Management

Retail marketing is the range of activities undertaken by a retailer to promote awareness and sales of the company"s products. This is different from other types of marketing because of the components of the retail trade, such as selling finished goods in small quantities to the consumer or end user, usually from a fixed location. Retail marketing makes use of the common principles of the marketing mix, such as product, price, place and promotion. A study of retail marketing at university level includes effective merchandising strategies, shopping and consumer behavior, branding and advertising. Retail marketing is especially important to small retailers trying to compete against large chain stores.

The term "Industrial Relations" comprises of two terms: "Industry" and "Relations". "Industry" refers to "any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged". By "relations" we mean "the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen." The term industrial relations explains the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Industrial relations are the relationships between employees and employers within the organizational settings. The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. The relationships which arise at and out of the workplace generally include the relationships between individual workers, the relationships between workers and their employer, the relationships between employers, the relationships employers and workers have with the organizations formed to promote their respective interests, and the relations between those organizations, at all levels. industrial relations also includes the processes through which these relationships are expressed (such as, collective bargaining, workers" participation in decision-making, and grievance and dispute settlement), and the management of conflict between employers, workers and trade unions, when it arises.

Wageningen UR Centre for Dev elopment Innovation (CDI) works on processes of innovation and change in the areas of secure and healthy food, adaptiv e agriculture, sustainable markets and ecosystem governance. It is an interdisciplinary and internationally focused unit of Wageningen Univ ersity & Research centre within the Social Sciences Group.

Climate data for the year 2013 implies global warming and climate change is happening and will lead to food scarcity, water scarcity, health related problems and rise in sea water level in coastal areas globally. It is imperative to adopt eco-friendly practices in marketing and business to evade climate change related disasters. This paper traces green marketing concept and practices from 20th century to till date throwing light on this area. Green Marketing started with modification to communication process alone, moved to modification in production process, then to differentiating factor for competitive advantage and evolving every day. Tracing of green marketing concept from the period when it emerged to present day scenario will give scope and direction for further research to researchers, companies and provide a base to take up studies for developing green marketing strategies successfully for different product categories reducing environmental and climate change related calamities.

The present study was created in order to customise the marketing mix for non-purchasers of eco-friendly products by studying their perspectives on the introduction of eco-friendly variants of the regular products that they are using in particular product categories (personal care and home care). Overall previous literature reviews in this area imply that there is a gap in the scientific literature on the marketing mix formulation for converting non-purchasers into purchasers of eco-friendly products to augment eco-friendly product sales and adopt green marketing. As literature reviews had clearly indicated that green purchasers have a very low percentage when compared to non-purchasers, the purpose is to create new opportunities for successful green marketing as the study tries to convert non-purchasers into purchasers. We used descriptive research design to study a sample of 885 respondents, who were surveyed in 2 cities in the Tamil Nadu state in India, to acquire an in-depth understanding of consumer behaviour that would enable the consumption of eco-friendly products among non-purchasers. The results reveal the marketing mix requirement and the eco-friendly aspects needed by the non-purchasers in order to buy the eco-friendly variants. The research sheds light on the product, price and promotion components that will attract non-purchases of eco-friendly products to buy eco-friendly products, thus facilitating green marketing mix adaptation. The study will provide valuable input for further research in formulating the marketing mix necessary to enable consumption of eco-friendly products in different geographical locations and various product categories.