains (YKO) were investigated. To determine the three various doxorubicin concentrations, the Comet assay was performed because doxorubicin might lead to DNA damage. The genotypes of YKO were chosen using the Clustal Omega Multiple Sequence Alignment (EMBL-EBI) of saccharomyces and human gene sequence homology. The comet assay showed improved yeast cell sensitivity, which was unquestionably confirmed.
Keywords: Doxorubicin, Comet assay, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, apoptosis, and cell lines.
Background
Sunflower refers to the tribe Helianthus, subtribe Helianthinae, and family Asteracea... more Background
Sunflower refers to the tribe Helianthus, subtribe Helianthinae, and family Asteraceae, which collectively contains 20 genera and 400 species. An important oilseed crop that yields edible oil is Helianthus annuus L.
Objective
The primary goal of the current study was to assess the genetic diversity of 17 genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) To measure the oil content during the initial flowering period and to reach the highest percentage of oil can be obtained from the first flowering day.
Materials and methods
Five RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) primers were used to detect the genetic diversity of the 17 sunflower hybrid genotypes obtained from Spain. Phylogenetic relationships of 17 sunflower genotypes were determined using three replications and 6 m lines on August 15, 2019, at the National Research Centre farm in Nubaria as part of a donation from the German corporation (strobe), Spain. To analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic linkages in sunflower germplasm, DNA fingerprinting and the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker approach were also used.
Results and conclusion
The oil content of 17 sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) was assessed, with values ranging from 46 to 50%, with the highest values falling into five genotypes. However, the two genotypes were found to have the lowest oil percentage (46%). The early age and oil percentage differed among the varieties. In the Tornado and Elves genotypes, the longest and shortest days were 59 and 47, respectively. The means and standard errors for all statistical data are reported. Statistical significance was evaluated using the LSD. P values were considered statistically significant at P less than or equal to 0.05. According to the findings, RAPD primers generated 49 bands with a size range of 0.1–3 kb and an 87.75% polymorphism percentage. For RAPD, 43 polymorphic bands with distinct bands were observed. Morphological features and RAPD analysis separated the UPGMA Dendrogram into three groups. Jaccard’s coefficient was used to analyze the genetic similarity matrix, and a morphological study revealed that Tornado and Elvas, both from Spain, shared the most genetic similarity (0.970). RAPD analysis and morphological features are useful in identifying genetic variants. Conclusion, according to our findings, Helianthus annuus L. has a significant variation ratio. Indicating substantial diversity across the 17 sunflower genotypes, the genetic similarity index calculated using pooled data from RAPD markers showed an extensive range from 0.645 to 0.986. This study may be a reference for future research on Helianthus annuus L. and may support breeding initiatives and species concepts.
Background: Sorghum is an economically significant staple food crop for more than half a billion ... more Background: Sorghum is an economically significant staple food crop for more than half a billion people in developing nations, especially in arid and semi-arid locations where drought stress is a significant limiting factor. Despite usually being regarded as tolerant, sorghum suffers severely from drought stress, which lowers its productivity and nutritional quality throughout its principal cultivation areas. Objective: Improvements in DNA fingerprinting by ISSRs, SSRs, and RAPD markers have also been employed in sorghum genetic modification (GMOs) to enhance the economic characteristics of this crop. Materials and methods: To provide a natural defence against pests, the most tolerant plants among the seven varieties of sorghum bicolour were selected and planted in the second season of 2020–2021 under treatment with two microorganisms, B. thuringiensis and P. aeruginosa. This study considered seven varieties of sorghum bicolour planted under 50% water deficiency in 2019–2020. Genetic variability analysis of sorghum genotypes was performed using seven Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers, six Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers, and five Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Seven Sorghum bicolour accessions were collected from various regions of Egypt and their phylogenetic relationships were evaluated. Additionally, DNA fingerprinting and analyses of the genetic diversity and evolutionary linkages in the sorghum germplasm employed the (ISSR) molecular marker technique. Results and conclusion: The Fisher Least Significant difference test (LSD) at P < 0.05, based on RAPD, ISSR, and SSR markers demonstrated a significant connection. The findings demonstrated that 51 bands with a size range of 100–1500 bp and polymorphism percentage of 72.5% were created using five RAPD primers. Seven ISSR primers generated 45 bands With a 57.8(%) polymorphism percentage, ranging in size from 100 to 3000 bp. six SSR primers generated 28 bands with (67.86%) polymorphism percentage of 67.86 %, ranging in size from 100 to 1500 bp. Morphological characteristics and ISSR, SSR, and RAPD analyses were used to group the UPGMA Dendrogram into groups. Jaccard's coefficient was used to analyse the genetic similarity matrix. The maximum similarity was observed for ISSR between Hybrid Sh1 and Hybrid Sh306 (0.984%), SSR between Hybrid Sh306 and Sudan grass (0.964%), and RAPD between Giza 15 and Indian Millet (0.706%). The classification of sorghum germplasm, breeding initiatives, and conservation efforts rely heavily on the determination of the genetic diversity among sorghum species. Identification of genetic variants, morphological features, and genetic analysis of ISSR, SSR, and RAPD are useful techniques. These findings demonstrate a large ratio of variation in sorghum. This work could serve as a guide for future research on sorghum and aid in the understanding of species and breeding initiatives.
Despite the enormous advancements in breeding, fresh and accessible methods of plant development ... more Despite the enormous advancements in breeding, fresh and accessible methods of plant development are preferred. Many research have been done to determine the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and magnesium nanoparticles (MgONPs) on plant growth. ZnO NPs and MgONPs have been used extensively in agriculture. Few research have looked into the potential impact of ZnO NPs on grain Zn content or cereal yield formation to date. The goal of the study was to demonstrate how varied concentrations of nanoparticles affected root germination in three different rice types (Giza 177, Sakha super 300, and Sakha 108) and the fungus Fusariummoniliforme, which causes foot rot in rice. Here, we performed a pot experiment to assess the effects that ZnO nanoparticles and MgONPs had on the shoot length, root length, and germination of rice. The experiment involved three dosages of Zn and Mg nanoparticle solution at varying concentrations of 10, 20, and 100 ppm. The outcomes showed that, when compared to the control treatment, ZnO NPs and MgONPs increased the length of the shoot, the length of the roots, and the rate of germination. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers, the genetic makeup of plants treated with 10, 20, and 100 ppm AgNPs was also examined. In vitro rooted shoots were acclimated in a greenhouse before being tested for biochemical stability and phenotypic stability. In vitro, callogenesis and caulogenesis were both reduced by AgNPs at the greatest dose (100 ppm). In order to maximise genome coverage, three rice cultivars from distinct origins were chosen, and they were tested using three RAPD markers and seven selected ISSR markers. AgNPs-treated plants using ISSR markers produced 87 amplified bands in total, 45 polymorphic allelic variants, and 36 monomorphic allelic variations. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used in the Mantel test to determine whether there was a significant association between the Jaccard's dissimilarity matrices based on ISSR and RAPD markers (r = 0.69; P 0.05). Morphological characteristics, ISSR, and RAPD analysis were used to partition the UPGMA Dendrogram into two groupings. Jaccard's coefficient was used to analyse the genetic similarity matrix. Sakha Super 300 and Giza 177 had the most genetic similarity (95%) while Sakha 108 and Giza 177 had the lowest genetic similarity (90%) according to ISSR and RAPD study. The classification of rice germplasm, breeding initiatives, and conservation efforts all heavily rely on the determination of genetic diversity within the rice species. To find genetic variations, morphological characteristics, ISSR, and RAPD analysis are useful techniques. The findings demonstrated the large ratio of variation in rice. This work successfully established the possibility of using MgONPs and ZnO NPs as high-performing fertilisers to improve rice output and quality.This study could serve as a guide for future research on rice and could support efforts to understand the species and improve breeding stock.
Effect of PEG induced drought stress on Genetic diversity using SDS-PAGE and ISSR markers for Egyptian barley varieties, 2023
Seven barley accessions were selected based on their morphological and agronomic diversity in a r... more Seven barley accessions were selected based on their morphological and agronomic diversity in a randomized complete design with three replications to examine the impact of drought stress on germination of barley cultivars. Seven Egyptian barley varieties, designated as Giza126 (G1), Giza127 (G2), Giza 128 (G3), Giza130 (G4), Giza2000 (G5), Giza133 (G6), and Giza134 (G7), were the initial factors in the controlled experiment. Two irrigation treatments using PEG (6000) solutions at concentrations of 50% and 56 %, respectively, were administered as the second factor, while the third treatment was a simple water control. The effects of genotype, PEG-induced osmotic potentials, and their interactions all considerably changed the examined parameters. Osmotic potential decreased seed germination and growth metrics; however, significant genotypic differences were found. The best cultivars in terms of yield parameters were G3, G5, and G6, which showed tolerance to drought stress, while G1, G2, and G4, G7 cultivars showed less tolerance. Genetic diversity across barley types was investigated using ISSR and SDS-PAGE. Seven barley cultivars from various origins were chosen in order to maximise genome coverage, and they were examined using six chosen ISSR markers. There were 63 amplified bands altogether, 30 polymorphic allelic variants (ranging from 3 to 8 per locus with an average of 5) and 33 monomorphic allelic variations (ranging from 4 to 7 per locus with an average of 5.5) that were found. The calculated genetic distance using ISSR data ranged from 0.813 to 0.972. The two groupings on the dendrogram based on genetic distance estimation are typically congruent with the currently available genetic data. The fact that they had a common ancestor and were grouped together further supported their genetic link. The patterns of SDS-protein banding showed a range of variance that revealed a total of 18 bands with various molecular weights, only 14 of them were polymorphic. All varieties displayed a wide range of genetic diversity, as shown by the ISSR and SDS-PAGE results. These data were supported by growth parameters, which we ranked as drought-stress tolerant, and showed them to be excellent candidates for selective breeding for specific traits and enlarging genetic base.
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2022
A chemical called zinc sulphate (ZnSo4
) is inorganic. In order to treat and prevent nutrient de... more A chemical called zinc sulphate (ZnSo4
) is inorganic. In order to treat and prevent nutrient deficiencies, zinc is utilised. Zinc is a naturally
occurring element that is crucial for tissue development, maintenance, and health. This research used the MTT method to examine the effects of
various doses of ZnSo4 on cell viability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), lung cancer (A549), and normal lung cells (Wi38). Propidium
iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V/PI staining were used in flow cytometry to detect both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest appropriately. The
current study's findings revealed that ZnSo4 caused cytotoxicity in HepG2, A549, and Wi38 at various doses (IC50 = 308.11, 413.02, and 463.15
g/ml). These findings demonstrated that ZnSo4 has cytotoxic effects on both cancerous and non-cancerous cells by reducing cell viability. By
arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and increasing apoptosis, flow cytometry analysis of ZnSo4
-damaged HepG2 cells revealed a
considerable increase in these two processes. In addition, when HepG2 cell lines were exposed to a high concentration of ZnSo4
, the mRNA
expression amounts of p53 and casp3 rose whereas Bcl-2 fell. This study assessed how ZnSo4 affected various yeast haploid knockout strains
(YKO). In order to determine the three different ZnSO4 concentrations that this particular set of ZnSO4 could cause DNA damage, we used the
comet assay method. The comet assay showed improved yeast cell sensitivity, which has been unquestionably confirmed. The (Clustal Omega
Multiple Sequence Alignment EMBL-EBI) alignments of yeast and human gene sequence similarity were used to select the genotypes of YKO.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 50nm Gold Nanorods on mouse splenocytes and human cell lines, 2022
The study was designed to: 1) to evaluate the cytotoxic potential effects of different concentrat... more The study was designed to: 1) to evaluate the cytotoxic potential effects of different concentrations of 50nm AuNRs on mouse splenocytes chromosomal aberrations; 2) to examine the effect of different concentrations of 50nm AuNRs on human lung cancer (A549), Hepatic cancer (HepG2), colorectal cancer (Caco-2) cell lines, and normal lung (CCD-19Lu) cell line as a control. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethizzol-zyl)-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay; 3) cell cycle assay was conducted using flow cytometry. Results indicated that 50nm AuNRs induced chromosomal aberrations in cultured mouse splenocytes in a dose dependent manner. All the examined doses of 50 nm AuNRs were cytotoxic to mice splenocytes, and it induced most the aberration types, structurally (including chromatid gaps, chromatid breaks, deletions, and fragments, and numerically which represented as diploidy when compared with negative control. While 6.25 µg/ml 50nm AuNRs was safe when applied to cultured splenocytes. Also, results showed that 50nm AuNRs induced profound cytotoxicity in cancer cells of human colon cancer (Caco-2) (IC50 = 73.36), human liver cancer (HepG2) (IC50 = 67.72), human lung cancer cell line (A549) (IC50 = 33.97), respectively. Moreover, AuNRs has a cytotoxic activity on normal lung (CCD-19Lu) (IC50 = 545.5). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that 50nm AuNRs has a cytotoxic effect on human carcinoma cells (HepG2, CaCo2, A549, and CDD-19Lu) cells through the increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Conclusion, these data indicate that 50nmAuNRs has a cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on mouse splenocytes and human normal and cancer cell lines at a concentration dependent manner.
Impact assessment of cadmium chloride on human cell lines and yeast knockout strains, 2022
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Comm... more This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is worldwide forage and grown in different environmental conditions.... more Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is worldwide forage and grown in different environmental conditions. This high geographical adaptation stimulates the genetic variation and gives breeders the possibility of using highly diverse gene pools. In this work five of Egyptian alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) cultivars of different geographic origin (Ismailia 1, Ismailia 2, Nubaria 1, Ramah and Sewi) in addition to the Australian cultivar (Medicago truncatula ) to complete a set of six cultivars represent six genotypes were evaluated for their responses to water regime on the level of some morphological characters such as flag leaf, stem diameter, plant height, leaf length and weight of 1000 grains then undergone a test for their genetic diversity with two selected molecular markers SSR and ISSR . The ISSR marker is more discriminating, provides more informative data than SSR marker. The five used ISSR primers succeeded in identifying four positive markers, the A1 & A2 primers generated positive ban...
Egyptian Journal of Genetics And Cytology, 2018
Toxicogenomics is the study of the relationships between the structure and activity of the genome... more Toxicogenomics is the study of the relationships between the structure and activity of the genome and the adverse biological effects of exogenous agents. Different kinds of additives are widely applied in food industry. Yeast cells were grown with the food additives, and culture growth. This study aimed to select and genetically determine the possible genotоxic effects of three food additives (MSG, SB and Saffron) on human cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Caco-3) cells with food additives increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. The quantitative real time-PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes. The data showed that food additives changed transcriptional levels of these related genes. The mRNA expression of p53 and Bax were up-regulated, but, the transcription of Bcl2 was significantly down-regulated compared to the control. Protein-protein interaction maps provided a valuable framew...
Arab Universities Journal Agricultural Sciences (AUJAS), 2019
Some food additives commonly used by humans have been recently proved to be mutagenic. It is of s... more Some food additives commonly used by humans have been recently proved to be mutagenic. It is of significant importance to evaluate their genotoxic effects since they are frequently consumed by humans in their daily meals. In this study, we investigated the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG), sodium benzoate (SB), and saffron on human cell lines; lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (Caco-3), and normal lung (Wi38) cell line as control. Cytotoxicity of food additives was screened on multiple cell lines and examined by NR assay (Neutral Red assay). The present study focused on the cytotoxic activity of the food additives and their possible underlying mechanisms. The results showed that food additives; MSG, SB and saffron induced profound cytotoxicity in cancer cells of human colon cancer (Caco-3) (IC50 = 33.92, 15.01, 3.98 μg/ml), human breast cancer (MCF7) (IC50 = 12.79, 0.378, 10.73 μg/ml), human lung cancer cell line (A549) (IC50 = 27.37, 0.45, 2.46 μg/ml), respectively. Moreover, food additives exhibited cytotoxic activity on normal lung cell lines (Wi38) (IC50 = 4.25, 0.733, 18.14 μg/ml). These data indicated that food additives decreased cell viability in malignant and nonmalignant cells as well as confirmed the occurrence of their cytotoxic effects. 
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Papers by Shimaa El-Sayed Rashad
Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae haploid knockout (YKO) strains, this study aimed to
examine the genotoxic effects of gold nanorods (AuNRs).
Salmonella and E. coli strains will be cultivated on LB agar plates
and incubated for 16 hours at 37°C to perform bacterial tests. The
cultures will be subjected to varying quantities of AuNRs after
incubation. The comet test will be used to assess the degree of
DNA damage in these bacterial strains. Likewise, haploid knockout
strains of S. cerevisiae will be grown on YPD plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours before being exposed to different doses
of AuNRs for the yeast model. Following treatment, the comet
assay will also be used to evaluate DNA damage in yeast cells. The
GeneMANIA platform, which offers functional association data to
help the interpretation of the genetic findings, will be used to
predict protein-protein interaction networks. The HepG2 liver
cancer cell line's expression levels of cancer-related genes will also
be examined using real-time PCR. Particular attention was paid to
the p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes, which are homologous to the chosen
yeast genotypes. Findings and outcomes: When compared to
untreated control groups, the comet assay findings for both yeast
and bacterial cells showed increased tail length, tail DNA
percentage, and tail moment, indicating severe DNA damage (P <
0.05). According to a gene expression study, Bcl-2 expression was
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
ARTICLE IN PRESS
ARTICLE IN PRESS
significantly downregulated, whereas p53 and Bax transcripts were
upregulated after being exposed to AuNRs. Analysis of protein-
protein interactions provided additional information about the functional arrangement of related proteins. Overall, the results
indicate that gold nanorods have genotoxic qualities and lower
malignant cell viability.
Keywords: Doxorubicin, Comet assay, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, apoptosis, and cell lines.
Sunflower refers to the tribe Helianthus, subtribe Helianthinae, and family Asteraceae, which collectively contains 20 genera and 400 species. An important oilseed crop that yields edible oil is Helianthus annuus L.
Objective
The primary goal of the current study was to assess the genetic diversity of 17 genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) To measure the oil content during the initial flowering period and to reach the highest percentage of oil can be obtained from the first flowering day.
Materials and methods
Five RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) primers were used to detect the genetic diversity of the 17 sunflower hybrid genotypes obtained from Spain. Phylogenetic relationships of 17 sunflower genotypes were determined using three replications and 6 m lines on August 15, 2019, at the National Research Centre farm in Nubaria as part of a donation from the German corporation (strobe), Spain. To analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic linkages in sunflower germplasm, DNA fingerprinting and the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker approach were also used.
Results and conclusion
The oil content of 17 sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) was assessed, with values ranging from 46 to 50%, with the highest values falling into five genotypes. However, the two genotypes were found to have the lowest oil percentage (46%). The early age and oil percentage differed among the varieties. In the Tornado and Elves genotypes, the longest and shortest days were 59 and 47, respectively. The means and standard errors for all statistical data are reported. Statistical significance was evaluated using the LSD. P values were considered statistically significant at P less than or equal to 0.05. According to the findings, RAPD primers generated 49 bands with a size range of 0.1–3 kb and an 87.75% polymorphism percentage. For RAPD, 43 polymorphic bands with distinct bands were observed. Morphological features and RAPD analysis separated the UPGMA Dendrogram into three groups. Jaccard’s coefficient was used to analyze the genetic similarity matrix, and a morphological study revealed that Tornado and Elvas, both from Spain, shared the most genetic similarity (0.970). RAPD analysis and morphological features are useful in identifying genetic variants. Conclusion, according to our findings, Helianthus annuus L. has a significant variation ratio. Indicating substantial diversity across the 17 sunflower genotypes, the genetic similarity index calculated using pooled data from RAPD markers showed an extensive range from 0.645 to 0.986. This study may be a reference for future research on Helianthus annuus L. and may support breeding initiatives and species concepts.
) is inorganic. In order to treat and prevent nutrient deficiencies, zinc is utilised. Zinc is a naturally
occurring element that is crucial for tissue development, maintenance, and health. This research used the MTT method to examine the effects of
various doses of ZnSo4 on cell viability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), lung cancer (A549), and normal lung cells (Wi38). Propidium
iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V/PI staining were used in flow cytometry to detect both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest appropriately. The
current study's findings revealed that ZnSo4 caused cytotoxicity in HepG2, A549, and Wi38 at various doses (IC50 = 308.11, 413.02, and 463.15
g/ml). These findings demonstrated that ZnSo4 has cytotoxic effects on both cancerous and non-cancerous cells by reducing cell viability. By
arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and increasing apoptosis, flow cytometry analysis of ZnSo4
-damaged HepG2 cells revealed a
considerable increase in these two processes. In addition, when HepG2 cell lines were exposed to a high concentration of ZnSo4
, the mRNA
expression amounts of p53 and casp3 rose whereas Bcl-2 fell. This study assessed how ZnSo4 affected various yeast haploid knockout strains
(YKO). In order to determine the three different ZnSO4 concentrations that this particular set of ZnSO4 could cause DNA damage, we used the
comet assay method. The comet assay showed improved yeast cell sensitivity, which has been unquestionably confirmed. The (Clustal Omega
Multiple Sequence Alignment EMBL-EBI) alignments of yeast and human gene sequence similarity were used to select the genotypes of YKO.